Philippines History Elements of Poetry PDF

Philippines History extremes – a good person being truly good and a bad character being truly evil. Elements of Poetry Round – characters who are fully develop...

Philippines History extremes – a good person being truly good and a bad character being truly evil. Elements of Poetry Round – characters who are fully developed, displaying complex qualities Persona and traits; they are multi-layered and – the person speaking in the complex characters poem; may be the poet himself/herself, or Static – those who do not change or can adopt a certain ‘persona’ who acts for ‘grow’ in the story, or whose him/her and conveys his/her attitude characteristics toward the subject remain relatively the same Dynamic – those who show drastic Diction changes in terms of emotional, social or – proper choice of words to intellectual development; or those come up with the intended meaning. It characters undergo sufficient internal is important to know what the words conversion mean, imply or suggest. Setting Imagery –refers to the time, place and condition – painting a picture in words, in which the story is placed. Time may suggesting colors, sounds and include time of year, day or season; movements. It is the process of using place may include the locale, specific expressions that create sensory house or dwelling; condition may Impressions include the historical period when the story took place. Tone Importance of the Setting -the writer’s motivation Placing particular characters in for the utterance. It may be a cry of a specific time and place lends anger, a song of joy, a statement of authenticity and credibility to protest or an expression of love the story. Symbolism Theme – the artistic use of concrete –the purpose or idea that the words to represent abstract ideas. author wants to convey in the story. It is the author’s Elements of Fiction statement about life or about a particular subject or issue. Character -the people who are part of the Point of View story. -the angle of vision from which Protagonist– the major or focal character the reader follows the Antagonist – the character against whom development of the story. clashes with the protagonist There are three commonly used points Flat – characters who manifest one of view: dominant trait throughout the story, or First Person Point of View – uses the those with very limited characteristics. first person “I” pronoun, and it is this “I” Such characters may be simple and who tells the story. The story is narrated uncomplicated, or sometimes represent only as far as this “I” can see and feel, and is therefore limited to that extent. Omniscient Point of View – makes use CONFLICT —-- it is the opposition of of the third person speaker. There is an forces upon which the dramatic action “all-knowing” narrator who can enter the depends. hearts and minds of the various characters Types of Conflicts in the story and can therefore relate every -physical (character VS another single thought and feeling of each of the character in a physical fight) characters. -Internal (character VS himself, more on Limited Omniscient Point of View – also the emotional aspect) or natural (character makes use of the third person narration VS forces of nature) but the story is followed through the -man VS God consciousness of a particular -man VS society Character. Plot Philippine Literature in English -the structure within which the narration of History and Features events, arranged in a sequence, unfolds. It is not merely a chronology of events, The study of Philippine literature in but an organization of events based on a English must start with the context “sense of causality”. of the Philippines as a Third Freytag’s Pyramid World country. EXPOSITION — the background information that is needed to understand Thus, what we have is “third the story properly is provided. Such world literature”, which is not information includes the protagonist, the necessarily a poor or substandard antagonist, the basic conflict, the setting type of literature but rather and the inciting moment (instance that literature that stems from and is urge the characters to act). influenced by third world country RISING ACTION —- the basic conflict is issues. complicated by the introduction of related secondary conflicts, including various Countries like Myanmar (Burma), obstacles that frustrate the protagonist’s Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, attempt to reach the goal. Somalia and other South African CLIMAX —-- or turning point, marks a countries share the same change, for the better or worse, in the sentiments as the Philippines. protagonist’s affairs, FALLING