Oxford Grammar for Schools Student Book PDF

Oxford Grammar f°i Schools Student's DVD-Rom OXFORD Oxford Grammar for Schools Martin Moore OXPORD UNIVERSITY PRESS OXFORD UNIVERSITY l*RKSS Great Clarendon Street. Oxford. 0x2 6dp, United Kingdom Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It fnrt lid.s the Uni...

Oxford Grammar f°i Schools Student's DVD-Rom OXFORD Oxford Grammar for Schools Martin Moore OXPORD UNIVERSITY PRESS OXFORD UNIVERSITY l*RKSS Great Clarendon Street. Oxford. 0x2 6dp, United Kingdom Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It fnrt lid.s the University"s objective of excellence in research, scholarship. and education by publishing worldwide. Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and in certain other countries ©Oxford University Press 2014 The moral rights of the author have been asserted First published in 2014 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 10 987654321 No unauthorized photocopying All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law. by licence or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organization. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the ELT Riglus Department. Oxford University Press, at the address above You must not circulate this work in any other form and you must impose Ibis same condition on any acquirer links to third party websites are provided by Oxford in good faith and for information only. Oxford disclaims any responsibility for the materials contained in any third party website referenced in this work isbn: 9780194539034 Printed in China This book is printed 011 paper from certified and well-managed sources. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Illustrations by. Judy Brown pp.7.16.21.39.46.71.91.100.106.124.139. 145 (Fx 3). 159.166: Heather Clarke pp.29 (Ex 8). 55.75. 78 (Ex 1). 90. 123. 123 (Ex 1). 136.145 (Prepositions of place). 149.158; James Hart pp.26.29 (Ex 10). 42.58.86.98. 118. 155. 163; Sean Longcroft pp. 18.33.48.65. 85.87. 112. 121. 142.146.152; Oxford University Press pp.107.169; Andy Peters pp.6.11.15.20. 24. 30.35.41.45. 52.57.61. 73. 78(Reported speech). 84.89.96. 103.105.110. 116.120.123 (desert island). 127.132.140.144.148.153.156; Jo,ftyior pp.9.38. 102. 107. 129 We would also like to thank the following for permission to reproduce the following photographs: Alamy pp.94 (Jim Wileman). 154 (credit card/nol>oastsoficrcc). (chips/Viktor Fischer). (dictionaiy/I). Hurst), (swimming hat/Anton Starikov). (keyboard/Zoonar/lgorTerekhov/Zoonar Gmbll). 157 (lunkyfood London/Paul Williams). 159 (Tony French); Corbis p.143 (George Ticdemann/Hisiorical): Getty Images pp.47 (John Lund/Marc Romanelli/BIend Images). 60 (Bob Thomas/ Popperfoto). 70 (Andy Buchanaii/AIT). 72 (Kyu Oh/F.+). 131 (KidStock/Blend Images); Royalty-free pp.17 (RicardoJunqueira). 32 (kangaroo/Photodisc). 32 (tiger/Photodisc). 80 (Tliinksiock). 154 (jainflohn Foxx); Science Photo Library p. 28 (Detlev van Ravenswaay); Sbutterstock pp. 19 (Victor Torres). 23 (Gail Johnson). 32 (gorilla/Eric Issclee). (penguin/Ieksele). 34 (Nataiki). 44 (Josep Pena Llorens). 64 (doishock), 68 (Goodluz). 93 (Bigchen). 101 (Goodluz). 109(woman / humean?). \35\jatevv\\y t.uwgf) f Introduction Oxford Grammar for Schools helps students develop a At the end of the book there are five pages of extra detailed understanding of grammar form and use in information for the information gap activities, a context, and inspires them to have fun with English reference section containing useful form tables, and an through personalized activities, games and role play. irregular verb list. The grammar is introduced or revised through easy- Students can use the Oxford Grammar for Schools series to-read tables and illustrated presentations with clear examples, all level-appropriate. The exercises build in class with any coursebook to support and reinforce from controlled activities up to more communicative their grammar study. The Teacher's Book includes all and productive skills-based activities. In each unit there the answers and audio scripts.There are also tests for ' are several speaking activities where students work every Student s Book unit, and two review tests which can be used at the end of a school term or whenever with each other to use English with improved accuracy and confidence.The extended writing activities also appropriate. encourage students to use language in realistic situations. Student's DVD-ROM The Student's DVD-ROM includes all the exercises in Each unit begins with a 'Can do' statement, which the Student's Book, as well as all the audio recordings summarizes what students will be able to achieve on for the listening and pronunciation activities. Students completion of the unit. At the end of each unit isa self- can also access and print out extra interactive evaluation table. Students should be encouraged to activities, giving them motivating additional practice rate their progress in each exercise, which helps them for homework. The teacher can also use the DVD-ROM to take responsibility for their own learning and also on an interactive whiteboard in class. increases motivation. Key to the symbols O 0.0 (0.0 = track number) Listening activity Speaking activity Game / Extended writing activity © Pronunciation activity * Introductory exercise * * Moderately challenging exercise * * Most challenging exercise A difficulty rating is given to each