Indigenous Tech Philippines 2021 PDF

CONCEPT OF INDIGENOUS SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES TRADITIONAL KNOWLEDGE Origin of indigenous knowledge In early times (pamahiin/Too- too).  How our ancestors developed alternative ideas in explaining various phenomena and in explaining the world around...

CONCEPT OF INDIGENOUS SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES TRADITIONAL KNOWLEDGE Origin of indigenous knowledge In early times (pamahiin/Too- too).  How our ancestors developed alternative ideas in explaining various phenomena and in explaining the world around them.  Develop practices that caters daily needs  Influence of Spaniards, Japanese and Americans -take us in full control (ungo, aswang, maligno) -religious practices (6:00 pm prayer, Holly Rosary.  Indigenous knowledge  Is embedded in the daily life experiences of young children as they grow old. -best practices of their ancestors (chewing of beetle nut in Kalinga)  A prominent practice, and lessons people learned are intimately interwoven with their culture and the environment (variations in diff. regions).  Parents and older folks serves as their first teachers in transmitting cultural knowledge in their minds - pamahiin/too-too -food production, weather, medicine, religious belief  Lessons comprise good values & life stories of people. Indigenous Knowledge = Culture based Cultures -customary beliefs, social forms and material traits of a racial, religious, or social group -diversions or a way of life shared by people in a place or time Indigenous Science Is part of the indigenous knowledge system practiced by different groups of people & early civilizations. (Gribbin 2001,:Mkapa 2004,: Sibisi 2004)  It is collectively lived in & experienced by the people of a given culture. (Pawilen,2005 ; Ogawa 1995)  Includes everything from Metaphysics to Philosophy & various practical technologies (by indigenous people both past & present. (Cajete2004) Indigenous Science  It includes complex arrays of knowledge, expertise, practices & representations that guide human societies in their enumerable interactions with the natural milieu: -Agriculture -Medicine -Naming & explaining natural phenomena -Strategies for coping with the changing environments Concept of Indigenous Science Indigenous Science uses guided by composed of Science Process Community Culture Traditional Skills and Values Knowledge Indigenous beliefs (as cited by Johnston 2000) 1. Motivating attitudes 2. Cooperating attitudes 3. Practical attitudes 4. Reflective attitudes Positive values in learning & doing science & bringing  Philippine Laws About the Indigenous Knowledge  Executive Order No. 247, 1995,  which prescribes a regulatory framework for the prospecting of biological and genetic resources, their by-products and derivatives, for scientific and commercial purposes, and for other purposes  The Indigenous Peoples’ Rights Act (IPRA), 1997 or Republic Act 8317  an act to recognize, protect and promote the rights of indigenous cultural communities/indigenous people, creating a national commission of indigenous people, establishing implementing mechanisms, appropriating funds therefore, and for other purposes  Traditional and Alternative Medicine Act, 1997  which created the Philippine Institute of Traditional and Alternative Health Care (PITAHC) in 2000, providing for a Traditional and Alternative Health Care Development Fund and for other purposes; Indigenous knowledge that are taught & practiced by Indigenous People Observing animal behavior &celestial bodies in predicting weather conditions & seasons. FEMALE CIRCUMCISSION: Female genital Mutilation  Female genital mutilation includes procedures that intentionally alter or cause injury to the female genital organs for non-medical reasons.  The procedure has no health benefits for girls/women.  Procedures can cause severe bleeding and problems urinating, and later cysts, infections, as well as complications in childbirth and increased risk of newborn deaths.  Mostly carried out on young girls between infancy and age 15.  Violation of the human rights of girls and women. The use of herbal medicine -natural remedies Food preservation Microorganisms that can cause food spoilage Bacteria e.g. Lactobacillus Yeasts (Saccharomyces) Molds (Rhizopus) Pickling is the process to preserve food with salt water or vinegar.  TUBA Producing wines & juices from tropical fruits. MANGO JUICE Preserving & selecting good seeds for planting. Hybridization  Classifying plants & animals into families & groups based on cultural properties.  