Reviewer in Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person PDF

Reviewer in INTRODUCTION TO THE PHILOSOPHY OF THE HUMAN PERSON Lesson 1- FREEDOM OF THE HUMAN PERSON HUMAN FREEDOM- A social concept that recognizes the dignity of individuals and is defined here as negative liberty or the absence of coercive constraints....

Reviewer in INTRODUCTION TO THE PHILOSOPHY OF THE HUMAN PERSON Lesson 1- FREEDOM OF THE HUMAN PERSON HUMAN FREEDOM- A social concept that recognizes the dignity of individuals and is defined here as negative liberty or the absence of coercive constraints. THE EXISTENTIALIST VIEW OF HUMAN FREEDOM - Man is free because God gives him that freedom --- the freedom of choice - Freedom as such is good, but sometimes it is bad - There is no absolute freedom since freedom is God’s gift to men’s humanity - Man is free to do anything he wants to do, but he is not free from the consequences of his actions. THREE (3) KINDS OF FREEDOM - Freedom from physical constraints- this is manifested by beast, infants and mentally retarded - Freedom as one pleases – exercised by ruffians, anarchist and immature individuals - Authentic freedom- an attunement with what is divinely required CONSEQUENCES- a result or effect of an action or condition. OBLIGATION/ DUTY - something you must do because of legal requirement - Something that you have to do i.e. required for a citizen to do - An act or course of action to which a person is morally or legally bound RESPONSIBILITY - Something that you are expected to do - State or fact of having a duty to deal with something or of having control over someone HUMAN FREEDOM AND OBLIGATION- Freedom and obligation are two indispensable conditions for morality to occur. HUMAN ACTIONS - Those actions which man performs knowingly, freely and voluntarily. - Actions are the result of conscious knowledge and are subject to the control of the will. - Deliberate, intentional, or voluntary. - Examples: telling the truth, giving money to the poor, going to school ACTS OF MAN - Instinctive and involuntary. - Examples: breathing, beating of the heart, perspiration ARISTOTLE’S DISTINCTION OF VOLUNTARY AND INVOLUNTARY ACTIONS VOLUNTARY ACTIONS- These are acts originating from individual performing the act using knowledge about the situations of the act. CLASSIFICATION OF VOLUNTARY ACTIONS VOLUNTARY- actions are performed from will and reason. RELATED TO COMPULSION - mixed of voluntary and involuntary action. It is more voluntary if the desire and choice has been performed and involuntary if it has considered preferences or alternative. INVOLUNTARY ACTIONS- are acts under a force or coercion and ignorance where the doer failed to understand the effect and feels sorry on the result. CLASSIFICATION OF INVOLUNTARY ACTIONS UNDER COMPULSION- Circumstances which are beyond the control of agent and contributes none to the action. Example: A person was kidnapped, hence impossible to resist.  THROUGH IGNORANCE OF PARTICULAR CIRCUMSTANCES- An act originates in the agent and he understands the circumstances in which he acts, his acts is voluntary and he is responsible for his consequences. Example: a man steals, and ignorant of the law, arrow or gun by mistake. INTELLECTUAL CHOICE- Choice which is deliberately selected based on a moral standpoint. PRACTICAL CHOICE- A choice which is borne out of psychological and emotional considerations. Lesson 2- INTERSUBJECTIVITY INTERSUBJECTIVITY - sharing of subjective states by two or more individuals. - co- existence or being with. - it exists where human exist. THEORY OF PARTICIPATION - Man has capacity to share himself to others - Man acts and exist with others - He is member of the community of persons- community of “I-You” or We” - His experience with others gives him meaning and allows him to create meaning with others WHAT PHILOSOPHERS SAYS ABOUT INTERSUBJECTIVITY CONFUCIUS (551-479B.C. E) - One of the human ideas of Confucianism is REN or human heartedness. (Virtue or kindness) - Good life was about finding meaning in serving your community and family. - Treating everyone with kindness and respect, fulfilling your duties, and always striving to learn and become a better person. - He said that intersubjectivity is practical humanism in nature (Love the other through actions not through thoughts) MARTIN BUBER - Philosophy of Dialogue and his Existentialist view. - Jewish philosopher who introduced the I-Though and I-It relationships to embody his philosophy of intersubjectivity. - We