exercise. The scale of difficulty is relative to each unit, so there are exercises with one, two, and three stars in every unit. Introduction 3 Contents 1 Nouns, quantities and articles Countable, uncountable and plural nouns 6 Quantities: a/an/some; container words Articles: the/a/an/no article 2 Some and any; indefinite Some/any/no; requests and offers 11 pronouns Indefinite pronouns: some-/any-/every-/no- 3 Quantifiers Much, many, a lot of, a few, a little 15 Too much, too many, (not) enough 4 Personal pronouns; impersonal Personal pronouns 20 there and it/they Impersonal it/they and there 5 Demonstratives and possessives Demonstrative pronouns: this/that/these/those; one/ones 24 Possessive adjectives; possessive pronouns; possessive's Revision 1 Units 1-5 27 6 Present simple and continuous Present simple and continuous contrast 30 7 Past simple Past simple: regular verbs 35 Past simple: be Past simple: irregular verbs Time expressions: in, last, yesterday, on, ago 8 Past continuous Past continuous: time expressions 41 Past continuous or past simple? When/while 9 Present perfect Present perfect: time expressions (unfinished); gone vs been 45 Present perfect with just, already, yet and still Present perfect with since and for 10 Present perfect and past simple Present perfect and past simple contrast 52 11 Past perfect Past perfect vs past simple; conjunctions when/by the time/ 57 before/after/the first time 12 The future Be going to + the infinitive 61 Will + the infinitive Shall...? Present continuous for future Will vs going to i Revision 2 Units 6-12 67 13 To + the infinitive and the -ing To + the infinitive 73 form -ing form: go + -ing; -ing as subject Verbs with to + the infinitive or -ing 14 Reported speech Tense changes 78 Pronoun changes Say vs tell Time and place references Revision 3 Units 13-14 82 15 Can, could, be able to Can, could, be able to: ability 84 Can and could: permissions and requests 16 Must, have to, should, needn't Must, have to: necessity and obligation 89 Mustn't, don't have to, needn't: permission and obligation Should, must: advice and recommendation 4 Contents Revision 4 Units 15-16 94 17 Question words What, when, where, who, why, how 96 What vs which Whose vs who's How + adjective/adverb Subject and object questions 18 Question tags Pronunciation and meaning: checking information; 103 helping conversation 19 Relative pronouns Who, which, that: subject and object relative pronouns 105 Relative clauses with when and where 20 Connectors And, but, or 110 Because, so, although When, while Revision 5 Units 17-20 114 21 Prepositions of place Zero conditional 116 First conditional - 22 Second conditional Second conditional 120 First vs second conditional. 23 I wish I wish + past simple 123 I wish + would Revision 6 Unit 21-23 125 24 Comparison: adjectives and Comparative and superlative adjectives 127 adverbs Not as... as; less... than - Comparison of adverbs 25 Position: adjectives and adverbs Position of adjectives 132 Position of adverbs Too and enough Revision 7 Units 24-25 138 26 Prepositions of time At, in, on 140 After, before, during, for By, from... until 27 Prepositions of place and In, at, on + place 144 movement Prepositions of place Prepositions of movement 28 Expressions with prepositions By, for, in, on, with 148 Revision 8 Units 26-28 151 29 Active and passive Active vs passive 153 Present simple passive By + agent 30 Past passive Past simple passive 156 Revision 9 Units 29-30 158 Revision 10 All units 160 Extra information 168 Reference 173 Irregular verb list 176 Contents 5  Nouns, quantities and articles I can use countable and uncountable nouns and articles. Countable, uncountable and plural nouns Spelling rules Most nouns: + -s pencil - pencils car - cars Nouns ending in -s, -ss, -sh, -ch, -x: -es glass - glasses box - boxes Nouns ending in-o: -s piano- pianos radio- radios There are two exceptions: potato - potatoes tomato - tomatoes Nouns ending in consonant + -y: y -» ies s tra wberry - s tra wberr es city - cities But nouns ending in vowel + -y: -s oy - toys day - days t Nouns ending in -f or -fe: -> -ves leaf-leafes knife- knives Countable nouns have singular and plural forms. one ruler two rulers A few nouns have irregular plurals. man -» men fish -»fish one woman three women woman -» women mouse -> mice Uncountable nouns only have a singular form. We child -» children goose -» geese cannot count them. person people foot -» feet sheep sheep tooth teeth waters water moneys money Write the words in the correct place. apple burger cheese coffee egg fruit O %2 O 1.1 Circle the correct answer. Then listen and check. O grape oil orange pasta rice salt ÿ I like fast car/cars. sandwich toast vegetable water 1 Have you got any bread / breads? 2 I often eat grape/grapes for lunch. Countable Uncountable 3 Do you listen to music / musics in the car? 4 Tony doesn't enjoy exam / exams. l-pple 5 They don't understand the homework / f homeworks. 6 Have you got any information / informations about the museum? 7 I can't find my money / moneys. 8 Lucy bought some T-shirt /T-shirts for her holiday. 9 He arrived late because of the traffic / traffics. 10 I offered him some fruit/fruits. 