Acording to Waddy in 1988, aboriginal people (Australia) classify plants & animals in various ways, with the simplest being the binary classification (plants). Algae utilization and cuture The use of indigenous technology in daily lives Building local irrigation systems. Classification of soil for planting based on cultural properties. Keeping custom of growing plants & vegetables in the backyard. -Bahay Kubo concept of Filipinos Natives best practices Natives best practices:  Can be define as Technologies employed by the native inhabitants of a country.  Preserve and maintain knowledge, innovations and practices of indigenous and local communities embodying traditional life styles.  Promote their wider application with the approval and involvement of holders of such knowledge, innovations and practices and encourage the equitable sharing of benefits arising from them Sculptures -Sculptures is three-dimensional artwork created by shaping or combining hard materials such as : -Marble -Metal -Glass -Wood -Plastics to materials such as clay, textiles polymers and softer metals Weaving Weaving means to make cloth and other objects. Threads or strands of material are passed under and over each other. Done by inersecting the longitunidal threads, the warp, with the transverse thread. Arbularyo Witch doctor Commonly found in the more rural areas of the Philippines Heals people using herbs and traditional practices such as hilot or massage. Very traditional and superstitious. MAMBABATOK  Ethnic group; Kalinga  Made from an instrument constructed in bamboo and razor-sharp lemon thorns  Design is marked onto the skin using long strips of straight grass, dipped in simple mixture of charcoal and water  Thorn tip is submerged in the charcoal solution before rigorously hand tapping the piercing point into the design on the skin Extensive Tattoos and Rituals Northern Mountain tribes people of the Cordillera Region known as Cordilleras or Igorots Practices headhunting and one of the reason behind tattooing. Believed tattoos possessed spiritual powers and magical qualities which gave them strength and protection. Used to reward a warrior after a successful headhunt expedition. MAMBABATOK(TATTOO TOOLS) Indigenous Science and Technology in Luzon:  Paragis or “Eleusine Indica”.  Known by many names which include goose grass, wild grass, carabao grass and dog’s tail, a tropical plant and can usually be found in river banks and along the roads  A new “miracle” plant because of its alleged benefits and power to cure various ailments, including cancer.  Against inflammation and a natural antihistamine or anti- allergy treatment Paragis or “Eleusine indica”  A powerful diuretic and can be used to cure cystitis, urinary infections, gallstone, bladder, kidney stone, high blood pressure, spleen dysentery, heart, lung and liver problems. It can also be used in deworming.  It is also claimed that drinking Paragis tea on a daily basis can make ovarian cyst and myoma completely disappear.  For arthritis, pounded Paragis leaves are supposed to be heated and mixed with scraped coconut before being applied to the affected area  For those with kidney problems, drinking boiled Paragis leaves daily is said to be like taking a diuretic medicine as it makes the kidney to expel excess water and salt in the body in urine form. Herbals in benguet  Red Ant (Angiyawan)  The mother breast  for toothache. Fry and milk is good for sore pulverize then put inside the eyes. Hilot is usually aching tooth. done to hasten body  Uling (Charcoal) or muscle pain.  for stomach ache. Pulverized  During child and mixed it with water and bearing/birth, the drink. mother is given boiled  Coconut Shell dried seeds of wing  for wounds or for those who beans as coffee. are newly circumcised. Generally, a native Pulverized the dried coconut shell then apply to the chicken is butchered wounds. mixed with ginger and papaya is served to Coconut Shell for wounds for newly circumcised pulverized then apply to the wounds Red Ant (Angiyawan) and Bekkeng for toothache fry and pulverize then put inside the aching tooth Guava Shoots For Wounds Guava Shoots Cogon Grass Roots kidney problems In Farming  Limuken (wild forest dove)  When somebody is going out to establish a farm and the warning sound of the omen bird is heard directly in front, it means “stop” because the time is not good.  Doing the farm may just result to a waste of efforts. If it comes from the back at the right side, it means “go on” Muyong System  Ifugao mountain ranges called pugu or duntug are predominantly covered by privately or clan- owned forests called muyong  These watersheds provide ample water supply and nourishment to rice paddies and help minimize soil erosion.  