Parasite Database PDF

Parasite Database Created @February 11, 2024 8:33 PM Class Pathogene Type Project Reviewed Parasite Database Name Common Name Intermediate host Main group Life Cycle Intermediate host: copepod Final host: Human (or dog) turn from L1 larvae to L3; then can mitigate to humans → There Helminth Dracuncu...

Parasite Database Created @February 11, 2024 8:33 PM Class Pathogene Type Project Reviewed Parasite Database Name Common Name Intermediate host Main group Life Cycle Intermediate host: copepod Final host: Human (or dog) turn from L1 larvae to L3; then can mitigate to humans → There Helminth Dracunculus Guinea Worm medinensis (Disease) Nematoda (Roundworms) Roundworms Tissue Copepod or Fish penetrate the host’s stomach or intestinal wall → Mature and reproduce in subcutaneous tissue → fertilized worm migrates into surface of skun and discharges larvae into water Time: 1 year Trichuris spp. Whipworm GI Helminth Nematoda (Roundworms) Soil-transmitted Helminth (STH) - painful migration of worms from stomach to feet - cause ulcers, blisters, enema etc. - susceptible to secondary infection and abscess formation - symptoms: fever, nausea and vomiting to permanent disability 1. through feces fertilized and unfertilized egg enter soil (only often asymptomatic fertilized undergo further development) gut pathology induced by a large 2. Bacteria-triggered hatching in the large intestine 4. L1 larvae penetrate the gut epithelial cells number of burrowing parasites parasites feed on tissue fluid (not blood) 5. L1 and L2 larvae in gut epithelial cells acute or chronic large intestinal diarrhea abdominal pain, rectal prolapse and possibly growth retardation 6. L3 and L4 extend into gut lumen 7. Maturation proceeds in large intestine 8. shedding of unembryonated and embryonated eggs Parasite Database Pathology impaired cognitive development 1 Name Common Name Main group Intermediate host Life Cycle 1. through feces fertilized and unfertilized egg enter soil (only fertilized undergo further development) 2. Development of L3 larva in embryonated egg GI A lumbricoides Giant round worm Helminth Nematoda (Roundworms) Soil-transmitted Helminth (STH) 3. Ingestion of embryonated egg 4. Hatched larvae in small intestine 5. enter circulation and migrate to lungs 6. Larvae are coughep up and swolloed, re-entering GI-tract. 7. Maturation proceeds in small intestine 8. shedding of unembryonated and embryonated eggs N. americanus Hookworm, Sshaped (Also ancylostoma’s) GI Helminth Nematoda (Roundworms) Necator americanus and Ancylostoma Larval migration: verminous pneumonia Adult GI parasitism: 1. Lactose intolerance 2. Vitamin A malabsorption 3. Intestinal obstruction Symptoms: 1. Impaired growth 2. Impaired physical fitness 3. Impaired cognition 4. Reduction in performance Uncinariasis; Necatoriasis duodenale. Soil-transmitted Helminth (STH) Parasite Database Pathology Difference to - L3 skin penetration itchy rash, redness when L3 penetrates ancylostoma? - based on the L4 – adult worms: blood anemia (when L4 morphology of the suckers in the small intestine - draw a villus into their sucks blood from intestine) buccal mouth, rupturing it with teeth capsule and the adult male or plates and start sucking - if no blood leaks anymore, copulatory bursa they move to the next villus proxi: 100 adults/ several - arrangement 10ml/day => of rays within bursa is a intestinal blood loss 2 Name Common Name Main group Intermediate host Life Cycle Pathology characteristic for each species - cutting plates (Necator) or teeth (Ancylostoma) Old world hookworm, CShaped Ancylostoma hookworms are considered If they though zoonotic to be of greater A. medical and GI braziliense /ceylanicum veterinary importance Nematoda (Roundworms) infections because of their Helminth Soil-transmitted Helminth (STH) distribution, (cats/dogs) sometimes, these worms can be not adjusted to humans, aimlessly within the body prevalence, and multiple - percutaneous larval invasion - zoonotic infections, when people walk barefoot over sand where cats/dogs have defecated - manifests as cutaneous larva migrans (CLM) Ancylostomiasis, humans are accidental hosts: larva will die in the skin after several weeks - exemplary timeline over a week zoonotic species compared to Necator hookworms Wucheria bancrofti Filform worm —> 90% of all disease cases mosquitoes Filariae Helminth Soil-transmitted Helminth (STH) = Microfilariae are the larval painful and profoundly stage of certain parasitic disfiguring visible roundworms belonging to the family Filariidae manifestations of the disease – Development as microfilariae lymphoedema, elephantiasis and to L3 in the vector, then enter the human host, released as scrotal swelling (social isolation) microfilariae also Brugia Filform worm malayi —> 10% of all disease cases Filariae Helminth Soil-transmitted Helminth (STH) Tissue ⏬ mosquitoes Development as microfilariae --> tropical (W. bancrofti to L3 in the vector, then enter pulmonary and Brugia spp.) the human host, released as microfilariae eosinophilia (TPE), which is biting midges (M. characterized by asthma-like ozzardi, M. perstans, and symptoms high eosinophil serum M. levels streptocerca) deer flies --> lymphatic damage symptoms (L. loa) --> lymphedema, secondary —> infections --> fever, severe Parasite Database 3 Name Common Name Main group Intermediate host Life Cycle bloodsucking athropods Pathology pain --> untreated hydroceles: urologic complications --> stigmatization with severity of visible disease --> variety of renal abnormalities, including hematuria, proteinuria, nephrotic syndrome, and glomerulonephritis pruritus, dermatitis, onchocercomata (subcutaneous nodules), and lymphadenopathies most serious manifestation consists of ocular lesions that can Filform worm progress to blindness ( - larvae develop in subcutaneous Onchocerca volvulus tissuesfemale size: 33 to 50 cm, one nodule can contain several worms- males measure 19 to 42 mm Filariae Helminth black flies (M. ozzardi and Lifespan: 15 years O. volvulus) In backflies develop from L1 to Soil-transmitted Helminth (STH) Tissue L3, then migrate to humans —> bloodsucking athropods river blindness) --> mf migrated to cornea —> backfly lives in rivers (final host) Concomitan immunity: the condition of persistent (chronic) infection with adult worms, with effective immunity to larval stages of the same pathogen —> infective L3 larvae are eliminated, while adult worms remain unharmed Parasite Database 4