6 Nouns, quantities and articles  3 Write the plural form if the noun is countable. ÿ baby babies 7 petrol 01.2 What are they talking about? Listen and number from 1-8. O ÿ rice 8 person 1 station 9 advice 2 knife 10 tooth 3 rain 11 education 4 party 12 child - 5 13 journey money 6 dress 14 electricity Quantities We use a or an with singular countable nouns. I'd like an orange. Have you got a phone? We use a before a consonant sound and an before a vowel sound. a computer a house a university (starts with /j/ consonant sound) an apple an island an hour (starts with /ao/ vowel sound) We don't usually use a or an with uncountable nouns. Ifd like & cheese. We use some with uncountable nouns and plural countable nouns. We've got some homework tonight. They need some books. If we want to count uncountable nouns, we sometimes use a word for a container (bottle, cup) or quantity (kilo, litre) with of. See page 173 for a list of words. 5 Complete the sentences with the words in the box. You can use words more than once. 6 Match the beginnings and ends of the sentences. a an a cup a kilo some ÿ Have you got a bag of d ? 1 Let's get her a box of _. ÿ I'd like to listen to zom music. 2 Check in the fridge. I don't think we've got any 1 My cousins live in_apartment. 2 Please put_butter on my sandwiches. 3 Can you get me an _ 3 Can you buy me_of cheese? 4 I need two packets of 4 Bill has got_old watch. 5 There isn't any. _ 5 I'd like_water. 6 Mrs Jackson is_science teacher. a milk 7 Would you like_of tea? b biscuits 8 The police officer wants_information c chocolates about the accident. d-fleur 9 That's_long email. e oil 10 They need new equipment for the gym. f apple Unit 1 7 Articles: the, a/an or no article A/an The We use a/an when we talk about something and We use the when we talk about something and the ' we don t know which one, or it isn't important speaker and the listener know which one we are which one. talking about. I'd like a sandwich, please. Would you like the cheese or the chicken sandwich? What sort would you like? We've got cheese or chicken. Could I have the cheese sandwich, please? Have you got a laptop? (= any laptop. The speaker Did you bring the laptop? (=The speaker and the listener doesn't know which one.) both know which laptop they are talking about.) We use a/an when we talk about something for We use the when we talk about something for the first time. the second time. She's got a bicycle. The bicycle is blue. She's got a bicycle. The bicycle is blue. We also use a/an when we are talking about We also use the before ordinal numbers in dates, ' ' someone s job and when we mean 'one. especially when we are speaking. He's an actor. She's a teacher. the third of January the tenth of May a hundred people an hour We use the when we talk about musical instruments. I play the piano. She plays the guitar. No article In some cases, we do not use a/an or the with a noun. We do not use articles with plural nouns or uncountable ' nouns in general, when we mean 'all. Fruit is good for you. The fruit is good for you. Nurses work in hospitals. The nurses work in hospitals, Homework is important. We do not use articles with names of people, cities, most countries, streets, languages or school subjects. Emily lives in Australia. My school is on Oaktree Road. My school is on the Oaktree Road. I speak Russian. I speak the Russian She unders tands Arabic. I study maths. I study the maths. I enjoy physics. Complete the sentences to describe these jobs. architect doctor dentist farmer hairdresser mechanic waiter police officer shop assistant ÿ Doctors help sick people to get better. 1 repair cars and lorries. ' 2 cut people s hair. 3 grow food and look after animals. 4 catch criminals and protect people. 5 serve food and drinks in restaurants. 6 design houses and other buildings. 7 sell products in shops. 8 look after people's teeth. 8 Nouns, quantities and articles  8 ©O 1.3 Read the information, then listen and Sil Look at the picture below for one minute. repeat the words. an and the are normally not stressed. A , O Cover the picture, then ask and answer questions about these things with your partner. They have 'weak' vowel sounds. apple banana brown bag blue book a =/o/ a concert bottle of water cat computer guitar before a consonant sound a postcard jacket lamp red bag red pen phone an =/on/ an actor purse television tennis racket white book before a vowel sound an exam is there ciuv a-p-ple? the market yes, there is a ÿApple. the =/do/ The crpple is oia, the table. the radio before a consonant sound No, there isvÿft is there a baiÿiÿa? the university a baÿaÿa. the = /di/ the airport before a vowel sound the umbrella ©O 1.4 Tick (ÿ) the correct sound. Listen and check. Then listen and repeat. O ÿ - new coat 5 -amazing gÿme /o/ 0 /on/ ÿ /o/ O /on/ ÿ 1 _easy question 6 _important lo! ÿ /an/ ÿ point Ida/ ÿ /di/ ÿ 2 _first prize /do/ ÿ /di/ ÿ small problem /o/ O /on/ [J 3 _brilliant film /o/ ÿ /on/ ÿ 8 _usual song /6o/ O /di/ o 4 _old school /do/ ÿ /di/ ÿ 10 Circle the correct word. ÿ 'I'd like a / the drink '. ' 1 There are some books and a magazine.' Water or juice?' O «12 O 1.5 Number the sentences from 1 to 6. 'Can ' Then listen and check. I read a / the magazine? 2 My dad is an / the engineer. On the desk is a computer and next 3 The fridge is in a / the kitchen. ' to it is a lamp. 4 Can I borrow a / the pen?' 'Yes. Would you like blue or black?' There is a big bedroom and a small 5 'Is there a / the computer in your classroom?' bedroom. ' No, there isn't.' 6 'Can I have a / the banana?' 'Sorry.That banana c - The computer has a webcam. is for your dad.' 7 'I'm reading a new book.' 