Parasitology Practical PDF

Lab_ 1 Scanned with CamScanner S c a n n e d with CamScanner  Fasciola gigantica (redia) It measure about 1.5 3- mm long when fully developed. It is a cylindrical body with a muscular pharynx and very short intestine. I t has head collar behind the level of th...

Lab_ 1 Scanned with CamScanner S c a n n e d with CamScanner  Fasciola gigantica (redia) It measure about 1.5 3- mm long when fully developed. It is a cylindrical body with a muscular pharynx and very short intestine. I t has head collar behind the level of the pharynx and birth pore anteriorly There are two lateral process near the posterior end. Its body cavity contains fully developed daughter rediae or cercariae. ScannePowered by (S CamScanner ScannePowered by CS CamScanner Note:card Fasciola hepatica - adult It i s similar t o F. gigantica but differs in : Smaller in size (3.5 x 1.5 cm). The shoulders are more prominent. The lateral sides are conveying making V-shape The oral and ventral suckers are nearly equal. The inner branches of the intestinal ceca are rudimentary or in the form of small nodules. ScannePowered by (S CamScanner Lab_2 2 ScannePowered yb C CamScanner ScannePowered yb © S CamScanner Note:card ,jar Gastrodiscus aegyptiacus -adult - elcC iut -: covered with large papillae - Suckers -: O r a l sucker (has two posterio-lateral pouches) - Posterior sucker - ehT intestinal ceca are simple and reach the posterior end of the body. - Testes are lobed, oblique and lie behind the middle ofthe body. - The ovary lies between the testes and more posteriorly. - The vitellaria occupy the lateral fields of the body. -The common genital pore open at the level of intestinal bifurcation. Note: (Microscope) ScannePowered by © S CamScanner Scanneowered yb S CamScanner Paramphistome- cercaria (Amphistome cercaria) -Composed of body and tail - The body and tail are pigmented (called cercates pigmentata) - The body contains two simple intestinal ceca, oral sucker, posterior sucker and two eye spots. - The tail is simple (Leptocercus )and twice the length of the body. Note: (Microscope) S c a n n eowered by ¢S CamScanner Note:card Carmyerius gregarius-adult - It resembles Paramphistomum sp. but differs in:- -There is a ventral pouch which extends backward as far as the v e n t r a l su ck er. -The intestinal ceca are short and end short distance behind the middle of the body. -Testes are horizontal in position and located posteriorly. -O va ryis loc ate d bet we en testes. Note: (Microscope) ScannePowered by © S CamScanner Note:card Dicrocoelium dendriticum (adult) H a b i t a t :-bile duct o f um srnati and rehto herbivorous anim als. -shape:- Lanceolate (pointed at extremities, wide at middle). -Size: - 14 mm x 2.5 mm. cl-iut Smooth. -e:C -Oral sucker is sm all er t h a n ven tra l one. -Intestinal ceca are simple and do not reach posterior end of the body. -Testes are slightly lobed, tandem and lie immediately behind ventral sucker. - O v a r y is post-testicular -Vitellineglands occupy middle third of lateral field of the body. -Uterus si transverse coils and occupies central field behind gondas N o t e : (Microscope) ScannePowered by CS CamScanner Lab_3 ScannePowered yb C CamScanner ScannePowered by CS CamScanner  Schistosoma s p p. (cercaria) -It composed of ydob nad tail. -Its body has four pairs of cephalic glands. -Its tail bifurcate distally (Furcocercous cercaria). -It is armed with spine. Noet: (Microscope) S c a n n eowered by CS CamScanner ScannePowered by CS CamScanner  E c h i n o s t o m ar e v o l u t u m-a d u l t -Habitat: cecum and rectum of duck ,geese nad other aquatic d.srbi - S h a p e : elongated. - S i z e : 22 x 2.5 mm. C e:-cliut spiny. -Oral sucker s u r r o u n d e d by h e a dc o l l a r of 73 spines. -Ventral sucker i s larger than anterior o n e. -Intestinal ceca are simple and reach posterior end of the body. Testes are elongated oval, slightly lobed , tandem and situated behind middle. -Ovary is spherical and pre-testicular. -Vitelline glands are in the form of course follicles and occupy the lateral fields. -Uterus is ant eri or to the ovary. N o t e : (Microscope) ScannePowered by ©S CamScanner ScannePowered by CS CamScanner E c h i n o s t o m ar e v o l u t u m- c e r c a r i a - I t consists fo b o d y a n d