Challenges of Middle and Late Adolescence PDF

Challenges of Middle and Late Adolescence  KNOWING ONESELF As an individual, we commonly observe, and undeniably, judge other people‟s manners, beliefs, and lifestyle. However, it can be perceived, though, that most people find it hard to make good and sound evaluation toward...

Challenges of Middle and Late Adolescence  KNOWING ONESELF As an individual, we commonly observe, and undeniably, judge other people‟s manners, beliefs, and lifestyle. However, it can be perceived, though, that most people find it hard to make good and sound evaluation toward their own behavior, traits, and personality.  SELF-ESTEEM Self-esteem is your evaluation of your own worth. It may be positive or negative. Positive self-esteem is the valuation that is pleasing and acceptable according to your standard and that of others, while negative self- esteem is the opposite which is feeling distraught or down and unaccepted by others.  SELF-ESTEEM According to Tafarodi & Swann (1995), there are many factors to identify the level of self-esteem of an individual and some of the major factors are: - own appearance - how satisfied you are in a relationship; and - how you view your performance. Our self-esteem may change from time to time depending on the situation we encounter in our daily life. Since it can be partly a trait that someone can possess. It depends on how you perceive the things coming your way.  SELF-EFFICACY Self-efficacy is not considered as a trait. “[It] does not refer to your abilities but rather to your beliefs about what you can do with your abilities” (Stajkovic & Luthans, 1998). It is your will to produce an effect on a specific thing. It is your self-belief to effectively achieve your most important goal. The stronger the belief, the bigger the possibility to achieve a positive result. For instance, you are aiming for a higher grade and you are confidently believing it then, it will happen.  SELF-EFFICACY Maddux and Kleiman (2000) define and explain the five (5) different ways that influenced self-efficacy beliefs from the ideas of Albert Badura, a professor and a psychologist.  Performance Experiences – if you are good at achieving your specific goal, then you probably think that you will achieve it again. When the opposite happens, if you fail, you will often think that you will fail again.  SELF-EFFICACY Vicarious Performances – if others achieved their goal or specific task, then you will come to believe that you will also achieve your goal. Verbal Persuasion – it is when people tell you whether they believe or not on what you can do or cannot do. The effect of your self-efficacy will depend on how that person matters to you.  SELF-EFFICACY Imaginal Performances – When you imagine yourself doing well, then it will happen. The Affective States & Physical Sensations – if your mood or emotion (e.g. shame) and physical state (e.g. shaking) come together, it will affect your selfefficacy. If negative mood connects with negative physical sensation, the result will be negative. And if it is positive, most likely the result will be positive.  SELF AND IDENTIFY Have you tried to talk to yourself in front of the mirror? What did you see? According to William James, a psychologist, “the self is what happens when I reflect upon ME". Taylor (1989) described the self as a Reflective Project. How we see ourselves is geared toward improving ourselves depending on a lot of factors.  SELF AND IDENTIFY Dan McAdam, a psychologist, reiterated that even there are many ways on how we reflect to improve ourselves, it brings us back to these three (3) categories: 1. Self as Social Actor o We are portraying different roles and behaving for every type/set of people in front of us since we all care about what people think about us. It is practically for social acceptance.  SELF AND IDENTIFY 2. Self as Motivated Agent o People act based on their purpose. They do things based on their own dreams, desires, and planned goals for the future. This, though, is not easily identifiable since it is self- conceptualized, unless it was shared with us. 3. Self as Autobiographical Author o He/she as the creator of his/her own entire life story. It is about how oneself is developed from his/her past, up to the present, and what he/she will become in the future.  SELF AND IDENTIFY 2. Self as Motivated Agent o People act based on their purpose. They do things based on their own dreams, desires, and planned goals for the future. This, though, is not easily identifiable since it is self- conceptualized, unless it was shared with us. 3. Self as Autobiographical Author o He/she as the creator of his/her own entire life story. It is about how oneself is developed from his/her past, up to the present, and what he/she will become in the future. DEVELOPMENTAL TASK AND CHALLENGES OF ADOLESCENCE Adolescence is the period of development that begins at puberty and ends at emerging adulthood. During puberty stage, there are changes that occur in the body of a child. It is a natural process that everyone goes through. DEVELOPMENTAL TASK AND CHALLENGES OF ADOLESCENCE Adolescence is defined as the period between the normal onset of puberty and the beginning of adulthood. In the Oxford English Dictionary, it was derived from; late Middle English (as a noun): via French from Latin adolescent- ‘coming to maturity’, from adolescere, from ad- „to‟ + alescere „grow, grow up’, from alere „nourish‟. The adjective dates from the late 18th century.”  Adolescence is a stage in a young person‟s life in which they move from dependency on their parents to independence, autonomy, and maturity. The young person begins to move from the family as their major social system to his/her peers as a more appealing social group that might influence his/her adulthood and independence. Undeniably, biological, cognitive, psychological, social, moral, and spiritual changes could be both exciting and daunting for these may affect one‟s independence and perspectives in life. Consequently, oftentimes, it is the members of the family who take notice of these changes in patterns and behaviors.  