'What is a / the book d i My house has got two bedrooms. ' about? 8 'Where is a / the car?' 'It's over there.' e _ I use the webcam when I talk to my 9 'How long is the journey?' 'An /The hour and cousin in Australia. fifteen minutes.' 10 I don't know an / the answer to this question. f _ The small bedroom belongs to me and it has got a small bed, a desk and a wardrobe. Unit 1 9 * 13 Complete the sentences with the or - (no article). Write about your partner, using the information from exercise 14. ÿ We normally eat - pasta twice a week. 1 The summer holiday starts on tenth of July. vCc-fey was born on the twelfth of.September. she lives at... 2 We make-paper from _ wood. ' 3 Don't look directly at _ sun. It s dangerous. 4 Was_ fish good yesterday? 5 Mike speaks_German and_Turkish. 6 We have-science at eleven o'clock on 7 Mondays. Which shoes do you prefer? I like_red ones. * 17 01.7 Complete the dialogue with a, an, some, the or - (no article).Then listen and check. O 8 Jill plays_piano beautifully. Henry How are you, Paul? Paul ' I ve got an exam next week, so I m ' 9 Mary lives on Bridge Road.. a bit nervous. 10 Do you have. sugar in your coffee? Henry You aren't normally nervous. *14 O 1.6 Listen and complete the table.. Paul I know, but I want to become ,_ Use a, an, the or - (no article). doctor, so2_exam is very important. Henry Really? the seventh Paul Date of birth Yes, it's the most important subject for of August 3 _ doctors. Henry So, are you studying hard? Address Paul Yes. I'm doing4_revision at the Avenue ' moment. But I ve got5_problem. father is My cousins from f_ Australia are Parents'jobs going to be here for a week and I want to mother is spend some time with them. Henry When do they arrive? Paul On '_seventh. The day before Favourite f 1. a _ exam. What do you think? Are subjects ' _ exams more important than 10 _ families? Musical plays Henry That's difficult. You need to talk to your instrument parents. Future plans to be Self-evaluation Rate your progress. £15 Work in pairs. Ask your partner questions u u and write the information in the table. Date of birth Address Parents'jobs Favourite subjects Musical instrument Future plans when were you bom-, victey? ov\> the twelfth of septetber. 10 Nouns, quantities and articles  Some and any; indefinite pronouns can use some, any and indefinite pronouns. Some and any I haven't got aiÿLj hoaceworte tovúght. yes please, Ton*,. Tfrat's very \zlÿd C-fliA, i do auÿutViÍM to het-p? There's sow~e waslúiAg-u-p to do. We use some and any with uncountable nouns We can sometimes use any in affirmative sentences, {bread, money) or plural countable nouns (apples, shoes). to mean 'it doesn't matter which'. ' (We use a/an with singular countable nouns.) Which bus do I take?' fYou can take any bus. They all go to the town centre.' We normally use some in affirmative sentences, and any in negative sentences and questions. We sometimes use no for emphasis instead of ' I d like some chips. not... any. There isn't any bread. There isn't any bread left. -» There's no bread left! Have you got any homework? But we can use some in questions if we are making a request or an offer. Can I have some water? Would you like some help? * Circle the correct word. 2 Read the answers and write the questions. ÿ I've got any / some water in my bag. ÿ is there aia-m i-vúlte lvv the -fridge? ÿ There aren't any / some computers in this room. Yes, there is some milk in the fridge. 2 My mum eats an / some egg for breakfast. 3 There aren't any / some tomatoes in our fridge. Yes, please. I'd like some coffee. 4 Be careful. There's any / some ice on the road. 5 I haven't got a / any pen. Can you lend me one? No. They haven't got any money. 6 My dad doesn't do any / some work at the weekends. No. There aren't any fish in the lake. 7 I've downloaded a / some new music onto my iPod. Sure. You can have some paper. 8 Our teacher gave us any / some good advice before the exam. Yes. She's got some new friends. 9 I would like any / some fruit for lunch. 10 I haven't got a / any money in my pocket. Yes. There are some empty tables. No, sorry. You can't have any ice cream. No, thanks. I wouldn't like any lemonade. Unit 2 11  3 Write the second sentence so that it means the same as the first. Use no. 6 O 2.1 Complete the dialogue with some, any, a, an, or no. Then listen and check. O ÿ There isn't any salt in my pasta. Mum: We've got some friends coming here for There's no salt in my pasta. _ dinner tonight. 1 He hasn't got any equipment. Oscar: Would you like '_help? Mum: Yes, please. I'm making spaghetti but 2 There weren't any buses yesterday. there's2_pasta in the cupboard. Oscar: OK. I'll go to the supermarket and buy 3 There isn't any water in the pool. 3 _ spaghetti. Do we need 4_ other food? 4 We haven't got any time for shopping. Mum: Let's think. I've got®_ meat, tomatoes and - onion. 5 I haven't got any minutes on my phone. So we don't need 8_ more food. But we haven't got _ drinks. 10 4 Circle the correct option. Oscar: OK. I'll get juice. What type would ÿ I need to go to the shops. We've / We haven't you like? Mum: Get1, type of juice. I don't mind. got any bread.._ _ 1 'Which film should we watch?' Oscar: OK. I'm going to Fred's house first and then ' I'll go to the supermarket. You can / can't choose any DVD. I don't mind.' 2 You can / can't have any sandwich.They all cost Mum: There's,2_time to go to Fred's house. the same. I need those things immediately. 