t a i l. - Its body bear head collar surrounding oral sucker (Echinostome cercaria). -I t s lait si sim ple (lep toc erc ous cer car ia). N ot e: (Microscope) ScannePowered by S CamScanner ScannePowered by CS CamScanner  Heterophyes heterophyes - adult -Habitat :-small intestine of fish eating mammals. -Shape-: Pear-shaped. -Size : - 1-1.7 x 0.7 mm. -Cuticle:-covered with scales. -Suckers : Oral sucker. a(t anterior end) - Ventral sucker (anterior to the middle) -Genital sucker ( posterio-lateral to hte ventral one) bears incomplete circle of small rodes - Intestinal ceca are simple and reach posterior end of the body -Testes are oval, smooth, horizontal and lie near posterior end of the body Ovyar is oval and lie anterior to testes aiarleV ltiare lateral and restricted ot the posterior third of hte body - Uterus si ni the form of coils ta the posterior half fothe body. Note: )opecosM r(ci S c a n n eowered by CS CamScanner  - Schistosoma.ps - elm a iM la - Its body consists of small cylindrical anterior part and flattened posterior part which curved ventrally forming gynaecopheric canal in which female lies. - Cuticle is provided with small tubercles dorsally. - Oral sucker is small, while the ventral one is pedunculated. - Oesophagus is short and sur rou nde d b y clusters of oesophageal glands. Intestinal ceca are simple, bifurcate at level of ventral sucker, then reunite one or several time backward. - Testes are 3-6 in numb er and situat ed a short distan ce x 1mm behind the ventral sucker. Note: (Microscope) S c a n n eowered by C (S CamScanner ScannePowered by CS CamScanner Schistosoma spp. (male and m efla in copula) N o t e : (Card) ScannePowered by IS CamScanner L a b 4 S CamScanner Scanneowered by © ScannePowered by CS CamScanner  aineT a - scolex solium - Rostellum a r m e d with double rows of hooks. - Four suckers S c a n n e owered by © S CamScanner Note:card a sagniat ainT - dagvri segment - Longer than broad - Uterus has 14 - 32 lateral branches ScannePowered by © S CamScanner Cysticercus cellulose - larvalstage of.Tsolin - Bladder -like cyst with single invaginated scolex. -The scolex h a s f o u r s u c k e r s a n d r o s t e l l u m a r m e dw i t hd o u b l er o w so fh o o k s. Note: (Microscopical identification) ScannePowered by © S CamScanner ScannePowered yb © S CamScanner  T a e n i as a g i n a t a -s c o l e x - Scolex h a s n o r o s t e l l u m nor ho ok s. - ruoF suckers. S c a n n eowered by CsCamScanner Note:card Taenia saginata - erumta segment - Squarish in shape or slightly broader than long. - Single set of genital organ. - Ovary is bi-lobed. -Vitelline gland form compact mass behind o v a r y. - Uterus is a simple blind tube and extended anteriorly in midline. -Testes a r e n u m e r o u s a n d s c a t t e r e d m e d i a l to excretory canal. Genital pore is unilateral. ScannePowered by © S CamScanner L a bー5 Scanne®oweredby (S CamScann  Avitellina sp.- gravid segment - Broader than long - Each segment contains a single large thick-walled par-uterine organ. ScannePowered by (S CamScanner Scanne owered yb S CamScanner Note:card Hydatid sand - It c o n s i s t s o f s e v e r a l s c o l i c e s a n d b r o a d capsule in hydatid fluid. -The scolices are invaginated wt ih several hooks. ScannePowered by CS CamScanner Scanneowered yb (S CamScann Note:card Moniezia expansa -mature segment - Broader than long. - Double s e t of g e n i t a l organs. - Ovary is horse shoe-shaped and lie medially to e x c re to ry c a n a l. - Vitelline gland are situated posterior to ovary (ovary with vitelline gland form ring) Testes are num ero us a n d dis trib ute d thr oug h central field.. - Inter-segmental glands are in the form of small p i t s along the whole posterior border of the se gm en t ScannePowered by ©S CamScanner Note:card Moniezia bendeni - erum ta segment. expansa but inter-segmental - Resemble M rof gla nds are in the m o f nuoiucsnt row (Linear) a t the em ldi field of posterior margin of the segment. ScannePowered by Cs CamScanner  Avitellina sp. - mature segment - Very narrow and broader than long. - Single set of genital n.gaor - Genital pores are riegualryl alternating. - Ovary si spherical and poral ( toward the side of genital pore). - Uterus is transverse sac in the middle field of the