Phil 134 Study Guide PDF

Phil 134 Study Guide 17. Why does Paley think that one infer the existence of a designer when one finds a watch in the wilderness? 18. Is the teleological argument (as developed by Cicero, Aquinas, Paley, and Collins) an a priori argument or an a posteriori argument? 19. What are some of Philo’s/Hu...

Phil 134 Study Guide 17. Why does Paley think that one infer the existence of a designer when one finds a watch in the wilderness? 18. Is the teleological argument (as developed by Cicero, Aquinas, Paley, and Collins) an a priori argument or an a posteriori argument? 19. What are some of Philo’s/Hume’s principle objections to teleological arguments? 20. According to Collins, does the fact that we exist (and that we wouldn’t be here to be surprised if we didn’t exist) show that our existence is not surprising given atheism? 21. Suppose that fine-tuning is good evidence in favor of theism. Is that compatible with the falsity of theism? 22. What is the basic form of Collins’ fine-tuning argument? 23. True or false? According to Plantinga, we should understand the proposition 'there are no limits to what an omnipotent being can do' as implying that God could make a married bachelor. 24. What is the problem of evil? What is it supposed to show? 25. What is the difference between the “logical” problem of evil and the “evidential” argument from evil? 26. When it comes to responses to the problem of evil, what is the difference between a theodicy and a defense? 27. What is the free will defense against the problem of evil? How does it work? 28. What does the skeptical theist say in response to the problem of evil? 29. What are two different responses to skeptical theism (that we have discussed)? 30. What kind of argument is Anselm’s ontological argument, a priori or a posteriori? 31. How does Anselm’s argument work? 32. How does Plantinga’s modal ontological argument work? How can one restate the conclusion of Plantinga’s argument in the form of a disjunction? 33. According to C. S. Lewis, we are forced to believe… what? 34. Why does C. S. Lewis think that our ordinary thought and talk about morality is evidence in favor of theism? 35. What is the Euthyphro dilemma? 36. Why does Wielenberg think that there can be objective moral truths even if theism is false? 37. Does Hume think that the idea of a miracle is incoherent? 38. Why is Hume opposed to believing that miracles occur? 2