3 I can't make a cake.There are / aren't any eggs. Oscar: OK. 4 He's very unhealthy. He eats / doesn't eat any vegetables. Work in pairs. Read the instructions and 5 'Where can I get that book?' write a dialogue. Use some, any, a and an. 'It's easy. You can / can't buy it in any bookshop.' Act out the dialogue with your partner. 6 There's / There isn't any time to have breakfast. Student A: Say you're making dinner. You're late for school. 7 She's got / She hasn't got any interest in football, Student B: Offer to help. but she likes basketball. Student A: Ask student B to go to the shop and 8 Ask / Don't ask me any question and I will answer it. buy food. Student B: Ask student A what they need. JT Complete the sentences with the words in Student A: Say you have meat, peppers and the box. Use a, an, any, some or no at least onions but you don t have carrots or , once. rice. apple cheese coffee soup eggs Student B*. Say you will get carrots and rice; ask if homework information jacket money student A has drinks. knives plates trainers sugar Student A: Say you haven't got cola; ask student B ÿ Can I have some information about train times? to buy cola. 1 Have you got_to wear for the tennis lesson? Student B: Say you will buy cola. 2 There are-and forks on the table. 3 We haven't got_so we can't buy the tickets. I ' m making dinner now. 4 'Is there in your lunchbox?"Yes, a nice red juicy one.' Would you. titee some hel-p? 5 Shall I make you_ sandwiches ? 6 Are there_? I want to make an omelette. 7 There's_in this drink. It's healthy. 8 Would you like_ for lunch? It,s cold today. _ 9 Have you got_ ? You have school tomorrow. 10 Put on_It's raining. 12 some and any; indefinite pronouns Indefinite pronouns t 9 O 2.2 Complete the words with some-, any-, or no-. Then listen and check. O We use indefinite pronouns when we talk about an unknown thing (something), person (someone, somebody) or place (somewhere).. someone is talking to your dad. Who is it? He's really lazy. He didn't do_thing yesterday. O There's someone at the door. I don't know who it is.. body enjoyed the film. It was terrible. Did you do anything on Sunday? There's_thing on the roof of the house.' I can't find it anywhere. ' It's a cat!' I went to Pat's house but there wasn't_one some- any- every- no- there. someone anyone everyone no one My town is boring. There's_where to go in somebody anybody everybody nobody the evening. ' I can hear_body's phone.' something anything everything nothing ' It's mine.Thanks!' somewhere anywhere everywhere nowhere 7 < How much does it cost?''_thing. It's free!' ' 8 _ one can do that. It s easy. We use pronouns with some- in affirmative sentences 9 Can we go_where quiet? ' and pronouns with any- in negative sentences and 10 I don't like sport, books or computer games.' ' questions. See page 11 for the rules. Do you like_thing?' - one and -body have the same meaning. Someone/Somebody wants to talk to you. io o 2.3 Listen to the interviews with Gemma and John and complete the table with names and O We use a singular verb with every- and no-. words from the box. Is everything OK? in another town basketball dance fishing No one enjoys exams. flute football golf painting piano We normally use only one negative word. at a sports centre swimming tennis We did 11't see anything. We die ÿ T see nothing* No one said anything. No one said nothing, Gemma's family John's family - 8 Circle the correct word. I can't find my pen anything / anywhere. O Who does what sport? basketball We'd like something / someone to drink. Everyone / Everywhere is looking at us. Where? I m bored. There s nothing / no one on TV. ' ' Can anything / anybody answer this question? They want to go something / somewhere in Who plays Europe for their holidays. what I don't like exams. I always forget everything / instrument? everyone. All the cafés are closed. There's nowhere / nobody to eat. Other activities? 8 Be quiet! Don't say anything / anyone. 9 Can someone / somewhere close the window, please? 10 It wasn't funny. Nobody / Nothing laughed. Complete these questions with indefinite pronouns. Then ask and answer the questions with a partner. Does_in your family do sport? Is there_to do sport near your house? Does_in your family play a musical instrument? Does anyone do_else? Unit 2 13 12 O 2.4 Complete the dialogue with the words in 14 Say a sentence using an indefinite the box. Then listen and check. © ' pronoun. Your partner guesses if it s Sodif_enjoyth liday? true or false. anything anywhere everyone everythin , nothing someone something somewhere re sovueone tfv my family has greei-v eyes. May Hi, Jill. How was your holiday? Did you go luujwkere nice? i thli-Ue that's false, i don't thli>Ue f Jill Yes, we went to Fethiye in Turkey. anyone In your family has Qreevÿ eyes. May How was it? Jill ' was perfect. The weather was There's nothing in my -pocteet. " _ brilliant, the people were friendly and the hotel was nice. I thlfUe that's true. "There's nothing in, 2 May Did you do. interesting? your -pocket. Jill At the start of the week we were really tired, so we did 3_We just sat by the pool. Then4_told us that we could hire a 15 Circle the correct option. boat, so we went sailing every day. Everyone was / were very tired. May That sounds lovely. And what was the food I saw anybody / somebody famous yesterday. like? There's / There are nothing in the cupboard. Jill It was great. My favourite was5_ She ate a / some bread and cheese. called Pilis Dolma. You make it with chicken We went something / somewhere very and spices. It was delicious. interesting. May They didn't find / found nothing under the chair. Jill Yes. We all loved it. But I don't think we'll He's funny. Anyone / Everyone likes him. go back. My parents prefer to go7_ Can I have any / some salt, please? different every year. 8 Don't phone anyone / anything after 10 p.m. 9 Everything is / are very expensive. 