segment. - Vitelline glands are absent. - Testes are arranged in 4groups (lateral and medial to excretory canal). ScannePowered by CS CamScanner ScannePowered by CS CamScanner  Echinococcus granulosus - a d u l t - It composed o f scolex and strobila (neck and 3 segment). -Scolex:- very s m a l l w i t h four s u c k e r s a n d r o s t e l l u m a r m e d with d o u b l e rows o f hooks. - M a t u r e segment -: - L o n g e r t h a n broad. - Ovary is h o r s e shoe - s h a p e d. - Testes are n u m e r o u s 40-60 a n d scattered. - Genital pores a r es i n g l e , alternate irregularly at l a t e r a l m ar gi n. -Gravid segment:- _-L o n g e r than broad. - seruM sae more htan h a l f length fo the whoel worm - U t e r u si sp r o v i d e dw i t h1 2 - 1 5l a t e r a lp o u c h e so ne a c hs i d e. ScannePowered by CS CamScanner La b_ 6  Dipylidium c a n i n u m - scolex - I ti sc o m p a r a t i v e l ys m a l l. - I tc o n t a i n sf o u rs u c k e r sa n dr e t r a c t a b l e um lel.otsr - um lleR tos a r m e dw i t h3 - 4r o w so fr o s e - t h o r n shaped hooks. S c a n n eowered by Cs CamScanner Scanne®owered yb (S CamScanner Raillietina sp. - mature segment - B r o a d e r t h a n long. - Has single set of genital organ. - Ovary is horse shoe-shaped and lie centrally. - Testes are scattered a r o u n d ovary. S c a n n e owered by S CamScanner ScannePowered by CS CamScanner Raillietina sp. - dviagr segment - than long or squarish in shar Broader - Uterus b r e a k s down into egg capsules, e a c h c o n t a i n se ve ra l sge (6-12). ScannePowered by ©S CamScanner ScannePowered by CS CamScanner Dipylidium caninum - mature segment - Longer than broad. - Double s e t of genital organs. - Ovaries are horse shoe - shaped. - Vitelline glands lie behind ovaries; form with ovaries as mass resemble a bunch of grape. - Testes are numerous and scattered medial to excretory canal. ScannePowered by © S CamScanner Diphylobothrium l a t u m- erum ta s e g m e n t - S q u a r is h ni s h a p e - O v a r y is bi-lobed and lies i n posterior region of t h e s e g m e n t. - Testes a n d vitelline glands a r e scattered t h r o u g h o u t t h e segment. - The genital pore ( receive vagina and u)srrci opens in midline anterior t o uterus. - U t e r u si sr o s e t t ei ns h a p ea n do p e n separately i n uterine pore behind t h e genital pore. ScannePowered by CS CamScanner Scanne®owered yb (S CamScanner Hym eno lepi s s p. - mat ure segm ent - N a r r o w a n d broader t h a n long. - Single set o f genital organ. _ Tes tes a r e three i n rm eubn (on e p o r a l dna t w oa p o r a l ). - Ov ar y is fo un d i n t h e middle between testes. ScannePowered by CS CamScanner ScannePowered by CS CamScanner  Dipylidium caninum - gravid segment - Longer than broad (resemble cucumber seed). - Uterus breaks down in to e g g ca ps ul es , each one contains several eggs ( u p t o 20). ScannePowered by © S CamScanner  Ascaridia galli - male caudal end -Caudal al ae : - n ar ro w. -Caudal pa pil lae : - 10 pairs. -Pre-cloacal sucker :- has thick cuticular rim. -Spicules (two) :- are lquaeub-s o r n e a r l y equal. S c a n n e d with C a m S c a n n e r To x o c a r a c a t i - anterior end - I t i s prov ided w i t h pair of prom inen t cervical alae. - Cervical alae are narrowing abru ptly a t their posetroir margin giving an anterior arrow head a p p e a r a n c e ScannePowered by CS CamScanner Scanneowered yb (S CamScanner  Note:card To x o c a r a c a n i s - a n t e r i o r e n d - Provided with pair of prominent cervical alae. A - Cervical alae are tapered posteriorly giving an a n t e r i o r la n ce o la te a p p e a r a n c e. A- S c a n n e d with C a m S c a n n e r S c a n n e d with CamScanner  P a s s a l u r u s amb igu us - m a l e - H a b i t a t :- Cecum andcolono f rabbit. - S i z e : - 4 - 5 mm long. Male -Oesophagus :- double bulb-shaped. - Ta i l : - h a s whip-like appendix with o n e s p i c u l e (pin-shaped) Male p o s t e r i o r e n d S c a n n e d with C a m S c a n n e r S c a n n eowered by CS CamScanner  Passalurus ambgiuus - female tail - Size :- 9- 13 mm. -Tail -: long, tapered (5,3 anctrd marked m w ith about 40 circular sratiotn annulations at its distal ext ScannePowered by §S CamScanner Lab_8 ScannePowered yb