First Quarter Lessons in Physical Education and Health III 2024-2025 PDF

FIRST QUARTER LESSONS Physical Education and Health III First Semester, School Year 2024-2025 Topics: Lesson 1: Introduction to Dance Lesson 2: Elements and Forms of Dance Lesson 3: History of Cheer Dance Lesson 4: Terminologies in Cheer Dance ...

FIRST QUARTER LESSONS Physical Education and Health III First Semester, School Year 2024-2025 Topics: Lesson 1: Introduction to Dance Lesson 2: Elements and Forms of Dance Lesson 3: History of Cheer Dance Lesson 4: Terminologies in Cheer Dance  LESSON 1: INTRODUCTION TO DANCE I. DEFINITIONS OF DANCE A. GENERAL DEFINITION a. It is the act of composing steps with grace, precision and facility to the time and beat of music using the body as its medium or tool. B. ACCORDING TO PROPONENTS a. According to Kassing (2007), dance is a performance art which offers a multimedia experience in which movement interacts with sound, costumes and lighting in the presence of an audience. b. According to Smith (2010), dance is a fundamental element of human behavior and has evolved over the years from primitive movement of the earliest civilization to traditional ethnic or folk style, to the classical ballet and modern genres popular today. c. According to Cone (2012), dance is a unique form of moving that holds various meanings for each individual, depending on how and why dance is a part of one’s life. d. According to Guha (2012), dance is an expression of self and emotion. It involves physicality of movement both bodily and facial. II. FACTS ABOUT DANCE 1. Dance was one of the primary methods of passing stories down from one generation to another. 2. Dance needs neither common race nor common language for communication; it has been, and remains a universal means of communication. 3. Dance is for all people. 4. Participation in dance promotes motor skill development and self-discovery, builds self-esteem, engages individuals in a positive opportunity to interact socially and increase cultural understanding. III. ORIGINS OF DANCE 1. Dances may have taken their origins from a precursor to ecstatic trance states in healing rituals. 2. Contemporary dance forms can be traced back to historical, traditional, ceremonial and ethnic dances. 3. Dances can be derived from a phenomenon or significant event particular to a group of people. IV. CHARACTERISTICS OF DANCE 1. Dance is composed of beautiful body poses and contrasted graceful posture of the body and its parts. 2. Dance is intentionally rhythmic and culturally patterned. 3. No dance form is permanent, definitive or ultimate. 4. In dance, changes occur but the basic element of dance endures. LESSON 2: ELEMENTS AND FORMS OF DANCE I. ELEMENTS OF DANCE A. GENERAL DEFINITION a. The elements are the ingredients of dance. b. Often one or two elements predominate in a dance but all elements are present. c. There are a total of 5 major elements of dance. d. Composed of Actions, Body, Relationship, Dynamics, and Space. B. FIVE ELEMENTS OF DANCE a. Actions are what the body is doing. Movement is a change of position in space which is governed by mechanical principles that limit the ability of an individual to move effectively and efficiently. b. Body is the instrument of dance. c. Relationship refers to the correspondence or connection between things, be the dancers to each other, dancers to objects or a dancer’s body part to each other. d. Dynamics describe how the body moves. It is an umbrella term and includes the factors which give movements various qualities. Therefore, dynamics is the element that gives dance its expressiveness. e. Space is where the body moves and considered as the medium of dance. C. CATEGORIES OF BODY MOVEMENTS a. Loco-Motor Movements – propel the mover around an area. b. Non-Loco-Motor Movements – are stationary or do not propel the mover around the area. c. Manipulative Skills – are actions in which the hands or feet handle equipment. a. Fine Motor Skills – involve the use of the hands and fingers (zipping coats, buttoning shirts, tying shoes etc.). b. Gross Motor Skills – involve the large muscle of the body and are most often associated with individual activities and team sports. D. FACTORS AFFECTING A DANCE PERFORMANCE a. Psychological Factors – fear, anxiety, and other mental phenomena affect movement either positively or negatively which may affect the performance of an individual. b. Physiological Factors – physical fitness and body built are two main concerns that affect human movement. c. Sociological Factors – relationship of the performer with a particular group and his social conformity and norms. E. BODY CONCEPTS a. Body parts – head, arms, hands, legs, feet, torso, elbows, wrists, shoulders, hips, knees and ankles. b. Body Zones – body areas of front, back, left side, right side, upper half, and lower half. c. Body Bases – whatever supports the rest of the body, for example the feet when standing and the knees when kneeling. F. DYNAMICS CONCEPTS a. Duration - the length of time needed to do a movement, duration is on a continuum of very short to very long. b. Energy - the muscular tension used to move, energy is on a continuum of a little to a lot. c. Even - movements of equal duration; for example, walks rhythm. d. Uneven - movements of unequal duration; for example, skips rhythm. e. Quality - characteristics of a movement; for example, strong or light. Examples are swinging, percussive, sustained, vibratory, collapsing, and suspension. f. Speed - velocity of movements; speed is on a continuum of very slow to very fast. g. Time – refers to tempo or rhythm. It can be slow or fast and a succession of muscular relaxation and rest (rhythm). G. SPACE CONCEPTS a. General – the entire dance area. b. Personal – the space reached while stationary. c. Directions – forward, backward, sideways, upwards or downward. d. Focus – where the eyes or the intention of the movement is directed. e. Level – high, middle, low or deep. f. Pathways – the patterns or design made in the air or on the floor by the person’s movements, pathways appear as straight lines, curved lines or combinations of straight and curved lines. g. Shape – the design of the body’s position. h. Size – the magnitude of the body shape or movement, size is on a continuum of small to large. II. FORMS OF DANCE a. Classical Dance is a dance with standardized rules and restrictions. It can be religious-related dance or for court and royal entertainment. b. Classical Ballet is a dance of supreme standards learned from an