Morphology: A Modern Minimalist Presentation PDF

WHAT IS MORPHOLOGY? MORPHOLOGY In Greek “morph” means form or shape, and “ology” means study. BRANCHES OF MORPHOLOGY Lexical Morphology (Derivational) and Inflectional Morphology MORPHEME The smallest unit of meaning in a word. SIMPLE WORDS COMPLEX WORDS Simple word...

WHAT IS MORPHOLOGY? MORPHOLOGY In Greek “morph” means form or shape, and “ology” means study. BRANCHES OF MORPHOLOGY Lexical Morphology (Derivational) and Inflectional Morphology MORPHEME The smallest unit of meaning in a word. SIMPLE WORDS COMPLEX WORDS Simple words are those which cannot It can be devided into smaller units of be analysed into smaller units of meaning. meaning. example: example: cat printer paper FREE MORPHEME BOUND MORPHEME is one that can stand alone as a word. any morpheme which cannot stand alone. example: example: house plays work kindness high replay chair unable AFFIXES PREFFIX SUFFIX COMPOUNDING Combining two words (Free Morphemes) to create a new word. ACRONYM a economical way of expressing a phrase since the first letter usually of each word in the phase is placed in sequence to form a new word. CLIPPING reducing a longer word to one or two syllables usually by removing some of the latter part. CLIPPED WORDS FRONT CLIPPED WORDS Front part of the word is clipped or removed and the end of the word is retained. BACK CLIPPED WORDS Back part of the word is clipped or removed and the beginning of the word is retained. CLIPPED WORDS MIDDLE CLIPPED WORDS Front and back parts of the word are clipped or removed and only the middle part stays. COMPLEX CLIPPED WORDS A compound word can be clipped or shortened by taking one part from each word creating the compound. I’ll take a plane to go to Beyonce’s concert because I’m a big fan. My doc said that I need to wear my specs when I use my phone. I hope the net is good cause I have an important exam. When I was a teen, I loved sci-fi movies, but now I prefer sitcoms. We usually have brunch at the cafe near my office. BLEND The base words are not joined in their entirely. Instead, part of one word is merged with part of another. CONVERSION NOUN TO VERB Involves transforming a noun into a verb, allowing the noun to describe an action or process. ex: email(N) to email(N) access(N) to access(N) text(N) to text(N) google(N) to google(N) CONVERSION VERB TO NOUN Involves changing a verb into a noun form, enabling the expression of actions or states as entities. ex: to run(V) run(N) to teach(V) teacher(N) to create(V) creation(N) to invstigate(V) investigation(N) CONVERSION ADJECTIVE TO NOUN Involves transforming an adjective into a noun form, allowing for the expression of qualities or states as entities. ex: safe(adj) safety(n) happy(adj) happiness(n) strong(adj) strength(n) wise(adj) wisdom(n) CONVERSION NOUN TO ADJECTIVE Involves transforming a noun into an adjective, enabling the description of qualities or characteristics related to the noun. ex: beauty(n) beautiful(adj) child(n) childish(adj) fame(n) famous(adj) history(n) historical(adj) CONVERSION VERB TO ADJECTIVE Involves transforming a verb into an adjective, allowing the expression of actions or states as qualities that can modify nouns. ex: excite(v) exciting(adj) bore(v) boring(adj) interest(v) interesting(adj) shock(v) shocking(adj) INFLECTIONAL MORPHOLOGY Is the study of processes, including affixation and vowel change that distinguish word forms in certain grammatical categories. Inflectional morphology differs from derivational morphology or word formation. Inflection deals with changes made to existing words while derivation deals with the creation of new words. INFLECTIONAL AFFIXES There are a large number of derivational affixes in english. In contrast, there are only eight inflectional affixes in english, and these are all suffixes. -s noun plural -’s noun possesive -s verb present tense third person singular -ing verb present participle/gerund -ed verb simple past tense -en verb past perfect participle -er adjective comparative -est adjective superlative How Morphology and Phonology interact?  ALLOMORPHS The plural morpheme in English, The past form morpheme [ad] has also usually written as [s], has at least 3 3 allomorphs: allomorphs: 1) [s] as in cats 1) [d] as in called 2) [z] as in dogs 2) [t] as in passed 3) [ad] as in horses 3) [ad] as in wanted STRESS PATTERN When adding a preffix or suffix, the stress pattern shifts. Ex: Happy THANK YOU FOR PARTICIPATING! 1.simple words are those which cannot be analysed into smaller units of meaning. 2.complex words can be devided into smaller units of meaning. 3.free morpheme is one that can stand alone as a word. 4.bound morpheme is any morpheme which cannot stand alone 5.prefix and suffix are affixes. 6.combining two words to create a new word. a.compounding b.acronym c.clipping d.blend 7.a economical way of expressing a phrase since the first letter usually of each word in the phase is placed in sequence to form a new word. a.compounding b.acronym c.clipping d.blend 8.reducing a longer word to one or two syllables usually by removing some of the latter part. a.compounding b.acronym c.clipping d.blend 9.the base words are not joined in their entirely. Instead, part of one word is merged with a part of another. a.compounding b.acronym c.clipping d.blend 10.beginning of the word is clipped or removed and the end of the word is retained. a. front clipped words b.back clipped words c.middle clipped words d.complex clipped words 11. the end of the word is clipped or removed and the beginning of the word is retained. a. front clipped words b.back clipped words c.middle clipped words d.complex clipped words 12.beginning and the end of the word are clipped or removed and only the middle part stays a. front clipped words b.back clipped words c.middle clipped words d.complex clipped words  13.a compound word can be clipped or shortened by taking one part from each word creating the compound a. front clipped words b.back clipped words c.middle clipped words d.complex clipped words