C CamScanner ScannePowered by CS CamScanner  Strongylus sigravul - orierant end -The buccal capsule has extern aldna interna l l e a f crowns a t its anterior mngar.i - There are t w o ear shaped teeth att h e esab of the buccal capsule. S c a n n e d with C a m S c a n n e r  Strongylus sp. - bursa - It cons ists of two later al lobes an d dors al one. - Each lateral lobe supported by bursal rays. - Ventral rays (ventra-ventral, latero-ventral rays). - Lateral rays (anterio-lateral, medio-lateral, posterio-lateral rays). - E x t e r n a l d o r s a l ra y. - The dorsal lobe is supported by dorsal ray. - The re are 2 equa l spicules and a gube rnac ulum. S c a n n e d with C a m S c a n n e r ScannePowered by 6S CamScanner Oestertagia sp. - em elaf vulvar region -The vulva is covered w i t h s m a l l v u l v a r f l a p ScannePowered by S CamScanner  0 0 9a 40 %9 g Scanne®owered yb (S CamScanner Haemonchus contortus - female vulvar region - The vulva is covered with large vulvar flap (thumb like ) S c a n n eowered by © S CamScanner Scanne owered yb C S CamScanner Haemonchus contortus - b u r s a - It has two symmetrical lateral lobes suppoetrd yb rays. -There is small asymmetrical dorsal lobe (situated against left lateral lobe) supported by Y shaped d o r s a l ray. -The spicules are long and brown ni.ourocl ScannePowered by CS CamScanner Scanned with CamScanner  Dictyocaulus sp. - Male bursa - Media and posterio-lateral rays are fused together at different length. - The spicules are stout, dark brown and boot shaped. S c a n n e d with C a m S c a n n e r S c a n n e d with C a m S c a n n e r  Habronema m u s c a- a n t e r i o re n d - There are two lateral lips each subdvidied into.ehrt - The pharynx is cylindrical - Oesophagus is cylindrical type (consists of short anterior muscular and long posterior glandular parts) S c a n n e owered by §S CamScanner Scanneowered yb (S CamScanner  Habronema megastoma - anterior end - The head is constricted off from the body. -The pharynx is funnel-shaped (wide anteriorly, narrow posteriorly ). ScannePowered by CS CamScanner g ScannePowered by © S CamScanner  Trichuris p.s -gge - Shape:- barrel or lemon shaped with tra ns pa ren t mucoid plug at both poles. -Size: - 80 x 40 u m -Colour:- greenish brown or brown -Content:- Single embryonal cell when freshly laid ScannePowered by CS CamScanner Trichinella spiralis - Cyst or encysted larva in muscle -Shape :- ellipsoidal, oval or lemon-shaped -Size:- ¼- ½ mm long - Position:- its long axis is parallel to muscle fibers. - Content:- spirally coiled larvae ( L4) ScannePowered by CS CamScanner Trichuris sp.- male caudal end - It is coiled ylaltsdi - It is provided with single rod-shaped spicule covered by a sheath which carries minute spines. S c a n n e d with C a m S c a n n e r Lab_10 Scanned with CamScanner S c a n n eowered by © CamScanner Dactylogyrus speceis - adult - It measures 0.5-1 x 0.1-0.2 mm. - tI has four lobed head with two a n t e r o - d o r s a l pairs of eyes. - There si single oval testis situated behind ovary. - O v a r yi so v a la n d olcaetd near middle of body - Intestinal caeca are anastomosed. - Presence o f genito-intestinal duct. - The opisthaptor stsocins foone pair of large h o o k sa n du pt o1 4s m a l l hooklets. S c a n n e d with C a m S c a n n e r  Gyrodactylus species - Adult - Small worm up to 2 mm in length. -Anterior end is bilobed. -There is single oval testis situated ant o v a r y. - Ovary is oval and located near posteri - Int est ina l cae ca end blin dly. - The opisthaptor consists of one pair of la hooks and up ot 1 6 slal hooklets. m S c a n n e d with C a m S c a n n e r Cards ScannePowered yb CS CamScanner  Fasciola gigantica - adult Shape :-leaf like with an anterior cone s h a p e d projection. Cuticle -: provided with fine spines. Ventral sucker_ is larger t h a n oral one. Intestinal ceca are branched; the inner branches are Tor Y in shape. -Testes are branched, tandem in position and lie at the middle third of the body. The cirrus sac is situated anterior to the ventral sucker where it open into the common genital pore. Ovary is b r a n c h e d a n d located anterio-laterally to the testes Vitelline g l a n d s c o n s i s t s of s m a l l follicles a n d fill t h e w h o l e l a t e r a l