Philippine Literature PDF

Philippine Literature Basic Elements of a story 1. Plot Exposition Rising Action Climax Falling Action Resolution/ Denouement 2. Theme 3. Settings 4. Style (Unique way of the Author on how he manage/ handle words) Diction Syntax Length Elements of Po...

Philippine Literature Basic Elements of a story 1. Plot Exposition Rising Action Climax Falling Action Resolution/ Denouement 2. Theme 3. Settings 4. Style (Unique way of the Author on how he manage/ handle words) Diction Syntax Length Elements of Poetry 1. Speaker - Narrative voice of the poem ( Persona) 2. Audience - People to whom the speaker is talking 3. Content- subject or idea that poem is concern or presented theme - Generalized idea / continuously developing throughout the story Shape/ form ( Line/ length) (Henry - shortest poem ) Tone ( Attitude you feel in it) Imagery ( Object to create comparisons to have a visual experience for the reader) - The Ant Boris Bryan  MOOD - The atmosphere or emotional effect generated by the words, images, situations. Example: joyous, melancholic, tense and so on. TONE - The attitude of the narrator or the persona of the work. IMAGERY - These appeals to the senses. THEME - The central, dominating revolving idea in a literary work. (note: Theme is not a quote or a moral lesson) SYMBOLISM - stand for something other than themselves. They reoccur in the duration of the story. Diction - Speakers Vocabulary ( distinctive choice/ style/ expression) Figurative languages are words or phrases that depart from literal meaning to achieve fresh, image-driven, and heightened meaning. uses words in some way other than for their literal meanings to make a comparison, add emphasis, or say something in a fresh and creative way. Type of language that Barrie's from the norms of literal language but the same meaning Imaginative pleasure Way of bringing additional imagery into verses making abstract to concrete, making poetry sensure 9 Figurative speech 1. Allusion-a brief and indirect reference to a person, place, thing or idea of biblical, historical, cultural,literary or political significance. -Ex. The pendulum ( After Palanan by Angel Rene Iturralde) Is a thing of thread To nervous persons like me It reminds me of a swaying Iscariot-  Suspended from a tree. 2. Anti-Thesis - Figure of speech which 2 contradicting or competing words / phrase/ Juxtaposed. - - As she pleases by Rina Garcia Chua 3. Apostrophes -is a direct address to someone absent, dead, or inanimate. - Ex. Like the sampaguita (The Sampaguita by Natividad Marquez) With wandering eye Did a tiny fairy Drop where you lie? 4. Asyndeton- asyndeton omits conjunctions between words, phrases, or clauses. 5. Chiasmus - A concept are reportedly in reverse 2nor more clause are related to each other through reversal of structure display in inverter paralism 6. Hyperbole - from a Greek word meaning "over casting," is a figure of speech that involves an exaggeration of ideas for the sake of emphasis. - Ex. (Lines from The Rural Maid by Fernando M. Maramang) I know not what to name thy charms, Thou art half human, half divine: And if I could hold thee in my arms, I know both heaven and earth were mine.  7. Irony- a figure of speech in which words are used in such a way that their intended meaning is different from the actual meaning of the words. - Ex. (Lines from To a Dog by Florizel Diaz). if all these men whose heads are with the stars, Who dream unceasingly of blazing royalty, Will only strive to be like you. A dweller of the sod with the heart of loyalty! 8. Litotes - a figure of speech that employs an understatement by using double negatives or, in other words, a positive statement expressed by negating its opposite expressions. - Consisting of an ironical understatement in which affirmative is express by the negation they opposed. 9. Metaphor A metaphor is a figure of speech in which an implicit comparison is made between two things essentially unlike that actually have something in common. - Ex: (The Spinster By Luis G. Dato) The dove, when newly hatched, Has tasty meat and tender; When old, how’ver you stew her, You cannot rend her. 10. Metonymy - A metonymy is a figure of speech in which the name of one object is replaced by another which is closely associated with it. -Ex Revolve from hymen By Angela Manalang-Gloria The things I planned and wanted so Held off my bidding like a foe:  A pat, white feathers in my hair, Applause, a scandalous affair. The things I did not want at all Now hold my body to my soul: Conscience, an empty diary, A son, and self-sufficiency. Having the things that passed me by Would I be nearer to the sky? And stripped of all that I now Would I be farther from the grave? 11. Oxymoron - A figure of speech in which 2 opposing Ideas are joined to create an effect. - Poem 130 ( Jose Garcia Villia) 12.Paradox -A paradox is a statement or situation containing apparently contradictory or incompatible elements. At first reading, paradox seems unintelligible or absurd but at a closer reading, it can communicate real truth. - A self contradicting statement that are both true but in general can't be true at the same time. - Ex: Paradox By A.E. Litiatco My dear, my dear, canst thou resolve for me This paradox of love concerning thee: Mine eyes, when opened, with thy beauty fill - But when they're closed they see thee better still. 13.Personification -figure of speech in which an idea or thing is given human attributes and feelings or is spoken of as if it were human. - Long Virgil ( Alfredo Cuenca Jr.)