academy. Ballet used to be a court dance that developed into a highly stylized theatre art that it is today. It had its beginning in Italy, developed and nurtured in France and perfected in Russia. c. Modern Dance is a deviation from the principles of classical ballet developed by Isadora Duncan. It developed in Germany and the USA. It is characterized by the natural and true expression of the human body and soul. This dance attempts to express an idea without setting rules as to how the idea is to be conveyed. d. Contemporary Dance is a combination of ballet and modern dance. e. Ethnic and Tribal dance is a dance particularly found in a group of people living together in a locality with common beliefs and customs. f. Recreational Dance: Includes dance mixers, square dancing and round and couple dances. g. Social and Ballroom dance includes all dance forms which bring individuals together in dances designed for group participation and enjoyment. A dance set in a social gathering with a more formal atmosphere than the simple and informal parties in which the recreational dances are the usual forms. This is usually held in the evenings and participants are usually in formal attire for the purpose of recreation and entertainment. It is usually accompanied by popular music. h. Creative Dance is the highest form of dance for the purpose of entertainment. It is the end product of movement exploration and improvisation as the dancer or choreographer expresses his/her feelings, ideas and interpretation. The principles of an art form are all observed in the composition of this dance. i. Popular Dance is highly recognized as a dance form in television and other dance centers like disco houses and social gatherings. j. Dance sports is an international ballroom competition consisting of two categories namely the: a. Modern Standard Category i. Tango, Foxtrot, Waltz, Viennese Waltz and Quickstep b. Latin American Category i. Chachacha, Rumba, Paso Doble, Jive and Samba k. Folk Dances are traditional dances of a specific folk, handed from generation to generation in the manner of all traditions. These dances are usually native to one group of people who developed them based on their daily activities. These are social expressions of the mores, thoughts, lifestyles, practices and feelings of a people through bodily movements. These are the outbursts of people’s feelings. A folk dance is the heartbeat of the people.  LESSON 3: INTRODUCTION TO CHEER DANCE I. HISTORY OF CHEER DANCE ✓ Emphasis: People and their Significant Contributions o Thomas Peebles – a graduate of Princeton University who took the Princeton cheers to the University of Minnesota, where football and fight songs were becoming very popular. o Johnny Campbell – a medical student who picked up a megaphone and rallied the team to victory with the first organized cheer. o Lawrence “Herkie” Herkimer – a Southern Methodist University cheerleader who held the first summer cheerleading clinic. o Jeff Webb – the general manager of NCA in 1974 who also founded Universal Cheerleaders Association (UCA). ✓ Emphasis: Years and their Significance in the History of Cheer Dance o 1869 – when the first intercollegiate game was played between Princeton University and Rutgers University in New Jersey. o 1898 – when the University of Minnesota is on a losing streak and Johnny Campbell assembled a group to energize the team and the crowd. o 1923 – when women were allowed to cheer for the first time at the University of Minnesota. o 1948 – when the first summer cheerleading clinic was held by Lawrence Herkimer. o 1961 – when the National Cheerleaders Association (NCA) was established. o 1974 – when the Universal Cheerleaders Association (UCA) was founded by Jeff Webb. o 1987 – when the AACCA (American Association of Cheerleading Coaches and Administrators) was created. ✓ Emphasis: Schools and their Significance in the History of Cheer Dance o Princeton University and Rutgers University – the two schools that competed in the first intercollegiate game in New Jersey. o University of Minnesota – the school that allowed women to cheer for the first time. o University of Oregon – the school where a cheerleader used flashcards for the first time. o Southern Methodist University – where Lawrence Herkimer is studying and performing as a cheerleader. o Sam Houston State Teacher’s College – where Lawrence Herkimer conducted the first summer cheerleading clinic.  LESSON 6: TERMINOLOGIES IN CHEER DANCE I. BASIC TERMINOLOGIES IN CHEER DANCE ✓ Emphasis: Individuals/Members of a Cheering Squad o Base – the person/persons who remain/s in contact with the floor lifting the flyer into a stunt. Also, bases are the person/persons on the bottom of a stunt or pyramid. o Captain – the leader of a squad or team. o Flier/Flyer/Floater – a person who is elevated into the air by the bases; the person that is on top of a pyramid/stunt. o Spotter – the person that stays in contact with the performing surface and watches for any hazards in the stunt or mount. The spotter is responsible for watching the flyer and to be prepared to catch her if she falls. ✓ Emphasis: Cheer Dance Terminologies and their Definitions o Chant – a short cheer, with simple arm movements. A short repeated yell usually done by the sideliners. o Cheer – a longer yell, hat involves motions, pompons, stunts, jumps, or tumbling. o Coach – a person that instructs or teaches a performer, player, or team. o Dismount – a way of returning to the floor position after a routine or mount. o Execution – perform a stunt or routine; the way in which a stunt or routine is performed. The form, style, and technique of a stunt or routine make up its execution. o Mount – when one or more people are supported in the air like a stunt. o Prep – the lower level of height on a stunt. The bases hold the flyers feet just below their chin level. o Pyramid – the interconnected, multiple mounts or a group of stunts next to one another. o Squad – the small group of an athletic team organized for a specific purpose. ✓ Emphasis: Skills and their Definitions o Jump – action where both feet leave the ground; a coordinated placement of the arms and legs while the feet are off the ground. There are three parts to a jump; the prep/approach, the lift, and the landing. o Stunt – the skill or feat involving tumbling, mounting, a pyramid, or toss. Usually does not refer to a jump. o Tumbling – any gymnastic skill used in a cheer, dance, or for crowd appeal that can be done as an individual or as a group in unison.