s i d e s of t h e body Uterus is convoluted, filled with eggs and open into the common genital pore. Note: (Microscope) S c a n n e owered by S CamScanner  Fasciola hepatica - adult It is similar to F gigantica but differs in : Smaller in size (3.5 x 1.5 cm). The shoulders are more prominent. The lateral sides are conveying making V-shape The oral and ventral suckers are nearly equal. T h e i n n e r b r a n c h e s of the i n t e s t i n a l ceca a r e r u d i m e n t a r y or in the f o r m of small nodules. Note: (Mic rosc ope) S c a n n e owered by CS CamScanner  Fasciola sp. - egg S h a p e -: oval a n d operculated. Colour -: golden yellow. Size :-up to 200 x 100 um. Contains early immature embryo surrounded by x volk cells. Note: (Card) S c a n n e owered by CS CamScanner  Fasciola gigantica (miracidium) Triangular in shape. Its cuticle covere d with cilia. Has papilliform protrusion at the anterior end. There are pair eye spots anteriorly and germ cells posteriorly. Note: (Card) S c a n n e owered by CS CamScanner  Fasciola gigantica (Encysted metacercaria) It spherical cyst covered by thick cyst wall and measured 0.3 m m in diameter. The internal structure can't be observed. Note: (Card) S c a n n e owered by S CamScanner  Cotylophoron cotylophorum - adult - It closely resemble Paramphistomum sp. but differs in -There is a genital sucker surrounding the common genital pore. Note: (Card) S c a n n e owered by CS CamScanner Paramphistomum spp. (Encysted metacercaria) It is spherical in shape, covered by thick cyst wall and c o n t a i n s t w o eye s p o t s. Note: (Card) S c a n n e owered by CS CamScanner Heterophyes heterophyes Heterophyes heterophyes - egg Egg -Size -: small 25-30 x 15-17 um. -Colour:- light brown. -Shape:- Ovoid, thick shell and contain 35um m i r a c i d i u m when freshly deposited. - Operculated at one pole and has small knob at o t h e r pole. Note: (Card) S c a n n e owered by S CamScanner Heterophyes heterophyes (cercaria) -It c o n s i s t s o f b o d a n d tail. -Its body contains oral sucker, ventral s u c k e r i n t e s t i n a l c e c a a n d w i t h t w oe v e spots -Its tail is simple and surrounded by m e m b r a n o u s fin ( L o p h o c e r c o u s cercaria). Note: (Card) ScannePowered by §S CamScanner Heterophyes heterophyes (Encysted metacercariae in fish muscles) - It is spherical or oval cysts contain metacercaria which appears rolling. S c a n n e owered by S CamScanner  Schistosoma mansoni - egg - Shape :- oval o r spindle and non operculated. - C o n t e n t : contains m i r a c i d i u m when freshly pass in feces. -Size: 100 x 80 um. - Shell: thin with a lateral spine. Note: (Card) S c a n n e owered by CS CamScanner  Taenia solium - gravid segment - Longer than broad - U t e r u s h a s 7 - 16 l a t e r a l b r a n c h e s S c a n n e owered by CS CamScanner  Taenia sp. - egg - Shape -: globular -Colour -: b r o w n i s h -Embryophore -: double contoured and radially striated. - C o n t a i n s h e x a c a n t h embry o. S c a n n e owered by CS CamScanner  Cysticercus (Strobilocercus) fasciolaris - larval stage of T. taeniaformis - Small vesicle attached to scolex with l o n g f a l s e s e g m e n t e d strobila. - Scolex h a s four s u c k e r s a n d r o s t e l l u ma r m e d w i t hd o u b l er o w so fh o o k s. Note: (Microscopical identification) S c a n n e owered by S CamScanner Coenurus cerebralis - larval stage of T. multiceps - It has several invaginated scolices. - Each scolex has 4 suckers and r o s t e l l u m a r m e dw i t hd o u b l er o w so fh o o k s. Note: (Microscopical identification) S c a n n e owered by CS CamScanner  Hydatid cyst (cross section) - I ti ss u r r o u n d e db ya l a y e ro fr e a c t i n g tissue(hostorigin). - I tc o n s i s t so ft w ol a y e r s : A) Outer fibrous laminated layer B) Inner germinal layer. - Scolicesa n db r o a dc a p s u l e sdeveloped f r o mt h ei n n e rl a y e r. -Exogenousa n dendogenousb r o a dcapsules m a yb ed e v e l o p e d. S c a n n e owered by CS CamScanner  Anolpocephala perfoliata - scolex - It is sm al l. - Has four suckers, e a c h o n e h a s l a p p e t b e h i n di t. S c a n n e owered by CS CamScanner  Anolpocephala magna - scolex - It is larg er tha n A. perfoliata. - Has f o u rs u c k e r