MOST COMMON CHALLENGES THAT ADOLESCENTS EXPERIENCE Biological Challenges Adolescence begins with the first well-defined maturation event called puberty. Included in the biological challenges are the changes that occur due to the release of the sexual hormones that affect emotions. Mood changes can increase which can have an impact on relationships both at home with parents and siblings and peers at school.  MOST COMMON CHALLENGES THAT ADOLESCENTS EXPERIENCE Cognitive Challenges Piaget, in his Theory of Social Development, believed that adolescence is the time when young people develop cognitively from “concrete operations” to “formal operations”, so they are able to deal with ideas, concepts, and abstract theories. It 47 takes time to develop confidence using these newly acquired skills, and they may make mistakes in judgment. Learning through success and failure is part of the learning process for the adolescent.  MOST COMMON CHALLENGES THAT ADOLESCENTS EXPERIENCE Psychological Challenges The notable psychological challenge that the adolescent must cope with is moving from childhood to adulthood. A new person is emerging, thus, rules will change, and more responsibilities will be placed on him/her, so a certain standard of behavior is now required to be maintained. Accountability is becoming an expectation from both parental and legal concepts. Challenges of Middle and Late Adolescence Objectives: After going through this module, you are expected to: 1. Discuss developmental tasks and challenges being experienced during adolescence (EsP-PD11/12DS- Ic-3.1) 2. Evaluate one‟s development through the help of significant people around him/her (peers, parents, siblings, friends, teachers, community leaders) (EsP-PD11/12DS-Id-3.2)  RECOUNT YOUR METAMORPHOSIS Share your experience, How did you deal Situations thoughts, and with the changes? feelings Noticing your physical transformation Unfolding of your new role in the society Starting to get along with both sexes  INTRODUCING PAST AND PRESENT Relations with age mates of both sexes Past-Self Present-Self Social Role Relations with parents and other adults.  Adolescence stage is a milestone to all individuals since it serves as the metamorphosis in becoming an adult.  MIDDLE ADOLESCENCE During this stage, adolescents become morally aware (Morality refers to the beliefs about what is right behavior and what is wrong behavior). They have the potential ability for abstract thinking which is characterized by the ability to apply concepts and to create and comprehend generalizations. They also experience desire for independence, which is the freedom from the control or influence of other people.  LATE ADOLESCENCE During this stage, adolescents attain increased independence and emotional stability, which enables a person to manage her emotions and life. Adolescents also attain the ability to think about ideas logically, make plans, and gain a firm sense of identity (Identity refers to the set of qualities and beliefs that make one person or group different from others). They are also concerned with romantic relationships. STAGES OF HEALTHY ADOLESCENT DEVELOPMENT STAGE WITH AGE RANG MIDDLE ADOLESCENCE LATE ADOLESCENCE (AGES (APPROX) (AGES 15-17 YEARS) 18-21 YEARS) PHYSICAL GROWTH Secondary sexual Physical maturity and characteristics advanced 95% reproductive off and ending adult height reached INTELLECTUAL/ COGNITION Growth in abstract thought; Abstract thought established reverts to concrete thought Future oriented; able to under stress. Cause –effect understand, plan and pursue relationships better understood long range goals Philosophical Very self-absorbed and idealistic AUTONOMY Conflict with family Emancipation: predominates due to Vocational/ technical/ ambivalence about emerging college and/or work independence Adult lifestyle STAGES OF HEALTHY ADOLESCENT DEVELOPMENT STAGE WITH AGE RANG MIDDLE LATE ADOLESCENCE (APPROX) ADOLESCENCE (AGES 18-21 YEARS) (AGES 15-17 YEARS) BODY IMAGE Less concern about Usually comfortable with physical changes but body image increased interest in personal attractiveness Excessive physical activity alternating with lethargy PEER GROUP Strong peer alliances – Decision values less fad behaviors. influenced by peers Sexual drives emerge and Relates to individuals teens begin to explore more than to peer group ability to date and attract a Selection of partner based partner on individual preference STAGES OF HEALTHY ADOLESCENT DEVELOPMENT STAGE WITH AGE RANG MIDDLE ADOLESCENCE LATE ADOLESCENCE (APPROX) (AGES 15-17 YEARS) (AGES 18-21 YEARS) IDENTITY DEVELOPMENT Experimentation – sex, drugs, Pursue realistic vocational friends, jobs, risk-taking goals with training or career behavior employment Relate to family as adult Realizations of own limitations and mortality Establishment of sexual identity, sexual activity is more common Establishment of ethical and moral value system More capable of intimate, complex relationship  PROMOTING PHYSICAL HEALTH 1.Personal hygiene 2.Good grooming 3.Proper bearing and posture 4.Proper nutrition 5.Better sleep hours and clean environment  SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT  Personality as reiterated by Eric Erickson is a result of an individual‟s relationship with the significant others as he goes along performing his everyday tasks.  SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT  Merki (2020) stated that social health directly connotes relatedness with other people. These are the connections we establish with other groups of people. These are based on how one relates and acts which involves key skills of social health inclusive of communication, compromise and cooperation.  