13 W Write a letter about a bad holiday. Use the 10 I've /1 haven't got no money! / phrases below, with indefinite pronouns. Invent other information. _ was terrible was unfriendly Self-evaluation Rate your progress. stayed old and uncomfortable u u u didn't do exciting there was interesting to visit didn't meet nice ate bad etA-joyed It I was oia. holiday last weete. sverything was terrible. 14 some and any; indefinite pronouns  Quantifiers I can talk about quantity. Much, many, a lot of, a few, a little We use much, many, a lot of, a few and a little to talk about quantity. We use a lot of or lots of to mean a large quantity. We use them in affirmative sentences (except in formal written English, where we can use, for example, a (large) number of). We've got a lot of cafés in our town. We normally use much and many in negative sentences and questions. She hasn't got much money. Do you watch many films? How much milk do you drink? We use a lot of or lots of with countable and uncountable nouns. We use singular verbs with uncountable nouns and plural verbs with countable nouns. There's lots of food to eat. There are a lot of pictures in this book. II \\- i I am II We use a little and a few to mean a small quantity. Uncountable Countable We use them in affirmative sentences and requests nouns nouns or offers. a lot of / lots of a lot of/lots of I need a little help with my homework. f \ ff 1 wiirmduve ÿtl\fA Would you like a few chips? a little a few We can sometimes use quantifiers without nouns, Negative not much not many when it is clear what we mean. ' Is there much bread left?' 'No. Not much.' Questions much many ' i _ How many people were at the concert?' 'A lot.' Circle the correct option. ÿ Lots of my friends live / lives near my school. O * 2 O 3.1 Complete the sentences with much or many. Then listen and check. O 1 There is / are a lot of lemonade in your fridge. ÿ We haven't got much coffee. 2 There is / are a lot of dirty socks in your bedroom. 1 There weren't-cars in the car park. 3 A lot of their music is / are very loud. 2 Do you get_snow in your country? 4 Lots of famous footballers drive / drives fast cars. 3 I don't need money. 5 There was / were lots of rain yesterday. 4 Did_people go swimming yesterday? 6 A lot of children study / studies English. 5 There aren't_things to do here. ' 7 A lot of information about computers is / are 6 Do they speak French?' 'No. Not_.' difficult to understand. 7 They didn't eat_cake. 8 There is / are lots of kangaroos in Australia. 8 There aren't_trees in this park. 9 Lots of coffee come / comes from Africa. 9 Did your teacher give you_ advice about 10 There was / were a lot of biscuits in the the exam? cupboard. 10 I can't see_boats on the sea. Unit 3 15  Write questions with you and much or many. ÿ spend/time on the internet 5 send/text messages t>o iaou much time the iuÿteriÿet? ? _ 1 play /football 6 know /people from other countries ? 2 have got/cousins _ ? 7 eat/fast food 3 do/homework _ ? f 8 have got / money in your pocket 4 have got/computers at your school _ ? 7 Ask and answer questions from exercise 3. 6 Look at the pictures. Complete the sentences with a few, a little or a lot of. O you speimuch time ovÿthe iiÿterÿet? yes. I speiÿd a Lot of time on the Internet. 5 Rewrite negative sentences as affirmative, and affirmative sentences as negative. ÿ They haven't got many books. There's a lot of snow. 1 There are cars. They've got a Lot of books. _ ÿ There's a lot of work to do. There isn,t much _ work to do. 1 There are lots of mountains in this area. _ mountains in this area. 2 We haven't got much time. _ time. 2 There's - milk. 3 This car uses a lot of petrol. 3 There are _ biscuits. _ petrol. 4 Vicky has got lots of friends. _ friends. 5 There weren't many difficult questions. _ difficult questions. 6 She watches a lot of television. _ television. 4 There's_ work. 5 There are people. 7 A lot of children enjoy cooking. _ _ children enjoy cooking. 8 There isn't much sugar in this coffee. _ sugar in this coffee. 9 There's a lot of snow here at the moment. _ snow here at the moment. 6 There are children. 7 There's _ water. 16 Quantifiers and pronouns  Complete the text with words from the box. Ask and answer the questions in lots of much a-few a few some some exercise 9 with a partner. many little a lot of r>o you have m.uch breakfast? Mum, I need a little help for» f ffW minutes. ' I ve got, _ packing to do and there isn t ' I have a lot of breakfast, i eat a Lot 2 _ time before the next bus. Please of toast with jam,, a little yoghurt, could you help me pack my shirts? I need to take a few-pieces of-fruít, aÿd i driiÿhz 3 _ T-shirts for two weeks but I only need , lots of tea. 4 _ jumpers. ¡8 O 3.2 Listen to Katy talking about what she eats ÿ and drinks. Complete the table with not much, not many, a lot of, a few, a little, no. iA-ot m-uch breakfast potatoes orange juice biscuits toast fruit meat water chicken tea fish coffee pasta fizzy rice drinks Too much, too many and enough We use too much and too many with nouns to say W Read the questions. Then write about the that there is a bigger quantity than we want or need. yr/ things you eat and drink. Answer all the The bus is going to be late. questions. There's too much traffic.. Do you have much breakfast? We use too much with uncountable nouns and. Do you eat much meat or fish?. Do you prefer pasta rice or potatoes? , too many with countable nouns. We use them in affirmative sentences.. Do you eat many sweet things (biscuits , cake, etc.)