so n l y( n ol a p p e t s ). S c a n n e owered by CS CamScanner  Moniezia sp. - egg - Shape : - Ovoid, quadrangular o r triangular. - Size :- 67 x 56 um. - It Contains well developed pyriform apparatus that encloses h e x a c a n t h e m b r y o. S c a n n e owered by CS CamScanner  Moniezia sp. - gravid segments - B r o a d e rt h a nl o n g. - U t e r u s is in the f o r m of t r a n s v e r s e sac filled with eggs. S c a n n e owered by CS CamScanner Hymenolepis sp. - gravid segment - B r o a d e rt h a nl o n g. -Uterus is transverse sac filled with eggs. S c a n n e owered by CS CamScanner  Raillietina tetragona - scolex - It is relatively small. Ros tellu m - Has f o u r o v a l s u c k e r s a r m e d w i t h 8 - 1 0 r o w ss m a l lh o o k s. - Rostellum is armed with single row of hooks. S c a n n e owered by CS CamScanner Raillietina echinobothrida - scolex - It is relatively small. - Has f o u r r o u n ds u c k e r sa r m e dw i t h 8 - 1 0r o w ss m a l lh o o k s. - Rostellum is a r m e d with d o u b l e row of hooks. S c a n n e owered by CS CamScanner Cotugnia digonopora - scolex - It is relatively large. - Has four suckers and rostellum armed with double rows of hooks. S c a n n e owered by CS CamScanner Cotugnia digonopora - mature segment - Broader than long. - Has double set of genital organ. - O v a r i e sa r eh o r s es h o e -s h a p e d. - T e s t e sa r en u m e r o u sa n ds c a t t e r e di n posterior half o f segment extending b e y o n de x c r e t o r yc a n a l s. S c a n n e owered by S CamScanner Cotugnia digonopora - gravid segment - B r o a d e rt h a nl o n go rs q u a r i s hi n shape. - Ute rus b r e a k s d o w n i n t o e g g capsule s, each o n e contain s single egg. S c a n n e owered by S CamScanner Diphyllobothrium latum - scolex - It is almond o r elongated in shape. - H a s dorsal and ventral bothria (grooves) S c a n n e owered by CS CamScanner FERTILIZEDEGGS OFAscarislumbricoides(ROUNDWORM) Ascaris lum bri coi des - egg Shape: R o u n dt oo v a l. Size: 5 0 - 7 0u mx 4 0 - 5 0u m Color: greenish b r o w n Covering: S u r r o u n d e db ya t h i c ks m o o t h tra nsl uc en t she ll con sis tin g o f thr ee lay ers : x - T h eo u t e rc o a r s e l ym a m i l l a t e da l b u m i n o i dc o a t - A t h i c kt r a n s p a r e n tm i d d l el a y e r - I n n e rl i p o i d a l vitellinem e m b r a n e. S c a n n e owered by CS CamScanner Ascaridia galli or Heterakis gallinarum - egg -Shape:- Oval. -Size:- 7 0 - 8 0 x 4 0 - 5 0 u m i n d i a m e t e r. -Shell:- t h i c k a n d s m o o t h. ScannePowered by CS CamScanner  P ar as ca ri s eq u o ru m - egg Shape -: Spherical. -Size : - 90-100 um in d i a m e t e r. -Colour:- Deep brown. x -Shell: - its outer layer is coarsely pitted. S c a n n e owered by CS CamScanner  Heterakis gallinarum- anterior end -It has t h r e e l i p s. -Oesophagus is bulb-shaped (with strong posterior bulb) S c a n n e owered by CS CamScanner Heterakis gallinarum - male caudal end -Caudal alae -: l a rg e. -Caudal papillae :- 12 pairs. -Pre-cloacal sucker:- prominent and circular. -Spicules (two) -: a r eu n e q u a la n dd i s s i m i l a r ( i n length a n d thickness). S c a n n e owered by CS CamScanner  Strongylus edentatus - anterior end - The buccal capsule is globoid with external and inter nal leaf crow ns at its ante rior margin. - There is no teeth in the bucca l capsule. S c a n n e owered by S CamScanner  Chabertia ovina - anterior end - I t is slightly curved ventrally - I t h a s a l a r g e b u c c a l capsule ehT a n t e r i o r bord er o f buccal capsule has double r o w s of small papillae, a l l w h a t remain f r o m l e a f c r o w n s S c a n n e owered by CS CamScanner  Oesophagostomum sp.