BDS3 Human Disease Summarised.pdf

ALL DISEASES HAEMATOLOGY........................................................................................................................................ 2 LIVER.......................................................................................................................................

ALL DISEASES HAEMATOLOGY........................................................................................................................................ 2 LIVER...................................................................................................................................................... 10 HAEMOSTASIS AND BLEEDING DISORDERS............................................................................................. 12 WARFARIN AND ASPIRIN........................................................................................................................ 13 GASTROENTEROLOGY............................................................................................................................. 15 RHEUMATOLOGY.................................................................................................................................... 20 COMMON SWELLINGS – HEAD AND NECK............................................................................................... 25 ALLERGY................................................................................................................................................. 26 PSYCHOSOCIAL....................................................................................................................................... 29 ALCOHOLISM AND DRUGS...................................................................................................................... 32 CHEMOTHERAPY..................................................................................................................................... 33 IMMUNOSUPPRESSION.......................................................................................................................... 35 INFECTIOUS DISEASES............................................................................................................................. 37 ENDOCRINOLOGY................................................................................................................................... 38 ADRENO-CORTICAL HYPER/HYPO FUNCTION.......................................................................................... 40 KIDNEY DISEASE...................................................................................................................................... 42 HEART - CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES..................................................................................................... 45 INFECTIVE ENDOCARDITIS AND RHEUMATIC FEVER................................................................................ 53 RESPIRATORY.......................................................................................................................................... 54 DERMATOLOGY...................................................................................................................................... 61 NEUROLOGY........................................................................................................................................... 62 ORAL SURGERY COMPLICATIONS............................................................................................................ 69 DRUGS.................................................................................................................................................... 70 HAEMATOLOGY ANAEMIA DEFINITION CLASSIFICATION CAUSES SIGNS + SYMPTOMS Anaemia is the reduction in the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood and is defined by a low value for haemoglobin (M:130-170g/L, F: 120-155g/L) Based on red-cell mean corpuscle volume (MCV) of RBCs: Microcytic (MCV 100fl): Lack of haemoglobin due to larger RBCs Caused by disease or drug therapy that cause the following mechanisms which result in anaemia: 1. Reduced red-cell production - Defects in haemoglobin function - Decreased production e.g. deficiency state or bone marrow aplasia 2. Increased red-cell destruction (haemolysis → congenital e.g. sickle cell, acquired e.g. malaria/drugs) 3. Loss of red cells from circulation (blood loss through bleeding) 4. Dilutional effect from increased plasma volume (e.g. pregnancy) Varied and depend on speed of onset. *Acute blood loss = injury/haemorrhage/ruptured ectopic pregnancy etc - Collapse - Breathlessness - Tachycardia - Poor volume pulse - Reduced BP Peripheral vasoconstriction *Mild Anaemia: - Asymptomatic - Lethargy - Pallor DENTAL RELEVANCE *Severe Anaemia (Hb 90 Grade 2 = mild CRF = GFR 60-90 Grade 3 = Moderate CRF = GFR 30-60 Grade 3 – Severe CRF = GFR 15-30 Grade 4 = End stage Renal Failure = GFR