Personal Development PDF

PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT KNOWING ONESELF –
CHARACTERISTICS, HABITS & EXPERIENCES


Now let us focus on when and how our characteristics, habits, and experiences develop and manifest by identifying some of the factors that may affect a person’s “self” -- the foundation of all human behavior. It i...

PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT KNOWING ONESELF –
CHARACTERISTICS, HABITS & EXPERIENCES


Now let us focus on when and how our characteristics, habits, and experiences develop and manifest by identifying some of the factors that may affect a person’s “self” -- the foundation of all human behavior. It is our sense of identity and of who we are as an individual (james 1890; mead, 1934). SELF-ESTEEM Self-esteem is your evaluation of your own worth. It may be positive or negative. Positive self-esteem is the valuation that is pleasing and acceptable according to your standard and that of others, while negative self-esteem is the opposite which is feeling distraught or down and unaccepted by others. According to Tafarodi & Swann (1995), there are many factors to identify the level of self-esteem of an individual and some of the major factors are: - own appearance - how satisfied you are in a relationship; and - how you view your performance. SELF-EFFICACY Self-efficacy is not considered as a trait. “[It] does not refer to your abilities but rather to your beliefs about what you can do with your abilities” (Stajkovic & Luthans, 1998). It is your will to produce an effect on a specific thing. It is your self -belief to effectively achieve your most important goal. The stronger the belief, the bigger the possibility to achieve a positive result. For instance, you are aiming for a higher grade and you are confidently believing it then, it will happen. Maddux and kleiman (2000) define and explain the five (5) different ways that influenced self-efficacy beliefs from the ideas of albert badura, a professor and a psychologist. 1. Performance Experiences – if you are good at achieving your specific goal, then you probably think that you will achieve it again. When the opposite happens, if you fail, you will often think that you will fail again Maddux and kleiman (2000) define and explain the five (5) different ways that influenced self-efficacy beliefs from the ideas of albert badura, a professor and a psychologist. 2. Vicarious Performances – if others achieved their goal or specific task, then you will come to believe that you will also achieve your goal. Maddux and kleiman (2000) define and explain the five (5) different ways that influenced self-efficacy beliefs from the ideas of albert badura, a professor and a psychologist. 3. Verbal Persuasion – it is when people tell you whether they believe or not on what you can do or cannot do. The effect of your self-efficacy will depend on how that person matters to you. Maddux and kleiman (2000) define and explain the five (5) different ways that influenced self-efficacy beliefs from the ideas of albert badura, a professor and a psychologist. 4. Imaginal Performances – When you imagine yourself doing well, then it will happen. Maddux and kleiman (2000) define and explain the five (5) different ways that influenced self-efficacy beliefs from the ideas of albert badura, a professor and a psychologist. 5. The Affective States & Physical Sensations – if your mood or emotion (e.g. shame) and physical state (e.g. shaking) come together, it will affect your self-efficacy. If negative mood connects with negative physical sensation, the result will be negative. And if it is positive, most likely the result will be positive. ACTIVITY: KNOWING ONESELF – STRENGTHS AND LIMITATIONS

Imagine yourself looking into a mirror. What do you see? Do you see your ideal self or your actual self? KNOWING ONESELF – STRENGTHS AND LIMITATIONS

SELF-CONCEPT – refers to your awareness of yourself. 2 BROAD CATEGORIES OF SELF-CONCEPT 1. IDEAL SELF 2. ACTUAL SELF IDEAL SELF - is the self that you aspire to be. It is the one that you hope will possess characteristics similar to that of a mentor or some other worldly figure. The ideal self, on the other hand, is how we want to be. It is an idealized image that we have developed over time, based on what we have learned and experienced. - The ideal self could include components of what our parents have taught us, what we admire in others, what our society promotes, and what we think is in our best interest ACTUAL SELF - is the one that you actually see. It is the self that has characteristics that you were nurtured or, in some cases, born to have. - The actual self is who we actually are. It is how we think, how we feel, look, and act. It can be seen by others, but because we have no way of truly knowing how others view us, the actual self is our self-image. SELF AND
Imagine yourself looking into a mirror. What do you see? Do IDENTITY you see your ideal self or your actual self? Accordingto William James, a psychologist, “the self is what happens when I reflect upon ME". Taylor (1989) described the self as a Reflective Project. How we see ourselves is geared toward improving ourselves depending on a lot of factors.  SELF-IDENTITY Dan McAdam, a psychologist, reiterated that even there are many ways on how we reflect to improve ourselves, it brings us back to these three (3) categories: 1. Self as Social Actor o We are portraying different roles and behaving for every type/set of people in front of us since we all care about what people think about us. It is practically for social acceptance. 2. Self as Motivated Agent o People act based on their purpose. They do things based on their own dreams, desires, and planned goals for the future. This, though, is not easily identifiable since it is self- conceptualized, unless it was shared with us. 3. Self as Autobiographical Author o He/she as the creator of his/her own entire life story. It is about how oneself is developed from his/her past, up to the present, and what he/she will become in the future.  In self, an individual, is expected to act and decide on his/her own Most people tend to decide based on the intuitions and available information that could be a hindrance in making a wise decision. Six Steps on How to Make a Rational Decision: 1. Define the Problem, 2. Identify the criteria necessary to judge the multiple options, 3. Weight the criteria, 4. generates alternatives, 5. rate each alternative on each criterion, and 6. change the optimal decision. Knowing oneself basically is an advantage to understand the inner and outer you. But understanding why every person is unique ignites our tolerance and acceptance with each other. Uniqueness defined as:  Being the only one or SOLE.  A person who has distinct characteristics.  The quality of being unique or unusual in some special way.  A state or condition wherein someone or something is unlike anything else in comparison.  10 Things that Makes a Person Unique (Jack Nollan (2020) of A Conscious Rethink.com.) 1. PERSONALITY that stretches from the day a person started to see and experienced life in the world leading to gathering information, knowledge, acquiring skills, possessing emotional responses, and making choices differently from other people;  2. ATTITUDE that becomes the anchor of becoming either positive or negative in life, perceiving how people acts in front of you, and an offshoot of your emotional landscape;  3. EXPERIENCES that shapes you on how you act and behave today. If you experienced negative, you tend to behave anxious or defensive however some would deal with it as a motivator while experiencing positive improves your senses in understanding the world;  4. HABITS that normally we do in every day of our lives such as our eating habit, personal hygiene practices, meditation exercises, and trying new things. Cliché’ but as they always say and globally accepted and favored, “You are what you do, not what you say you’ll do” and that makes you unique from other;  5. CREATIVITY such as dancing, painting, singing, producing useful things out of scrap materials, defining beauty in a different way and perspective makes you unique;  6. PERSPECTIVE saying that no other people understands the world as you do because they do not live like exactly 24 hours beside you, your experience is not the same with others, your body of knowledge is not the same as with you, that is why the gaps are filled from each own unique perspective to continue develop and improve;  7. TASTE that is a unique facet of you because you have different likes and dislikes from other people;  8. GOALS that are set in different manners depending on how you create steps and procedures in achieving those;  9. HOBIES that improves your personal growth and mental health such as gardening, cooking, and gaming;  10. PASSION that provides direction toward a goal or experience that will allow us to leave a unique mark in this world such as involvement in philanthropic activities like giving and supporting in-need people. ACTIVITY: 1. How would you interpret the line in connection to cyber bullying? Do you agree with it? Give concrete situation to justify your answer. 2. Visualize the situation being presented by the author. 3. In what certain scenario do you think would this line be applicable?