have to treat another person as a subject. - “I Though” is the most meaningful relationship in the realm of humanity. KAROL WOJTYLA - Human action is the foundation of our being. - Human life is a gift, and the ultimate purpose is to live in communion with others and with God. - Human reality is also being with others i.e., our actions is directed towards others. A form of action known as “Participation”. ELEANOR ROOSEVELT - No one can make you feel inferior without your consent. ACCEPTING DIFFERENCES AMONG OTHERS WHO WE ARE DETERMINES HOW WE VIEW OTHERS - What people see is influenced by who they are. - Due to experiences, we look at a person differently from rest. WHO WE ARE DETERMINE HOW WE VIEW LIFE - We all have personal frame of references that consist of our attitudes, assumptions and expectations concerning ourselves, other people and life - No one can make you feel inferior without your consent – Eleanor Roosevelt  WHO WE ARE DETERMINES WHAT WE DO - Our ways of thinking as well as our attitude are part of our talents and abilities i.e, what we do to ourselves and to others - The way we view people is determined by who we are, our personality and character Lesson 3- HUMAN PERSON AND SOCIETY SOCIETY- is a group of people living together in a definite territory, having a sense of belongingness and follow a certain way of life. “societas”- from socius, which means companion or associate. AUTHORITY - the power to make laws for the common good - give order - expect obedience CHARACTERISTICS OF SOCIETY - Human society continuously develop as human person develops themselves. - Society must have hierarchy of values. - Society must have hierarchy of values. SOCIETY refers to all people, collectively regarded as constituting a community of related interdependent individuals living in definite place following a certain mode of life. SOCIETIES THEN AND NOW A. PRE-INDUSTRIAL SOCIETY - Tribal Society- “primitive or preliterate society” B. POST- INDUSTRIAL SOCIETY - A shift from the production of goods to the production of services. - The replacement of practical knowledge with theoretical knowledge. - Uses advance technology to drive a massive production. THE CONCEPT OF DISEMBODIED SUBJECT AFFECT SOCIETY IN RELATION TO DIGITAL AGE - Human seems to start losing commitment which considered as an important element in living. - It brought about significant cultural changes and influencing social norms and behaviors. - It increased risk of depression, anxiety and other mental health issues. INFORMATION SOCIETY- plays a vital role with regards to the circulation and control of made-up ideas which affects political, economic, social and cultural aspects. DANIEL BELL- an American sociologist first coined the term post-industrial in 1973. THE DISEMBODIED SUBJECT- People are slowly putting aside their bodies in relating with others because the technological society offers an alternative option when it comes to interaction. Lesson 4- HUMAN PERSON AND DEATH DEATH- phenomenological term used to describe the time when something ends or the permanent end of all life functions. BIOGENESIS- law that pertains that life comes from life. PHENOMENOLOGICAL NOTION OF DEATH DEATH is CERTAIN- Birth and death are two things we cannot remove from our existence. Whether we like or not, we will die. DEATH is INDEFINITE- It is indefinite as to when it will come Death is impending. It can happen anytime.  DEATH is ONE’S PROPERTY- The death of the person belongs to him Nobody can experience his death except himself. No proxies or substitutes. DEATH is NON-RELATIONAL- This means that when we die, we die alone. DEATH is NOT TO BE OUTSTRIPPED- Death cannot be taken away from a person. CLINICAL DETERMINANTS OF DEATH- Refers to measures of bodily functions. Often judged by a physician, who can sign a legal document called medical death certificate. CLINICAL CRITERIA IN THE PROCESS OF DETERMINING THE DEATH OF PERSON - Lack of central nervous system function - Lack of heartbeat and breathing - Presence of rigor mortis or cellular death BARGAINING- one of the stages of death and dying wherein a patient attempts to negotiate with physicians, friends and even God. N D E- “Near Death Experience”- pertains to altered state of consciousness usually occurring after traumatic injury and almost invariably involve risk of life. --------------------------------------------------- God Bless ---------------------------------------------------- PREPARED BY: Ms. Rose Carla U. Ricafranca IPHP Teacher