Personal Development Reviewer PDF

Personal Development Reviewer *SELF Definition - is the union of elements namely: body, thoughts, feelings or emotions, and sensation that constitute the individuality and identity of a person. Goal - reach your full potential Defining the concept of the self 1. Body - physical attribute 2...

Personal Development Reviewer *SELF Definition - is the union of elements namely: body, thoughts, feelings or emotions, and sensation that constitute the individuality and identity of a person. Goal - reach your full potential Defining the concept of the self 1. Body - physical attribute 2. Thoughts - thinking and perceiving things 3. Emotions and Sensations - act and behave Self concept - Is a general term used to refer to how someone thinks about, evaluates, or perceives themselves. - To be aware of oneself is to have a concept of oneself. Under self concept 1. Ideal self - is the self that you aspire to be - Learned and experienced 2. Actual Self - is the one that you actually see - Self-knowledge - Self-image Incongruent - The self-image and ideal self are different. There is little to no overlap Congruent - The self-image and ideal self are similar to each other. There is an overlap Self-esteem - Is how we value or recognize ourselves. - It is based on one’s own opinion or belief of himself/herself and sometimes is difficult to change. Some alternative ways to get to know yourself 1. Get to know your personality 2. Get to know your core values 3. Get to know your body 4. Get to know your dreams 5. Get to know your likes and dislikes Personal Strengths & Limitation Strength - is what you do best and where your genuine talents are, concentrate on using that strength to the fullest if you want to live a comfortable life. Limitation - are those attributes that you will have difficulty doing. Acceptance - is recognizing the reality of what is. - bbm inday sarah Three components of personality Author is Sigmund Freud 1. ID - Driven by pleasure principle 2. Ego - Reality Principle 3. Superego - Moral judgement Example : An example of the id is a toddler that wanted a second helping of a dessert and whined until it was given to them. An example of the ego is someone who works out and is very sweaty. They need to change their clothes and want to change in the car. They knew that anyone could see them changing their clothes, so they decided to find another place to do so. An example of the superego is a cross country runner, during a race, who knew they could cut their time and come in first if they took a shortcut. No one was watching but the runner would feel guilty, so they decided not to take the short cut. Intelligence? Albert Einstein - “ The true sign of intelligence is not knowledge but imagination “ Socrates - “ I know that I am intelligent, because I know that I know nothing. “ Intellectual Development - Means the growth of child’s ability to think and reason - It’s about how they organize their minds, ideas, and thought to make sense of the world they live in Jean Piaget - A swiss psychologist and the author of “Four Major Stages of Cognitive Development” 1. Sensory Motor : Age - Birth to 2 years old Development - Infants discover relationships between actions, they learn to grasp and push. 2. Pre-Operational : Age - 2 to 7 years old Development - learn to use language, develop memory and imagination , thinks based on their intuition and lack of logic 3. Concrete Operational Age - 7 to 10 years old Development - starts thinking logically and awareness of external events is increasing 4. Formal Operational Age - 11 years old until the day you die Development - thinks abstractly , formulate hypothesis, and use of deductive logic or reasoning Important Cognitive Development Concepts Schema - is a cognitive framework or concept that helps individuals organize and interpret information. Assimilation - The process of taking in new information into our already existing schemas Accomodation - is the ability to change existing schemas considering new information. Equilibrium - A state of cognitive balance when a person’s experience is in line with their understanding of the world. Erik Erikson - 8 stages of Psychological Development Stage Basic Conflict Virtue Description Infancy Trust vs Mistrust Hope Trust (or mistrust) Infant - 1 year that basic needs, such as nourishment and affection, will be met Early Childhood Autonomy vs Will Develop a sense of 1-3 years shame/doubt independence in many tasks Play age Initiative vs guilt Purpose Take initiative on 3-6 years some activities-may develop guilt when unsuccessful or boundaries overstepped School age Industry vs Competence Develop 7-11 years inferiority self-confidence in abilities when competent or sense of inferiority when not Adolescence Identity vs Fidelity Experiment with 12-18 years confusion and develop identity and roles  Early adulthood Intimacy vs Love Establish intimacy 19-29 years isolation and relationships with others Middle age Generativity vs Care Contribute to 30-64 years stagnation society and be part of a family Old age Integrity vs despair Wisdom Assess and make 65 onwards sense of life and meaning of contributions Socialization The agencies of socialization Family ○ Primary agent of socialization. School ○ Expose individuals to structures learning environment. ○ Help develop cognitive skills. ○ Impart societal norms and values. Peers ○ Are similar age and social status. ○ allow to learn about social dynamics, develop communication skills. Church ○ Teach individuals about spiritual beliefs, moral values, and ethical codes. Government ○ Broader the concept of citizenship, civic duties and societal governance. Social/Mass Media ○ Perceive the world around them. ○ Shape values, beliefs, attitudes, and even political opinions. Key Component of Moral Development Morality - Principles and values that guide individuals in distinguishing right from wrong, good from bad Moral Reasoning - refers to the cognitive processes that individuals use to make ethical decisions. Moral Development Theory - Laurence Kohlberg Universal Principles Social Contract - POST-CONVENTIONAL Moral reasoning based on Personal Ethics Law and Order Order Good boy-Good girl - CONVENTIONAL Moral reasoning based on External Ethics Individualism and Exchange Obedience and Punishment - PRE-CONVENTIONAL Moral reasoning based on Punishment and Reward Pre-conventional: People follow rules to avoid punishment or gain rewards. (Example: A child behaves well to avoid being scolded.) Conventional: People follow rules to be seen as good or to maintain order. (Example: A teenager follows rules to please others or follow the law.) Post-conventional: People follow their own ethical principles, even if it goes against rules. (Example: An adult does what they believe is right, even if it's against the law.) DI NA KASAMA TO TANG INA ay weh? aaralin kona e -jj Tatlong (de apat) Author na kasama dito Jean Piaget - Cognitive Development Erik Erikson - 8 stages of psychological development Sigmund freud - three components of personality Laurence Kohlberg - moral development theory Common Moral Values COMPASSION AND EMPATHY - Understanding and caring about the feelings and needs of others and taking action to help and support them. JUSTICE AND FAIRNESS - Treating all individuals impartially and equitably and advocating for equal opportunities and treatment. Respect  - Treating others with consideration, fairness, and valuing their rights, beliefs, and opinions. Other Common Moral Values - Loyalty - Gratitude - Altruism - Accountability - Tolerance and Acceptance - Self - Discipline Infancy (Trust vs Mistrust): Infants develop trust when caregivers provide reliable care and affection, or mistrust if care is inconsistent. Early Childhood (Autonomy vs Shame/Doubt): Toddlers learn independence by making simple choices, but may feel shame or doubt if overly controlled. Play Age (Initiative vs Guilt): Young children assert power and control through play and social interactions, but may feel guilty if they overstep boundaries. School Age (Industry vs Inferiority): Children develop a sense of competence by mastering new skills, but may feel inferior if they struggle to succeed. Adolescence (Identity vs Confusion): Teens explore their identity and personal values, but can experience confusion if they fail to establish a clear sense of self. Early Adulthood (Intimacy vs Isolation): Young adults seek deep, meaningful relationships, but may feel isolated if they struggle to form close bonds. Middle Age (Generativity vs Stagnation): Adults focus on contributing to society and nurturing the next generation, or may feel unproductive and stuck. Old Age (Integrity vs Despair): In later life, people reflect on their lives with a sense of fulfillment or may experience regret and despair if they feel their life was wasted.