PHARMA-PT-WEEK-3-DRUG-ADMINISTRATION (1).pdf

PHARMA PT PRELIMS PHARMA 311 BSPT 3-Y1-2...

PHARMA PT PRELIMS PHARMA 311 BSPT 3-Y1-2 OLFU - CPT S.Y. 2023-2024 AUTHORIZED HEALTH PERSONNEL SHOULD KNOW WEEK 3: DRUG ADMINISTRATION WHY THE MEDS IS GIVEN: Expected Action TOPIC OUTLINE Dosing Proper Dilution Route and Rate of Administration I. Legal and Ethical Considerations Minor Side E ects II. Policy Statement For Medication Administration Adverse E ect to Report III. Forms of Medication Contraindication IV. Forms of Documentation If in IV: Same Syringe and Site Compatibility. V. Drug Distribution System VI. Drug Order VII. Types of Medication Orders VIII. Rights of Drug Administration IX. Drug Computation LEGAL AND ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS APTA GUIDE FOR PROFESSIONAL CONTACT Intended to serve physical therapists in interpreting the Code of Ethics for the Physical Therapist (Code of Ethics) of the American Physical Therapy Association (APTA) in matters of professional conduct. EMPLOYMENT Standards Guidelines POLICY STATEMENT FOR MEDICATION ADMINISTRATION Educational Requirement. Approved list of IV and medication that nurse can start or add into an existing infusion. List of restricted medication. List of abbreviation. BEFORE ADMINISTERING MEDICATION Current License Clear Policy Medication Order LABG Page 1 of 7 ff ff  PHARMA PT PRELIMS PHARMA 311 BSPT 3-Y1-2 OLFU - CPT S.Y. 2023-2024 COMMON ABBREVIATIONS FORMS OF MEDICATION oz Ounze Capsules tab Tablet Tablets Soft Gell Capsules cap Capsule Syrups, Capsules & Enteric Coated Tablets SL Sublingual FORMS OF DOCUMENTATION PATIENT CHART Primary source of information that is necessary in patients assessment for the nurse to create and implement plans for patient care. DOCUMENTATION COMMON ABBREVIATIONS Nursing assessment done. Observations reported to physician. EC Enteric Coated Basic nursing measures implemented. meq Milli Equivalent Patient teaching performed. Observed response to therapy. supp Suppository sol Solution CONTENTS OF THE PATIENT CHART s Without Consultation Report. Other Diagnostic Reports. p Post Medication Administration Record MAR / Medication Pro le. c With PRN /Unscheduled Medication Records. Case Management. x Times Patient Education Record. OU Both Eye OS Left Eye OD Right Eye prn As needed tsp Teaspoon Tbsp Tablespoon LABG Page 2 of 7 fi  PHARMA PT PRELIMS PHARMA 311 BSPT 3-Y1-2 OLFU - CPT S.Y. 2023-2024 KARDEX RECORD PYXIS System Is an automated medication dispensing system Large index-type card usually kept in a ip le or supporting decentralized medication management. It separate holder that contains pertinent information Patient’s Name helps clinicians safely and efficiently dispense Diagnosis medications while offering enterprise-ready Alleries integration. Schedules of Current Medication with Stop Date Treatment Nursing Care Plan Narcotic Control System Used for controlled substances and are rigidly enforced. DRUG DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM Hospital and long term health care facilities. Single unit package and are locked. Floor or Ward Stock System Individual Prescription Order System Computer Controlled Dispensing System DRUG ORDER Unit Dose System Stat Order Long Term Care Unit Dose System Used for emergency basis. Narcotic Control System Administer as soon as possible only once given. Individual Prescription Order System Singe Order Medications are dispense from the pharmacy upon Administer at a certain time but only once. receipt of the prescription or drug order for an individual patient Standing Order Pharmacist give 3-5 days supply in a bottle. Medication is to be given for specified number of In the ward, medicine are place in medication doses. container for the patient. Disadvantage - Time Consuming. Renewal Order Must be written and signed by the physician. Computer Controlled Dispensing System Newer system for medicine ordering and PRN Order medication. Administered if needed. Supplied by pharmacy daily, stock with single unit packages of medicines. Safest and most economical in hospital and long TYPES OF MEDICATION