Pathology Hope PDF

week 8 All can come short answer 1. Children 4 years old 2. Fever 3. bone pain 4. Headache, vomating 5. May cause bone marrow depression [ anemia, thrombocytopenia, neutropenia ] 6. Peripheral blood: lymphoblasts 7. Cd 10 + 8. Down syndrome = ALL / R...

week 8 All can come short answer 1. Children 4 years old 2. Fever 3. bone pain 4. Headache, vomating 5. May cause bone marrow depression [ anemia, thrombocytopenia, neutropenia ] 6. Peripheral blood: lymphoblasts 7. Cd 10 + 8. Down syndrome = ALL / Rick of increase 10 _ 20 x MSQ 9. Testes and central nervous system Lymphocyte development {TdT+} { CD5 , CD7, CD2, CD3 } Found only in pre-B and pre-T blasts AML Adult male Peripheral blood Smear { anemia, thrombocytopenia , blasts } Myeloblasts – (mpo)positive – Auer rods Auer rods – pathognomonic AML – Accumulation of MPO – CAN CAUSE DIC Philadelphia chromosome – genetic hallmark of { cml } – Synthesis tyrosine kinase protein. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors Used for treatment in CML CLL – DISORDER OF NAVE LYMPHOCYTES – NOT blasts – CD5+B CELLS – Age 60 – Patient often ASYMPTOMATIC – FEVERS,SWEET – B-cell disruption AUTOANTIBODIES – NOT produced by malignant cells. – PRODUCED by NON-NEOPLASTIC CELLS. Reed strenberg cells – drive from B CELLS – CD15+ and CD30+ WEEK 9 ANGINA PECTORIS { ‫ڡﻠﺐ‬%‫ٮﺔ ﻟﻠ‬8‫ٮﺔ دم ﰷ most common – Atherosclerosis of coronary artery – Booked by plaque Staple angina – rest —> no pain. – Exercise,stress —> chest pain. Unstable angina – Rest,exercise,stress —> pain Diagnosis of myocardial infection Diagnosis of myocardial infection – first 6 hours the gold stander. – Cardiac troponin rise after 4 hours, and it increases for 7-10 days. – CK-MB rise after 6-12 hours. – CK-MB —> found in myocardium and skeletal muscles. – Reinfarction following acute MI because levels return to normal after 48 hours. Risks after infarction – first 4 days—> ARRHYTHMIA – 5-10 days —> free well rupture, tamponda { ‫ڡﻠﺐ‬7‫ﻋﺸﺎء اﻟ‬1 ‫ﺤﻤﻊ ﻋﻨﺪ‬+‫ } دم او ﺳؤال ﺗت‬, papillary muscle rupture, vcd. – Weeks later —> DRESSLER SYNDROME, ANEURYSM DRESSLER SYNDROME – sharp,worse with deep breath,lying flat, treatment—> NSAID’s or steroids. – Chest pain, immune mediated. – NOT AUTOIMMUNE. – MYOCARDIAL INFLAMMATION Week 10 EMPHYSEMA – Smokers – Too many proteases created – Air "trapped" in lungs – Overwhelm anti-proteases – Upper lung damage – a1 anti-trypsin deficiency – Ineffective anti-proteases Lower lobe damage Asthma – Reversible pronchoconstriction – Usually due to allergic stimulus – Common in children Asthma Triggers – URI – Allergens (animal dander, dust mites, mold, pollens) – Stress – Exercise – Cold – Aspirin Asthma Symptoms Asthma Symptoms – Dyspnea, wheezing cough – Hypoxia dacing episodes. – Decreased I/E ratio – Reduced peak flow Mucous plugging (airway obstruction shunt) Kartagener's syndrome – Chronic sinusitis – Bronchiectasis (chronic cough, recurrent infections) – Male infertility – Situs inversus – AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE Silicosis – Inhalation of silica in quartz, granite, or sandstone – Foundries (metal production facilities Sandblasting brasive blasting) – Mines – Affects UPPER LOBES Asbestosis – Inhalation of asbestos fibers – Shipbuilding, roofing, plumbing – Classically affects LOWER LOBES Week 11 Week 12 GERD – Gastric juice from stomach to esophagus "Reflux" back into esophagus – Represents a failure of lower esophageal sphincter – Decrease in LES tone GERD Risk Factors – Alcohol – Smoking – Obesity – Fatty foods – Caffeine – Hiatal Hernia Barrett's Esophagus – Result of long-standing GERD – Metaplasia of esophagus – Squamous epithelium → intestinal epithelium Week 13 Week 14