PE1-Midterm-Coverage.docx

**WHAT IS PHYSICAL EDUCATION?** Physical Education is \"education through the physical\". It aims to develop students' physical competence and knowledge of movement and safety, and their ability to use these to perform in a wide range of activities associated with the development of an active and h...

**WHAT IS PHYSICAL EDUCATION?** Physical Education is \"education through the physical\". It aims to develop students' physical competence and knowledge of movement and safety, and their ability to use these to perform in a wide range of activities associated with the development of an active and healthy lifestyle. It also develops students' confidence and generic skills, especially those of collaboration, communication, creativity, critical thinking and aesthetic appreciation. These, together with the nurturing of positive values and attitudes in PE, provide a good foundation for students' lifelong and life-wide learning. **BENEFITS** Physical education provides cognitive content and instruction designed to develop motor skills, knowledge, and behaviors for physical activity and physical fitness - Inspires Self-Discipline. Kids who have access to high-quality PE programs are taught life skills that can be used forever. - Improves Peer Relationships. - Provides Stress Relief. - Teaches Goal Setting. [Physical activity](https://www.physio-pedia.com/Physical_Activity) is defined as any bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles that results in energy expenditure. The energy expenditure can be measured in kilocalories. Physical activity in daily life can be categorized into occupational, sports, conditioning, household, or other activities. [Exercise](https://www.physio-pedia.com/Exercise_-Therapeutic) is a subset of physical activity that is planned, structured, and repetitive and has as a final or an intermediate objective the improvement or maintenance of physical fitness. **Physical fitness** Physical fitness involves the performance of the heart and lungs, and the muscles of the body. And, since what we do with our bodies also affects what we can do with our minds, fitness influences to some degree qualities such as mental alertness and emotional stability. **Health related-fitness** - Good health has a strong relationship with health-related components of physical fitness because it determines the ability of an individual to perform daily activities with vigor and demonstrate the capacities associated with low risk of premature development of the hypokinetic diseases. **COMPONENTS:** 1. Cardiovascular Endurance: Cardiovascular endurance, also known as aerobic fitness, is the ability of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems to supply oxygen and nutrients to the muscles during prolonged periods of physical activity. It is crucial for maintaining a healthy heart and lungs. Activities that improve cardiovascular endurance include jogging, swimming, cycling, and brisk walking. 2. Muscular Strength: Muscular strength refers to the amount of force that a muscle or group of muscles can generate. Building muscular strength is essential for everyday tasks, such as lifting and carrying objects. Resistance training, such as weightlifting and bodyweight exercises, helps improve muscular strength. 3. Muscular Endurance: Muscular endurance is the ability of a muscle or muscle group to perform repeated contractions or sustain a contraction for an extended period without fatigue. It is important for activities that require sustained effort, such as gardening or repetitive tasks at work. High-repetition, low-weight resistance training can improve muscular endurance. 4. Flexibility: Flexibility is the range of motion around a joint. Maintaining good flexibility helps prevent injuries, improves posture, and allows for a full range of motion in daily activities. Stretching exercises, yoga, and Pilates are effective ways to enhance flexibility. 5. Body Composition: Body composition refers to the proportion of fat mass to lean body mass (muscles, bones, organs, etc.) in the body. Maintaining a healthy body composition, with an appropriate balance between fat and lean tissue, is essential for overall health. Regular exercise and a balanced diet are key factors in managing body composition. - Skill-related fitness refers to abilities that help people learn skills. **COMPONENTS**: - **Ladder drills**: Use an agility ladder to practice quick and specific foot placement. - **Cone drills**: Set up cones in a \"T\" or star shape, then sprint, slide, backpedal, or change direction depending on which cone you\'re approaching. - "the non-specific response of the body to any demand for change." - " a state of mental tension and worry caused by problems in your life, work, etc" - "something that causes strong feelings of worry or anxiety" - \"Stress results from an imbalance between demands and resources.\" - \"Stress is the inability to cope with a perceived or real threat to one\'s mental, physical, emotional, and spiritual wellbeing which results in a number of physiological responses and adaptations.\" - - Racing Heart - Shaky Hands/Legs - High Blood Pressure - Clenching Fists - Headaches - Tenseness - Muscle Spasms - Indigestion - Anxiety - Fear - Irritability - Impatience - Depression - Inability to Focus - Feeling Overwhelmed - - Change in Appetite - Difficulty Sleeping - Forgetfulness - Acting Out - Social Withdrawal/Avoidance - Increased use of Caffeine and Other Substances - Loss of Concentration - Mood Swings [Can stress be positive?] - Stress can motivate you to meet your goals. - The stress of a deadline can motivate you to finish the assignment. - A fire alarm can cause stress that alerts you to avoid danger. - Planning a vacation. - Getting promoted at work. **Coping Strategies** - **Be realistic**: Set limits. Say no to extra responsibility or activities if feeling overwhelmed. - **Stop being a superhero**: No one is perfect so don\'t expect that from yourself or others. What really needs to get done? Is a deadline realistic? Ask for help when needed. - **Take one thing at a time**: When feeling overwhelmed by many tasks, pick one urgent task. Complete one task before moving onto another. - **Go easy on the criticism**: Expectations for self and others can be too high, setting people up to fail. - **Share feelings**: Stay in touch with people! Friends can provide a sounding board, show support and provide guidance. **Ways to Manage Stress** - Exercise - Eat Healthy - Practicing Positive Self-Talk - Limit Negative People in Your Life - Time Management - Get Enough Sleep - Meditation - Art Therapy (Sketching, Journaling, Coloring, etc) - Ask for help. (UConn's Resources) **[WHAT IS AEROBIC EXERCISE?]** Aerobic exercise is a physical activity that uses your body's large muscle groups, is rhythmic and repetitive. It increases your heart rate and how much oxygen your body uses. Examples of aerobic exercises include walking, cycling and swimming. It reduces your risk of heart disease, diabetes, high blood pressure and high cholesterol. **AEROBIC** *means requiring free oxygen.* **What is the difference between aerobic and anaerobic exercise?** [Aerobic exercises](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/327100) are endurance-type exercises in which a person's muscles move in a rhythmic and coordinated manner for a sustained period. People refer to these exercises as aerobic because they require oxygen to generate energy. Aerobic exercises increase a person's heart rate and breathing rate to supply more oxygen to the body's muscles. Examples of aerobic exercise include: - [brisk walking](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/320012) - [running](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/326912) - cycling - [swimming](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/321496) ### **Anaerobic exercises** Anaerobic exercises are those that involve short, intense bursts of physical activity. These exercises are anaerobic because they do not involve an increase in the absorption and transportation of oxygen. During anaerobic exercise, the body breaks down glucose stores in the absence of oxygen, leading to a buildup of lactic acid in the muscles. Examples of anaerobic exercises include: - sprinting - [weightlifting](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/77017) - [high intensity interval training (HIIT)](https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/327474)