ORDERS term care facilities. Verbal Orders Doctor must cosign and date the order, usually within 24 hours. Electronic Transmission of Patient Orders Fax LABG Page 3 of 7 fl fi  PHARMA PT PRELIMS PHARMA 311 BSPT 3-Y1-2 OLFU - CPT S.Y. 2023-2024 MEDICATION ERRORS RIGHTS OF DRUG ADMINISTRATION Defined as any errors in the medication process, RIGHT CLIENT including prescribing errors, transcription / order RIGHT DOSE communication, dispensing errors, administration RIGHT TIME errors, and errors of monitoring or education for RIGHT DRUG proper use. RIGHT ROUTE RIGHT DOCUMENTATION Prescribing Errors RIGHT ASSESSMENT Suboptimal drug therapy decisions. CLIENT’S RIGHT TO EDUCATION Drug for patient with known allergy. RIGHT EVALUATION Incorrect dose for diagnosis. CLIENT’S RIGHT TO REFUSE Unauthorized drug prescribed. The Right Medication Transcription Errors Authorized Health Personnel does this 3 times: Misinterpretation/misunderstanding of drug ordered A. Before removing the container from the drawer or or directions. shelf. Illegible handwriting. B. As the amount of medication ordered is removed Unapproved abbreviations. from the container. Omission of orders. C. Before returning the container to the storage. Dispensing Right Dose Wrong drug or dose sent to nursing unit. When performing medication calculation or Wrong formulation or dosage form. conversions, the nurse should have another. Administration Right Client Incorrect dose given. An important step in administering medication Extra dose given or missed dose. safely is being sure the medication is given to the Wrong administration time. right client. Incorrect administration technique. A. To identify the client correctly. B. The nurse check the medication administration Monitoring form against the client’s identification bracelet and Suboptimal monitoring. asks the client to state his or her name to ensure Suboptimal assessments of drug response / revision the client’s identification bracelet has the correct of regimen. information. Suboptimal patient education. LABG Page 4 of 7  PHARMA PT PRELIMS PHARMA 311 BSPT 3-Y1-2 OLFU - CPT S.Y. 2023-2024 Right Route F. To receive appropriate supportive therapy in If a prescriber’s order does nor designate a route of relation to medication therapy. administration, the nurse consult the prescriber. G. To not receive unnecessary medications. Likewise, if the specified route is not recommended, the nurse should alert the prescriber immediately. I. Practice Asepsis Wash hand before and after preparing the medication Right Time to reduce transfer of microorganisms. A. The Authorized Health Personnel must know why a medication is ordered for certain times of the day II. Authorized Health Personnel who Administer the and whether the time schedule can be altered. Medications are Responsible for their Own Action B. Each institution has are commended time schedule Question any order that you considered incorrect for medications ordered at frequent interval. (may be unclear or appropriate). C. Medication that must act at certain times are given priority (e.g insulin should be given at a precise III. Be Knowledgeable about the Medication that you interval before a meal). Administer “A FUNDAMENTAL RULE OF SAFE DRUG Right Documentation ADMINISTRATION IS: NEVER ADMINISTER AN Documentation is an important part of safe UNFAMILIAR MEDICATION” medication administration. A. The documentation for the medication should IV. Keep the Narcotics in Locked Place clearly reflect the client’s name, the name of the V. Use only Medications that are in Clearly Labeled ordered medication, the time, dose, route and Containers frequency. Relabelling of drugs are the responsibility of the B. Sign medication sheet immediately after pharmacist. administration of the drug. VI. Return Liquid that are Cloudy in Color to the Client’s Right Related to Medication Pharmacy Administration VII. Before Administering Medication, Identify the A client has the following rights: Client Correctly A. To be informed of the medication’s name, purpose, action, and potential undesired effects. VIII. Do not Leave the