Reviewer for Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person (2nd Quarter) PDF

Reviewer for Introduc on to the Philosophy of the Human Person (Second Quarter) 1. Freedom of the Human Person: Defini on: Freedom is the ability to make choices and perform ac ons. It is an intrinsic and essen al property of the human person. Types...

Reviewer for Introduc on to the Philosophy of the Human Person (Second Quarter) 1. Freedom of the Human Person: Defini on: Freedom is the ability to make choices and perform ac ons. It is an intrinsic and essen al property of the human person. Types of Freedom: o Physical Freedom: Freedom from physical restraint. (Example: A person locked in a room is not physically free.) o Psychological Freedom: Freedom from internal constraints, like fear or addic on. (Example: A person with a fear of heights might feel psychologically restricted from climbing mountains.) o Moral Freedom: Freedom to choose what is right and wise. (Example: A person choosing to help a stranger in need, even though it might be inconvenient.) Responsibility: Being accountable for one's ac ons and their consequences. (Example: A student who cheats on a test is responsible for the consequences of their ac ons, even if they are not caught.) Voluntariness: The ability to act freely and inten onally. (Example: A person who chooses to donate to charity is ac ng voluntarily.) Example Scenarios: Scenario 1: You are offered a job that pays well but requires you to work long hours and weekends. You have to choose between your financial needs and your personal me. What type of freedom are you dealing with? Scenario 2: A friend asks you to lie for them to cover up their mistake. You have to decide whether to be honest or to protect your friend. What type of freedom are you dealing with? 2. Intersubjec vity: Defini on: Intersubjec vity is the state of sharing of subjec ve states (thoughts, feelings, experiences) by two or more individuals. It is about how we understand and relate to others. Key Aspects: o Empathy: The ability to understand and share the feelings of others. (Example: A friend comfor ng you when you are sad.) o Dialogue: A genuine interac on where both par es are willing to listen and understand each other's perspec ves. (Example: A respec ul conversa on between two people with different opinions.) o Aliena on: The state of being separated or isolated from others. (Example: A person who feels lonely and isolated from their community.) o Totaliza on: occurs when one limit the other to a set of ra onal categories, be they racial, sexual or otherwise. o Availability: the willingness of a person to be present and be at disposal of another. Prepared by: Christopher Rey C. San Jose | Teacher II  Reviewer for Introduc on to the Philosophy of the Human Person (Second Quarter) o Ethics of Care: an ethical theory that emphasizes the moral dimension of rela onships and interac ons. This moral perspec ve encourages individuals to help other people, most especially the vulnerable. o Seeming: ac ons where an individual presents himself or herself in a certain way when dealing with others. Persons take on “roles” or act out characters when dealing with certain people or when in certain situa ons. o Persons with Disabili es (PWDs) and Underprivileged Sectors of the Society This highlights the importance of recognizing the shared humanity and dignity of all individuals, regardless of their differences. Notable Figures: o Helen Keller: Overcame deafness and blindness to become an author, poli cal ac vist, and lecturer. o Stephen Hawking: Renowned theore cal physicist who communicated through a speech-genera ng device due to ALS. o Marlee Matlin: Academy Award-winning actress who is deaf and advocates for the rights of the hearing impaired. o Nick Vujicic: Mo va onal speaker born without limbs, inspiring millions with his story of overcoming adversity. o Roselle Ambubuyog (born 1980):The first visually-impaired Filipino to graduate summa cum laude from Ateneo de Manila University, Ambubuyog's story demonstrates the importance of inclusivity and challenging societal barriers. Her achievements highlight how intersubjec ve understanding can lead to greater acceptance and opportuni es for PWDs. o Fa ma Soriano: A singer who started singing at a young age, Soriano's story highlights the importance of recognizing the dreams and aspira ons of all individuals, regardless of their circumstances. Her success inspires others to pursue their own dreams and contribute to society. Her story underscores the need for intersubjec ve understanding and support to help individuals achieve their full poten al. Example Scenarios: Scenario 1: You see a classmate being bullied. You can choose to ignore it or intervene. How does intersubjec vity influence your decision? Scenario 2: You are having a disagreement with a friend. How can you use dialogue to resolve the conflict? Prepared