Drug Dosage Forms and Administration PDF

Drug Dosage Forms and Administration Drug preparations and dosage forms vary based on : 1. Drug's chemical characteristics 2. Intended use 3. Route of administration. What is physical dosage form? It is the pharmaceutical preparation of a medication for a specifc administration route. This coul...

Drug Dosage Forms and Administration Drug preparations and dosage forms vary based on : 1. Drug's chemical characteristics 2. Intended use 3. Route of administration. What is physical dosage form? It is the pharmaceutical preparation of a medication for a specifc administration route. This could be: 1. Solid (e.g. tablets, capsules) 2. Semisolid (e.g. creams, ointments) 3. Liquid (e.g. syrups, injections) 4. Gases (e.g. O2 , anesthetic gases). Dosage forms can be for systemic use (e.g. injections, tablets) or topical use (e.g. ointments, creams).  what are the use forms of drugs? 1- Systemic 2- Topical Injections (i.v, i.m, applied on skin & s.c) mucous membranes) Tablets include: Capsules Ointments Syrups Creams Suppositories Lotions Transdermal patches Gels Inhalations. Spray Liquids (eg, Eye & Ear drops).  NB: Don’t confuse between topical and local. Topical: is the applicaton of a drug directly onto a specifc area Local: is the delivering method of a drug directly to a specifc area.  Properties of commonly used dosage forms: 1- Tablets and Capsules Composition Absorption Alternative Most tablets and Administration Active drug Flavoring In certain conditions capsules are absorbed Coloring Binders in the alkaline fuids (patients cannot Preservatives of the upper small swallowing ), tablets and Other substances intestine. capsules may be crushed Drug composition and mixed with water for should not alter nasogastric tube drug activity. administration NB: Capsules are enclosed in a gelatin In certain conditions shell (soft or hard). (e.g. Angina and Pectoris ) tablets and capsules are designed to be given sublingually (under the tongue) for rapid onset.  Types of Tablets and Capsules 1 Normal (Regular) 2 Enteric-coated 3 Extended release Standard tablets Designed to protect Also called and capsules as the drug from stomach sustained release described acid or prevent (SR), controlled previously. stomach irritation. release (CR), or Release is delayed long acting (LA). until reaching the intestines. See next slide for its characteristcs  Extended Release Formulations 1 Properties ‣ large active drug doses ‣ maintain consistent serum levels ‣ less frequent administration. 2 Duration ‣ Most last 12-24 hours, with some providing a full week's dosage in one ta ‣ Some drug available in a full week’s dose (e.g. alendronate for osteopo ‫ لههشهاشة لاههعظاهم‬and fuoxetine for depression ‫سبوع‬ ‫بهههه‬ ‫اهل‬ ‫قرههص واههحد‬ ( ‫تئاباههنفسي‬ ‫ل‬ 3 Warning Based on previous characteristics of extended release tablets/capsules: They should never be broken, opened, crushed, or chewed as this can lead to overdose and potential organ damage or death. YOU should instruct ‫تهههِجهه‬ ّ ‫ و‬the Patients to Never crush or Continue… Properties of commonly used dosage form 2- Syrups 3- Injections 4- Suppositories Oral solutions with high Sterile, pyrogen-free Solid preparations preparations for parenteral use Designed to melt or sugar concentrations (eg, IV, IM, SC) dissolve at body (e.g. sucrose). Can be temperature when May be liquid or 1. Solutions: contains one or inserted into rectum, suspension form. more drug substances that vagina, or urethra. Suspensions should be have been dissolved in a shaken before use. suitable solvent or mixture of mutually miscible solvents N.B: Extended release (e.g. normal saline, sterile versions are available. water+furosemide). 2. powders: reconstituted to 5- Aerosols form a solution for parenteral (by inhalation) Packaged under pressure use. It is intended to be applied 3. Ampoules: for single use. directly into the nose 4. Vials: for multiple use. (nasal aerosols), or into respiratory tract (inhalation aerosols) Preparations for Topical use on skin and mucous membrane  Creams and Ointments Semisolid dosage forms for external application to skin or  Gels mucous membranes. Semisolid dosage forms for external application (skin or  Sprays mucous membranes). Some containing Liquid preparations suspended particles. packaged with and without pressure,  Other Forms released through a valve system or Such as: spraying nozzle. Pastes Lotions Powders Common abbreviation and their meaning