Medication at the Bedside B. To refuse a medication regardless of the Stay with the client until he actually takes the consequences. medications. C. To have a qualified Health Personnel assess medication history, including allergies. IX. The Health Personnel who Prepares the Drug D. To be properly advised of the experimental nature Administers it of medication therapy and to give written consent Only the health personnel prepares the drug knows for its use. what the drug is. Do not accept endorsement of E. To received labeled medications safely without medication. discomfort in accordance with the six rights of medication administration. LABG Page 5 of 7  PHARMA PT PRELIMS PHARMA 311 BSPT 3-Y1-2 OLFU - CPT S.Y. 2023-2024 X. If the Client Vomits after Taking the Medication Report this to the nurse in-charge or physician. XI. Preoperative Medications Usually discontinued during the postoperative period unless ordered to be continued. XII. When a Medication is Omitted for any Reason, Record the Fact Together with the Reason. XIII. When the Medication Error is Made, Report it Immediately to the Nurse In-charge or Physician. To Implement Necessary Measures Immediately. This may Prevent any Adverse Effects of the Drug. RIGHT ROUTE DRUG COMPUTATION There are several routes for administration of drugs. 11 GOLDEN RULES FOR ADMINISTERING DRUG SAFELY Always make sure that you are using the right route. By mouth (orally), in pills, Capsules or Liquids. 1. Administer the right drug By injection (parentally), Into the body tissues by a 2. Administer the right drug to the right patient needle and syringe. 3. Administer the right dose On a certain area (topically), Applied to the skin or 4. Administer the right drug by the right route mucous membrane In the eve or ear. 5. Administer the right drug at the right time Into the rectum (rectally), In suppositories or by 6. Document each drug you administer inserting some fluid. 7. Teach your patient about the drug he is receiving 8. Take a complete patient drug history 9. Find out if the patient has any drug allergies RIGHT PATIENT 10. Be aware of potential drug-drug or drug food interaction Check the patient's identification band. 11. Right attitude Check the tag on the patient's bed. Ask the patient to state his/her name. Ask parents to tell you the name of their child. THE RIGHT MEDICATION Address the person by name before administering the medication. Carefully checked the order. Always double check orders which the patient Checked the medication card against the order. questions. Compare the label on the medication bottle with the patient's medication card. Do not administer a medication someone else has prepared. LABG Page 6 of 7  PHARMA PT PRELIMS PHARMA 311 BSPT 3-Y1-2 OLFU - CPT S.Y. 2023-2024 RIGHT TIME INJECTIONS INTO THE MUSCLE To achieve maximum therapeutic effectiveness, Ventrogluteal Site medications are scheduled to be administered at Dorsogluteal Site specific times. Anterolateral Thigh / Vastus Lateralis The nurse should adhere, as closely as possible, to Deltoid Muscle the scheduled time(s) of administration. Spreading the Skin at Ventrogluteal Site Inserting Needle in the Ventrogluteal Site RIGHT MANNER Aspirating Injecting Medication Be sure you know the prescribed route by which a Applying Pressure at the Injection Site medication is to be administered. Always gain the patient's cooperation before attempting to administer a dose of medication. THE END!!! Administration of medications must always consider the patient’s developmental level. The nurse must know what vehicles may be used with various drugs. To achieve maximum effectiveness and patient well being, it is important to plan the order in which the medications are administered. 1. Comparing medication with Kardex or order. 2. Measuring at Eye level. 3. Checking Patient identity. 4. Observing Patient swallowing medication. 5. Documenting medication administration. INJECTIONS INTO THE SKIN Holding Forearm Skin Taut. Inserting the Needle Almost Level with the Skin Observing for Wheal while Injecting Medication. Marking Injection Site. LABG Page 7 of 7