? You put too much sugar in my coffee. There are too many books. I can't carry them all.. Do you eat much fruit? Do you eat many vegetables? We use enough to say that there is the correct. What do you drink? quantity. We use not enough to say that there is a smaller quantity than we want or need - it is the I have a lot of breatefast. I eat a lot of toast with opposite of too much/many. We use enough with jlkK, a little y 00hurt, a few-pieces of fruit, avuA uncountable and countable nouns. f i striate lots of tea. ' It costs £25. Have you got enough money?' fYes. I've got£30: ) Can I sit down?' 'I'm sorry. There aren't enough chairs.' We can sometimes use too much/many and (not) enough without nouns, when it is clear what we mean. ' Here's some cake.' 'That's too much. I can't eat all that.' ' Would you like some more coffee?' 'No, thank you. I've had enough.' We can also use too and enough with adjectives. See Unit 25. Unit 3 17 11 Look at the pictures. Circle the correct option. ¿12 Complete the sentences with too much, too many, enough or not enough. ÿ We can't get on the bus. There are too kKflntj people. 1 There's_ luggage. You can't take all that. 2 Can I make some coffee?' 'No, ' there's_time. We have to leave immediately.' 3 There's enough /isn'tenough 3 ' Would you like more chips? No, thanks. I've got ' ' snow. / 4 There's-traffic. We're going to be late. 5 'Where are we meeting? And ' ' what time? 'I don t know. There's_ information.' 6 'I'm really hot!' 'You're wearing _ clothes. ' 1 There are enough/aren't 4 There's enough / isn't enough 7 ' It's a long way to enough fingers. money. London.' 'Don't worry. We've got_petrol.' 8 There are_ advertisements at the cinema. You have to wait a long time for the film to start. 9 'Does Jill do_ homework?' 'Yes. She's a very ' good student. 10 He's feeling sick. He drank 2 There are enough / aren't 5 There are enough / aren't _ cola. enough computers. enough players. 13 O 3.3 Listen to Emma talking about environmental problems. Write sentences about her opinions, using too much, too many ÿ§r or not enough. ÿ There,s vÿot ewugh clean air. 1 _pollution. 2 _cars and lorries. 3 _bicycles. 4 _trees. 5 _electricity. 6 _televisions and computers. 7 _solar power. 18 Quantifiers and pronouns  14 Student A says a sentence using too much, too many or not enough. Student B In winter, there's "much snow and that's great for ' changes the sentence to give the skiing. But in the summer there s '2not enough ' opposite meaning. Use the words in the rain, so you can t do outdoor activities very often. box or your own ideas. buses cafés chips clothes exams films ÿ There are 6 food homework money noise paper ÿ ÿ 7 shoes shops snow time traffic 8 1 9 2 10 My sister Mas got too n4-at/uj shoes. 3 11 4 12 5 My sister hasn't got euvou.0h shoes. £16 Read the text in exercise 15 again. Then write about your town. I haven't got efvough paper. cafés cinemas houses noise people I ' ve got too \m.u.cM paper. pollution rain shops snow supermarkets traffic trees parks roads ;í15 Some of the bold words are incorrect. Write the " Tftere are a lot of good tlúi/vgs about towi-v. There are... correct words or tick (ÿ) if the words are correct. Self-evaluation Rate your progress. u u u There's a lot of good things about my town. First it's a beautiful place, with lots of parks and , trees. There are also ,a lot mountains near the town, and in winter you can see 2much snow. Second, there isn't 3enough traffic, so it's quiet and we don t get "much pollution. " There are, however, fa little bad things. fThere ' aren t much to do in the evening. There isn't a cinema; there are only 7a few cafés; and ®there are many clothes shops, so we have to go to the next town to buy clothes. Fortunately, there are 'many supermarkets, so we always have 10enough food! Unit 3 19 a Personal pronouns; impersonal there and it/they I can use personal and impersonal pronouns. Personal pronouns ' lder thflfv Wivu, A I m, o he's taller than. Subject Object 1 me you you Singular he him she her it it we us Plural you you they them Pronouns refer to nouns. We often use them to avoid repeating a noun. We always use a subject with a verb. Subject Verb Object Helen knows Lucy and Ben. She likes them. Uke-s4kem, Helen knows Lucy and Ben. We use it for things and animals. f , I ve goto new phone. It s really nice. She likes them. This is my horse. Would you like to ride it? * 1 Choose the correct pronoun. ; í 2 Read Lucy's sentences about her friends, Anna ÿ She / Her is a teacher. and Tom. Complete the sentences with the ÿ correct pronouns. 1 Our grandmother lives with we/us. ÿ Mrs Fox has two children: Anna and Tom. ihey 2 They / Them weren't at school today. are in my class. 