- anterior end - The buccal capsule is small with small e x t e r n a l and internal leaf crown. - There is transverse cervical ventral groove near anterior end. - There is a cephalic vesicle anterior to the cervical groove. - There are two cervical alae pierced by a pair of cervical papillae posterior to cervical groove. S c a n n e owered by CS CamScanner  Ancylostoma caninum - anterior end - The buccal capsule is large and deep. -The ventral margin has 3 pairs of teeth. S c a n n e owered by CS CamScanner  Bunostomum sp-. anterior end - It is bent in dorsal direction. - The buccal capsule is large with pair of cutting plates at its ventral margin. - The buccal capsule contains dorsal cone and a pair of sub- vent ral lance ts at its base. S c a n n e owered by S CamScanner  Microfilaria - in blood smear Note:microscope -It is the pre-larval stage of family filariidae. -It m e a s u r e s 150-30 0 × 5-8 um. - It may be sheathed or not (according to species). -It is slen der with b r o a d ante rior e n d a n d tape red p o s t e r i o ro n e. -Its body filled with nuclei except at both ends. S c a n n e owered by CS CamScanner  Trichuris sp. - female - I t consists o f long anterior narrow and short posterior thick parts. - T h ea n t e r i o r p a r ti s thin and contain cellular oesophagus. - T h e posterio r p a r t i s t h i c k a n d b e n t i n bow shape. -The vulva open at the junction of two parts. - T h ea n u s o p e na t the end of posterior part (terminal) S c a n n e owered by CS CamScanner  Clinostomum species (metacercaria) - Metacercariae are large and yellow or white in color. - It has oral a n d v e n t r a l s uckers. -Intestinal caeca are simple and reach the posterior end of body. S c a n n e owered by S CamScanner Euclinostomum species (metacercaria) - Metacercariae are large and yellow or white in c o l o r. -It has oral and ventral suckers. - I n t e s t i n a l caeca has n u m e r o u s caecal b r a n c h e s. S c a n n e owered by S CamScanner Snails Scanned with CamScanner Note: sample Lymnaea cailliaudii R t. h a n d e d thin shell S h a r p apex Prominent spire Large body whorl Large oval aperture Note: (Card) Lymnaea stagnalis As L. caulliaudi but : Cl Large size T h i c k shell. Note: (Card) Lymn aea trunca tula As L.caulliaudi but small size(smallest snail ). Scanned with CamScanner sample Bulinus truncatus - Lt h a n d e d - Short spire - Blunt apex - Relatively large whorl Note: (Card) sample Planorbis species (Biomphalaria) - Lt h a n d e d - Discoidal ( b u t t o n s h a p e ) - S m o o t h shell Note: (Card) Helicella species - Rt h a n d e d. - Button shaped. - W h i t e t h i c k shell with b r o w n t r a n s v e r s e b a n d. Scanned with CamScanner  Zebrina species - Rt h a n d e d White thick shell with black longitudinalstripes Note: (Card) sample Cleopatra bulimoides - Rt h a n d e d - M e d i u m spire - Whorl has dark brown spiral band Note: (Card) Cleopatra cyclostomoides - As C l e o p a t r a b u l i m o i d e s but white in c o l o u r S c a n n e d with C a m S c a n n e r  Physa acuta - Lt handed - Pointed apex - Slightly oblique whorl - Less de ep su tur e Note: (Card) Pirenella conica -Rt han ded. -Conical in shape. - Long spire. - Less oblique whorl. - Shell o r n a m e n t e d w i t h coarse tubercles ( 1-4 rows). - Syphonal notch is present. Note: (Card) sample Melania tuberculata - As pirenella but shell has fine tubercles ( n u m e r o u s rows) - More oblique whorl. - No syphonal notch. Scanned with CamScanner sample Vivipara species - Rt handed. - Thick shell. - Medium spire. - S h a r p apex. - Convex, oblique whorl. - Deep sutures. - S m a l l umbilicus. Note: ( C a r d ) Lanistes boltini - L t han ded. - Largest snail. - Thick shell. - C o n v e x whorl. - Deep suture. - Large umbilicus. x Note: (Card) S c a n n e d with C a m S c a n n e r Jars Scanned with CamScanner Note: sample Fasciola in liver Habitat -: bile duct of cattle, buffalo, sheep, other herbivorous animal and man. Colour:- greyish brown. S c a n n e d with C a m S c a n n e r Paramphistomes in reticulum S c a n n e d with C a m S c a n n e r  Taenia sp. of man - Habitat:-Small intestine of man -Size :-L a r g e t a p e w o r m s (4-8 meter) - R i b b o n like -Mature segments are squarish in shape or slightly broader than long. - G r a v i d segm ents are longer than broad. Note: (Jar) (card) Taenia sp. of dog - They includes T. ovis, I multiceps, T. pisiformis.etc. -They resemble Tania sp. of man but differs in length and number of segments. Note: (Jar) (card) sample Cysticercus bovis - larval stage of I. saginata - Habitat:- Striated m u s c l e of cattle - Shape -: Spherical or elliptical whitish b l a d d e r- l i k e cyst. - Size :- 7-9 x 5-8 mm. Scanned with CamScanner sample Cysticercus tenuicollis - larval stage of T. hydatigena -Habitat- Periton