MENTAL DEVELOPMENT  Personality is never measured by external factors alone. Mental ability forms part and parcel of one‟s persona.  People differ in several ways. Intelligence is one element that separates one from all others of same demographics.  MENTAL DEVELOPMENT  All other things equal, individuals have the ability and even the skills to learn. These learning‟s whether significant or not becomes a basis for evaluating, analyzing and making decisions pertinent to their everyday dilemmas.  COGNITIVE PROBLEMS Memory problems Inability to concentrate Poor judgement  STUDY HABITS Following are ways to deal with the everyday physical, emotional, and intellectual requirements in the school. 1. Have the right mindset 2. Practice Zero Navigation when preparing for the coursework 3. Choose the proper venue for studying 4. Make a reviewer 5. Bring only the things that you need  MORALITY This is principle concerning how individuals distinguish what is right from what is wrong. Morality comes from the Latin word “moralitas” which denotes manner, character and proper behavior. It is the differentiation of intentions, decisions and actions between those that are distinguished as proper and those that are improper the disjunction between right and wrong.  EMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENT Positive Emotions A classification of pleasant emotion which may include happiness, excitement, joy, relief, triumph, jubilation. It connotes an expression where one finds himself smiling or laughing with a feel of “elation”. These come from positive experiences especially when one is able to attain or satisfy his expectations and desires.  EMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENT Negative Emotions A classification of emotion involving sadness, disgust, annoyance, anxiety, anger, jealousy, fear and the like. It is shown through facial expression that is manifested in an unhappy face, tears, discomfort, pain and even psychosomatic illness.  EMOTIONAL SYMPTOMS Moodiness Irritability or short temper Agitation, inability to relax Feeling overwhelmed Sense of loneliness and isolation Anxiety Constant worrying Depression or general unhappiness  ANXIETY The American Psychological Association (APA) defines Anxiety is an emotion characterized by feelings of tension, worried thoughts and physical changes like increased blood pressure. People with anxiety disorders usually have recurring intrusive thoughts or concerns. They may avoid certain situations out of worry. They may also have physical symptoms such as sweating, trembling, dizziness or a rapid heartbeat.  DEPRESSION Depression otherwise known as major depressive disorder or clinical depression is a common and serious mood disorder. Those who suffer from depression experience persistent feelings of sadness and hopelessness and lose interest in activities they once enjoyed. Aside from the emotional problems caused by depression, individuals can also present with a physical symptom such as chronic pain or digestive issues  DEPRESSION The five main warning signs of mental illness are as follows: 1. Excessive paranoia, worry, or anxiety. 2. Long-lasting sadness or irritability. 3. Extreme changes in moods. 4. Social withdrawal. 5. Dramatic changes in eating or sleeping pattern.  DEPRESSION Depression can be more than a constant state of sadness or feeling “blue.” Major depression can cause a variety of symptoms. Some affect your mood, and others affect your body. Symptoms may also be ongoing, or come and go  MEN MAY EXPERIENCE SYMPTOMS RELATED TO THEIR: Mood, such as anger, aggressiveness, irritability, anxiousness, restlessness Emotional well-being, such as feeling empty, sad, hopeless Behavior, such as loss of interest, no longer finding pleasure in favorite activities, feeling tired easily, thoughts of suicide, drinking excessively, using drugs, engaging in high-risk activities Sexual interest, such as reduced sexual desire, lack of sexual performance Cognitive abilities, such as inability to concentrate, difficulty completing tasks, delayed responses during conversations Sleep patterns, such as insomnia, restless sleep, excessive sleepiness, Physical well-being, such as fatigue, pains, headache, digestive problems  WOMEN MAY EXPERIENCE SYMPTOMS RELATED TO THEIR: Mood, such as irritability Emotional well-being, such as feeling sad or empty, anxious or hopeless Behavior, such as loss of interest in activities, withdrawing from social engagements, thoughts of suicide Cognitive abilities, such as thinking or talking more slowly Sleep patterns, such as difficulty sleeping through the night, waking early, sleeping too much Physical well-being, such as decreased energy, greater fatigue, changes in appetite, weight changes, aches, pain, headaches, increased cramps  BIPOLAR The American Psychological Association said that Bipolar disorder is a brain disorder that causes changes in a person's mood, energy, and ability to function. People with bipolar disorder experience intense emotional states that typically occur during distinct periods of days to weeks, called mood episodes.  EATING DISORDER Eating disorders are a range of psychological conditions that cause unhealthy eating habits to develop. They might start with an obsession with food, body weight, or body shape. Anorexia Nervosa An eating disorder that can result in severe weight loss. A person with anorexia is preoccupied with calorie intake and weight. Bulimia Nervosa An eating disorder, commonly referred to simply as bulimia. It‟s a serious condition that can be life-threatening. It‟s generally characterized by binge eating followed by purging. WHAT IS MENTAL HEALTH? According to World Health Organization “Mental health is a state of well-being in which an individual realizes his or her own abilities, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively, and is able to make a contribution to his or her community.”