3 I / me am reading an interesting book. 1 Anna is very nice. I like_a lot 4 I'd like to meet he/him. 2 Tom bought a new pen, but he lost_ 5 This pen belongs to she/her. yesterday. 3 Anna and I are friends_often do our 6 Can we/ us go to the park? homework together. 7 Jane and Sarah didn't wait for they / them. 4 Anna and Tom were at the shopping centre on 8 Where does he/him live? Saturday. I saw_at the bookshop. 9 Harry sat down next to I / me. 5 Tom likes computer games_plays them 10 I think she/her is funny. every day. 6 Anna and Tom visited the Khalifa Tower last year. ' _ s incredibly tall! 7 I was late yesterday but Anna waited for_ , 8 Tom has two good friends, Robert and Fred. They goto school with_ 9 Anna's got dark hair but_'s got blue eyes. 10 Mrs Brown is one of our teachers. She teaches _ history. 20 Personal pronouns; impersonal there and it/they 13 ©4.1 O 4.1 Listen Listen and choose the and choose the correct correct picture. picture. Í ¿lEj * 5 Read the text and look at the pronouns in bold. UW Write the noun for each pronoun. My name's Jack. I am 15 years old and I live in Manchester. 'lt is a big city in England and I love 2it. ' Ive got a brother called Bill. 3He is also 15 years old. That s because "we are twins. Actually, 5he is ' ten minutes older than fme! Bill and I go to the same school, but I don't see ' him in lessons because the teachers put ®us in different classes. My best friends are Ben and Richard. I see 9them every weekend, because '°theyplay basketball in the same team as me. ÿ lacte 6 1 _ 7 2 _ 8 3 _ 9 4 _ 10 5 _ | 6 O 4.2 Complete the dialogue with subject and object pronouns. Then listen and check. Kim Hi, Jane. How are you ? , ' Jane _ m fine. What are you doing? m going to Emily s house. ' ' Kim I Jane Emily? But2-'s still at school. Kim Are you sure? I spoke to her this morning and she agreed to meet'_at four o ' clock at her house. Jane Well, I saw4_at school. She was with Beth.5_were talking to Mr Salmon. Kim Who's he? I don't know&_ 7 ' Jane _ s the music teacher. Beth and Emily play in the orchestra. I think he was talking to®_about the music concert. Kim OK. So, Emily isn't at her house now. What should I do? Work in pairs. Student A says the name Jane Come to my house.5_can do our of a famous person or people. Student B homework together. says a sentence using a pronoun. Kim Do you understand ,°_? Jane Yes. she's from. America. Kim I don't. Maybe you can help 1'_! I saw olm ov* TV yesterday. t They're footballers. Unit 4 21 Impersonal it/they and there We sometimes use it as an impersonal subject. In 8 O 4.3 Listen to two students playing the guessing game Where in the world am I?' ' Complete the chart using full sentences. O these cases, it doesn't mean a person or a thing. Local time It's 2-p.m.. We use it to talk about: the weather dates Weather It's sunny. It's Thursday. Distance the time It's the tenth of February. from London It's half past three. distance Population It's 120 kilometres to London. Interesting We use impersonal there + be to say that something exists. The real subject comes after the verb. There's a book under your chair. There are some new computers in our classroom. We often use impersonal there + be with some or Now play the game with your with numbers. partner. Student A looks at page 168 There are 30 people in my class. for information. Student B looks at There was some cheese in the fridge. page 170. Ask and answer questions There or it/they? and complete the chart. Can you guess the place? We use impersonal there + be when we talk Beijing (China) Dubai (UAE) about something for the first time. When we talk about it a second time we use it or they. New Delhi (India) New York (USA) , Therefs a spider in the bathroom. (= new information) London time 12 p.m. It's very big! (We know you're talking about the spider now) Student A Student B There are a lot ofadvertisements on TV. (= new Local time information) Weather I think theyfre boring. (We know 'they' means the advertisements) Distance from London S7 Circle the correct option. ÿ There's / It's the fourteenth of July. O Population Interesting sights 1 There's / It's quarter past six. 2 There's/It's hot and sunny today. City 3 There's / It's a good film on at the cinema. 4 There's / It's Friday today. what tim¿ Is It your towiA,? 5 There's/It's someone at the door. 6 There are / It's four kilometres to my school. it's seven o'clock, in the vÿorvúvÿ. 7 There was/It was windy yesterday. 8 There's / It's some oil on your trousers! 9 There was / It was a pencil on the desk. 10 There was / It was the seventeenth on Sunday. 22 Personal pronouns; impersonal there and it/they * 1 0 Complete the sentences with there, it, they and is, are, was or were. * 11 Correct the words in bold. ÿ We were late. My dad drove we to the station. O ÿ 7here are _ a lot of mountains in us Nepal, iheij are the highest in _ 1 Sally's mum is a doctor. He works at the hospital. the world. 1 a football match on TV 2 What's the time? - Is three o'clock. yesterday. _ very exciting. 3 Your brother is funny. I like her. _ 2 I go to a small school. 4 There are some shoes under the sofa. I think eight teachers - all there are yours. _ very good. 5 I like films. But my parents they never go to the 3 _ a festival in my town cinema. _ today- _ the biggest in 6 My grandmother lives in Italy. She's a beautiful my country. country. _ some milk in the 7 Sam and I are going to the beach. Would you fridge, but - -