ACTION —- the conflict What is common? between the protagonist and antagonist unravels, with the protagonist winning or Poverty losing against the adversary, or totally This is pervasive among the loses or totally achieves his main people living in those countries. objective. What’s odd is that there are still a DENOUEMENT / RESOLUTION —- number of filthy rich people, consists of a series of events that serve as accounting to 5-10% of the total the conclusion of the story. Conflicts are population. resolved, creating normality for Oppressive and Repressive the characters, and there could be a Traditions. release of tension and anxiety for the These are evident in the practices reader. in sex, gender, and social status  (there are unwritten rules in (called The Philippine Collegian or positions in society). Kule in 1922) Peace and Order Situation. The Coconut of the Manila High School It has become worse since the (1st issue, 1912) word “democracy” is overused and The Torch of the PNS abused. (1st issue, 1913) Daily Life of Common People. It reflects the poor condition of life The First PH Magazines in English in general, not only those living in the slums. Philippines Herald Roots of PH Lit in English Philippine Education Magazine (renamed Philippine Magazine and In the early 1900s, American much later, Manila Tribune) forces wanted to pacify Filipinos and instill these ideals: The Philippine Graphic; ❖ universality Woman’s Outlook; Woman’s ❖ practicality Home Journal ❖ democracy *Cash incentives were given to writers in The influence of the Thomasites 1921 when the Free Press started to pay Around 600 educators who for published contributions and awarded arrived in 1901 aboard the S.S. P1,000 for the best stories. Thomas replaced the soldiers who also functioned as teachers. *The organization of the Philippine Public education was Writers Association and of the U.P. institutionalised, with English Writers Club, also helped encourage serving as the medium of literary production. instruction. The people learned the language *In 1939, the Philippine Writers League quickly, helped by the many was put up by politically conscious writers, support systems (e.g., books, intensifying their debate with those in the magazines, newspapers) outside "art for art’s sake" school of thought. of the academe. The 1st Commonwealth Literary The First PH Schools and Publications Awards (by Pres. MLQ) 1. Salvador P. Lopez for Literature The Philippine Collegian and Society (essay) The First PH Student 2. R. Zulueta da Costa for Like Publications in English the Molave (poetry) 3. Manuel Arguilla for How My The Filipino Students’ Magazine Brother Leon Brought Home a (first issue, 1905), a short-lived Wife and other Stories (short quarterly published in Berkeley, story) California by Filipino pensionados 4. Juan C. Laya for His Native (or government scholars) Soil (novel) The UP College Folio (1st issue, 1910) The Japanese Period Ramon Magsaysay Award (Asia’s During the Japanese Occupation version of the Nobel Prize) when Tagalog was favoured by given to just three Filipinos for their the Japanese Military authority, literary achievements: F. Sionil English writing was consigned to Jose, Nick Joaquin, and limbo. Bienvenido Lumbera After the war however, it picked up anew and claimed the fervor and What about Drama? drive for excellence that continue Dramatic writing to this day. never really took off due perhaps Stevan Javellana Without Seeing to the awareness by the writers, the Dawn (1947), the first postwar especially in the 1970s, of the novel in English, was published in implausibility and severe limitations the USA. of using English on stage (coupled Against a background marked by with the popularity of vaudeville). political unrest and government battles with Hukbalahap guerrillas, *Nevertheless, theater in English writers in English in the postwar continues to be presented through period honed their sense of craft Broadway adaptations and the like by and techniques: Repertory Philippines and other small ❖ Nick Joaquin drama groups. ❖ NVM Gonzalez ❖ Carlos Bulosan F. Sionil Jose ❖ Kerima Polotan Tuvera ❖ Amador Daguio ❖ Estrella Alfon ❖ Bienvenido Santos ❖ Alejandro Roces ❖ Gilda Cordero-Fernando Existing Awards and Recognition Carlos Palanca Memorial Awards instituted in 1950 and became synonymous with quality literature and the new writer’s rite of passage to fame National Artist Awards for Literature given only tothe following writers: Amado V. Hernandez and Jose Garcia Villa (1973); Nick Joaquin (1976); Carlos P. Romulo (1982); Francisco Arcellana (1990); NVM Gonzalez, Rolando Tinio (1997); and Edith Tiempo (2000)