Generally described by the key informants as a traditional land-use zoning system that is usually placed along mountain peaks down to mid-slopes  These woodlots are also sources of their fuel wood, wood for house construction Muyong system  Ethnic group; Ifugao; Northern Central Luzon  It helps their crops and other agricultural products to grow  Act as a water sheds  Vital in ensuring healthy forest stands  Placed along mountain peaks down to midslopes Muyong sytem In weather patters  Uma owners and hunters are  A brightly shining deeply aware of detailed moon with a rainbow characteristics of the annual encircling or a bloody weather that cyclically occur red sunset it may  This include the seasonal indicate a coming onset and outset of wild storm. fruits, the different varieties  Knowledge of Indicator of edible plants and fungi species of plants or found on the forest floor, fungi that show signs mating seasons of wild of the various annual animals seasons are also well  One example is the Puwek ni ingrained into the Kiling (storm of the kiling), a indigenous knowledge tropical storm that occurs of the Igorot late in the year and usually Hinalung  Ethnic group; Ifugao  Term for a short to moderately long double edged bladed implement  Used on a pole as a spear  Used as a dagger or chopper  The possibility of dual use is facilitated by the design which incorporates an integral Afiw Igorot head hunting axe  Igorot of the Kalinga tribe  Used for wood carving  Used as a hunting tool, for killing prey and chopping meat  Once used as a standard battle weapon for killing their enemies  Used by only few people today because of the modern machines that were introduced to the mountain men  Bayong-bayong  Tagbanwa tribe of the Philippines  Soft rice baskets  Have square bases and round tops  Produce block and v- shape baskets  Color is woven into the tagbanwa basket with the used of dyed palm leaves  3 sizes- large called as tibong, medium called as tabig and small called as Surat mangyan  Mangyan tribe  Syllabic writing sytem  Considered as Indic in origin  Pre- Spanish syllabic writing system of the Hanunuo- Mangyans of Southern Mindoro  Inscribe on bamboo tubes  Their poems called ambahan  Becomes extinct due to Gabbang  Ethnic group; Ibaloi  Is a musical instrument  Used to be a xylophone  It blows a wood that makes a sound  Good sound but weird INDIGENOUS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN VISAYAS Karakoa (Samar)  Large Outrigger Warship  Transporting Warriors for Sea Battle  Trading Ships  Tricycle (Different Provinces in Visayas)  Three-wheeled vehicle  Motorized or pedal type  Used for occupation and travelling purposes  Different provinces, different styles NEGROS ORIENTAL SAMAR LEYTE CEBU Hanging Rice (Cebu)  Rice in woven coconut leaves  Delicious and practical  Protected from flies and dirt/contaminants Kawa Bath (Antique)  Indigenous style of taking a bath  Relaxation of the body  Became source of income in Tibiao?? Potions and Amulets (Siquijor)  Good Luck Charm and Fortune  Medicine  Witchcraft and Sorcery  Love Spell Potions and Amulets (Siquijor)  Bolo-Bolo Healing (Siquijor)  Cure afflicted by natural illnesses or curses brought about by voodoo  Using a glass of water, bagacay (bamb oo straw) and a magical black stone  Ritual of Roman Catholicism with 87-year-old Consolacion G. Achay has been performing bolo-bolo healing rituals shamanistic traditions for 45 years INDIGENOUS TECHNOLOGIES IN MINDANAO  KUBING  Is a type of jew harp from bamboo found among the Maguindanaon  Traditionally considered and inmate instrument, usually used as communication between family or a loved on in close quarters  VINTAS  Traditional boat of the “Badjaos”  Some are painted with assorted vertical colors  “Vinta” is originally a moro dance  MAITUM JARS  Metal Age Period (190 BC - 500 AD)  Made of earthenware  characterized by their design that suggests human figures with complete or partial facial features of the first inhabitants in Mindanao.  THE BUTUAN BOAT  The wood of the boat has been dated to 320 A.D.  constructed using a very ancient technique.  these boats are evidence that early man in the Philippines was seafaring and was relatively technologically advanced.  MORO BARONG  Classic short sword by Moro warriors  Sever an arm or a leg in a single blow  To be practiced by the warriors  Essential part of Moro attire End of Presentation for Part 1