eal cavity of sheep, goat, cattle and wild rumina nts - Large bladder (5 cm in diameter) containing watery fluid with semitransparent wall. -It has single invaginated scolex attached to the cyst wall by a long neck. Note: (Jar) (card) Cysticercus pisiformis - larval stage of T. pisiformis - H a b i t a t :- Peritoneal cavity of rabbits. -Shape and Size:- Smallcyst( p e asize) f o u n di ng r o u p sr e s e m b l ea b u n c ho f grapes. x Note: (Jar) (card) Cysticercus (Strobilocercus) fasciolaris - larval stage of T. taeniaformis - H a b i t a t :- liver of r a t a n d m i c e - C o m p o s e d o f small vesicle attached to scolex with long false segmented strobila. -The s c o l e x h a s f o u r s u c k e r s a n d rostellum a r m e d with double rows o f h o o k s. S c a n n e d with C a m S c a n n e r Coenurus cerebralis - larval stage fo.T multiceps -Habitat :-brain and spinal cord of sheep and goat. -Shape -: Transparent bladder l i k e - c y s t containing several invaginated scolices. -Size:- Up to 4 c m i n diameter. Note: (Jar) (card) S c a n n e d with C a m S c a n n e r  Dipylidium caninum - adult -Habitat:- S m a l lintestineo fdog,c a ta n drarelym a n. -Size -: 2 0 - 5 0c ml o n g. -Colour : - Light reddish yellow. -Gravid segments are longer than broad and resemble cucumber seed in shape. S c a n n e d with C a m S c a n n e r sample Ascaris Lumbricoides or.A suum - adult -Habitat:- S m a l li n t e s t i n eo fm a na n dp i g -Size -: Male. 25 c m x 3 m m -Female. 28 c m x 5 m m -Cuticle -: r e l a t i v e l yt h i c k -Lips -: a r eo ft h es a m ediametero fsucceedingp a r to ft h ebody Female Male Parascaris equorum - adult H a b i t a t :- s m a l li n t e s t i n eo f equine. -Size :- M a l e2 8c mx 8 m m - F e m a l e5 0c mx 8 m m. -Cuticle -: thick. -Lips :- are larger and well m a r k e d off from the succeeding part of the body. Toxocara ( N e o a s c a r i s ) vitulorum - adult - H a b i t a t :- s m a l li n t e s t i n ec a t t l ea n db u f f a l o e s -Size -: M a l eu pt o 2 5c mx 5 m m- F e m a l eu pt o3 0c mx 6 m m -Cuticle -: soft, thin and transparent - Lips: are narrower than the succeeding part of the body _Scanned with CamScanner Toxocara c a n i s - a d u l t - Habitat : -s m a l lintestineo fd o g. - Size : - Male up to 10 cm -Female up to 18 cm. - Anterior e n d has p a i r of cervical alae. Ascaridia galli - adult -Habitat -: small intestine of birds. -Size -: Male 5-8 cm -Female 8-12 cm. Scanned with CamScanner  Strongylus sp. - adult - Habitat :- c e c u m a n d c o l o n o f e q u i n e - Size :- Male 2.5-3.5 cm -Female 3.5-5 cm -Colour:- d a r k g r a y with r e d colour o f blood i n t h e i r intestine - Shape -: rigid w o r m s with well developed m a l e copulatory b u r s aa n db u c c a lc a p s u l e. S c a n n e d with C a m S c a n n e r  Dictyocaulus sp. - adult (jar) - H a b i t a t : - b r o n c h i a n d b r o n c h i o l e s of equine, cattle and sheep. -Size:- Male 3-8 c m - F e m a l e 5 - 10 c m -Shape:- Slender and thread like -Colour:- milky white Spirocerca lupi- adult in wall of esophagus (jar) - Habitat:- Foundi nt u m o u ri nwallo foesophaguso fdog - Size:- M a l e3 - 5. 5c m - F e m a l e5 - 8c m -Shape:- Usuallycoiledi ns p i r a lf o r m. -Colour:- R e dw h e nf r e s h Scanned with CamScanner  H y d a t i d cyst (larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus) - H a b i t a t :- liver a n d l u n g o f h e r b i v o r o u s animals. - Size:- Large (from the size of hen's egg to the size of child's head). - S h a p e -: ovoid cyst with an o p a q u e thick fibrous wall. sample Anolpocephala perfoliata - adult - Habitat -: Small and large intestine of equine. -Size :- 8 cm x 1.2 cm. -The s e g m e n t s are very short and wide. -Scolex is provided with four lappets. Moniezia sp. - adult - Habitat:- Small intestine of ruminants. - Size :- Up to 6 meter long and 2.5 cm width. - The segments are broader than long S c a n n e d with C a m S c a n n e r  Avitellina sp. - adult H a b i t a t :- S m a l l intestine o f r u m i n a n t s - S i z e :- 3 m x 3 m m - The segments are very narrow with unclear segmentation. - Has an opaque central white line (represent uteri and par-uterine organs) in the gravid region. S c a n n e d with C a m S c a n n e r