by: Christopher Rey C. San Jose | Teacher II  Reviewer for Introduc on to the Philosophy of the Human Person (Second Quarter) 3. The Human Person in Society: Society: An organized group of members who interact frequently and share a common territory and culture. Social Norms: Acceptable traits and behaviors within a society. (Example: Saying "please" and "thank you" is a social norm in many cultures.) Common Good: The well-being of the en re society. (Example: Public educa on and healthcare are examples of things that contribute to the common good.) Ethics of Care: The moral obliga on to respond to the needs of others, especially the vulnerable. (Example: Helping an elderly person cross the street.) Social Concepts Social Norms: Social norms are the unwriten rules and expecta ons that govern behavior within a society. They are the guidelines that dictate what is considered acceptable, appropriate, and expected in various social contexts. Social norms are learned through socializa on, which involves interac ons with family, peers, ins tu ons, and the media. Folkways: Folkways are a type of social norm that are less formal and carry less weight than other norms. They are o en referred to as "customs" or "conven ons" and are generally considered polite or courteous behavior. Viola ng a folkway might result in social disapproval or embarrassment, but it is unlikely to lead to serious consequences. Example: In many Western societies, it is considered a folkway to say "please" and "thank you" when making requests or receiving favors. While not legally required, failing to do so might be seen as rude or disrespectful. Laws: Laws are the most formal type of social norm. They are codified rules that are enforced by the state or government. Viola ng a law can result in legal penal es, such as fines, imprisonment, or even death. Laws are designed to maintain order, protect individuals, and ensure the smooth func oning of society. Example: Driving without a license is a violation of the law and can result in fines, suspension of driving privileges, or even jail time. Social Roles: Social roles are sets of expected behaviors, rights, and obliga ons associated with a par cular posi on or status in society. They define how individuals are expected to act in specific situa ons and rela onships. Social roles can be based on factors such as age, gender, occupa on, family status, or social class. Example: The role of a teacher involves educa ng students, maintaining classroom order, and assessing student progress. The role of a parent involves nurturing and caring for children, providing guidance, and suppor ng their development. Prepared by: Christopher Rey C. San Jose | Teacher II  Reviewer for Introduc on to the Philosophy of the Human Person (Second Quarter) Social Values: Social values are shared beliefs about what is good, right, desirable, and important in a society. They shape the way individuals think, feel, and act, and they influence the development of social norms and laws. Social values can vary across cultures and change over me. Example: In many societies, values such as honesty, integrity, respect, and compassion are highly regarded. These values influence the way people interact with each other and shape the norms and laws that govern behavior. Example Scenarios: Scenario 1: You witness a crime. Should you report it to the authori es, even if it might put you in danger? How does your understanding of the common good influence your decision? 4. Human Persons as Oriented Towards their Impending Death: Death: An inevitable reality that is a part of life. Meaningful Life: A meaningful life is a subjec ve experience, but it generally involves a sense of purpose, connec on, and fulfillment. It's about finding what maters to you and living in alignment with your values. Happiness: Happiness is a state of being, not just an emo onal response or chosen mental a tude. o Sources of Happiness  Noble good – one which is pursued for its own sake; good in itself, such as love and friendship.  Useful good – considered good so long as it serves as a means to an end; its goodness is found only from what it can provide. Example: money  Pleasurable good – is good so long as it provides some form of pleasure, though it does not have to be physical. Suffering: Suffering takes place when we pa ently endure unpleasantness, discomfort, and pain. It can be experienced physically/mentally.  Physical suffering – are physical sensa ons such discomfort, hunger, distress, and pain.  Mental suffering – involves emo onal or mental states such as depression, anxiety, fear, loneliness, and grief. Example Scenarios: Scenario 1: A loved one passes away. How do you cope with the grief and loss? Scenario 2: You are diagnosed with a terminal illness. How does your understanding of death influence your choices and ac ons? Prepared by: Christopher Rey C. San Jose | Teacher II