OT 101 L2 PDF - Lesson 2: Historical Foundations of OT

LESSON 2: HISTORICAL FOUNDATIONS OF OT O.T. 101 FIRST SEMESTER | 2024 - 2025 | MISS MAEGAN RESOURCES: GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT OF OT PERIOD OF AWAKENING In the 17th to 19th century, a...

LESSON 2: HISTORICAL FOUNDATIONS OF OT O.T. 101 FIRST SEMESTER | 2024 - 2025 | MISS MAEGAN RESOURCES: GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT OF OT PERIOD OF AWAKENING In the 17th to 19th century, awakening of social consciousness and ○ Assumptions during this time were that people with mental awareness about social structures leading to vast inequities began. illness were morally insane, insanity was a physical disease that could be cured by providing individual regimen of work and personal regimens, and all this were done by the context MORAL TREATMENT of services of religion and education. Began in EUROPE - FRANCE AND ENGLAND: “ALL PEOPLE, EVEN THE MOST CHALLENGED, ARE ENTITLED TO Moral Treatment was also applied to physical illness because CONSIDERATION AND HUMAN COMPASSION.” health and illness were viewed as related to patient character and spiritual development. O.T. 101: FOUNDATIONS IN OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY AND REHABILITATION LESSON 2 1  LESSON 2: HISTORICAL FOUNDATIONS OF OT O.T. 101 FIRST SEMESTER | 2024 - 2025 | MISS MAEGAN PROPONENTS (18th Century) NAME/DATE BACKGROUND OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY 1. JOHN LOCKE Physician and Credited with advancing many IDEAS THAT LATER INFLUENCED THE Philosopher PHILOSOPHY AND PRACTICES OF OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY including SENSORY LEARNING AND PRAGMATISM 2. PHILIPPE PINEL French He first USED OCCUPATION TO DIVERT PATIENT’S MINDS away from psychiatrist their emotional disturbances and towards improving their skills. Worked at treatment asylum Pioneer of a more humanitarian treatment of the insane. HIs actions are in Paris, 1786 repeatedly described as emblematic of the societal movement known as MORAL TREATMENT. 3. WILLIAM TUKE New York Retreat The idea of NON-CONSTRAINT. Mental illness is curable and patients in England can be encouraged to learn self-control. 1976 FATHER OF THE MORAL TREATMENT MOVEMENT. He eliminated restraints and physical punishment and encouraged conditions where patients could learn self-control and improve self-esteem through participation in leisure and work activities. 4. SAMUEL TUKE Popularized MORAL TREATMENT IN MENTAL ASYLUMS. Moral treatment focuses on emotions and self-esteem, rather than what’s right and wrong. O.T. 101: FOUNDATIONS IN OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY AND REHABILITATION LESSON 2 2  LESSON 2: HISTORICAL FOUNDATIONS OF OT O.T. 101 FIRST SEMESTER | 2024 - 2025 | MISS MAEGAN 5. BENJAMIN RUSH Father of First physician and first American to institute MORAL TREATMENT in American the US, 1752 Psychiatry 6. THOMAS Adopted the concept of OCCUPATION AND NON-CONSTRAINT at the SCATTERGOOD mental asylum AND THOMAS EDDY THE ARTS AND CRAFTS MOVEMENT EARLY 1900s ENGLAND KEY FEATURES: DIVERSIONAL THERAPY, MANUAL TRAINING, VOCATIONAL EDUCATION, AND OCCUPATIONAL TRAINING NAME/DATE BACKGROUND OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY 1. DR. HERBERT 1904, Marblehead, Used ARTS AND CRAFTS AS TREATMENT JAMES HALL Massachusetts Coined the term “WORK CURE” in 1906 Physician, Harvard graduate WORK CURE - actively engage patients in arts and crafts Adopted a work-based approach to treating neurasthenia (functional nervous disorder resulting in fatigue and listlessness thought to be caused by the stress of societal O.T. 101: FOUNDATIONS IN OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY AND REHABILITATION LESSON 2 3  LESSON 2: HISTORICAL FOUNDATIONS OF OT O.T. 101 FIRST SEMESTER | 2024 - 2025 | MISS MAEGAN change and the cultural emphasis on productivity and efficiency) 2. SUSAN TRACY Nurse who became the first OT Wrote the FIRST OT BOOK named “STUDIES OF INVALID OCCUPATION” Wrote the first book on the “work cure approach” 3. ADOLF MEYER Swiss Physician that 1921 - PHILOSOPHY OF OT (1st conceptual model of OT) immigrated in the US on 1821 Forerunner of profession - INTRODUCED SYSTEMATIC TYPE OF ACTIVITY to the ward in Massachusetts, 1892. Meyer’s thinking about the connections between occupation and mental illness. PSYCHOBIOLOGY, a common sense approach to treating mental illness. It is holistic and practical, emphasizing that mental disease was reflective of habit disorganization in the lives of those affected. He believed that humans organize time through doing things and that a balance of activities involving work and rest was essential for well-being. OCCUPATIONAL THERAPIST HAD AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN HELPING PATIENTS REORGANIZE THEIR DAILY HABITS AND REGAIN A SENSE OF OPTIMISM. 4. LOUIS HAAS Occupational Therapy for the NERVOUS AND MENTALLY ILL, 1925 5. JANE ADDAMS Social worker Founded the HULL HOUSE O.T. 101: FOUNDATIONS IN OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY AND REHABILITATION LESSON 2 4  LESSON 2: HISTORICAL FOUNDATIONS OF OT O.T. 101 FIRST SEMESTER | 2024 - 2025 | MISS MAEGAN HULL HOUSE SETTLEMENT HOUSE Founded by JANE ADDAMS AND ELLEN GATES STARR at CHICAGO in 1889 PURPOSE Provide a center for higher civic and social life. Provide recreational facilities for slum children and fighting for labor laws. Formed to create opportunity, participation, and dignity for poor people living in urban areas of Chicago. MANUAL TRAINING EDUCATIONAL HANDBOOK Founded by THOMAS KIDNER in 1910 Vocational Rehabilitation PURPOSE Provide a center for higher civic and social life. Provide recreational facilities for slum children and fighting for labor laws. FOUNDERS OF THE OT PROFESSION (1900 - 1919) O.T. 101: FOUNDATIONS IN OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY AND REHABILITATION LESSON 2 5  LESSON 2: HISTORICAL FOUNDATIONS OF OT O.T. 101 FIRST SEMESTER | 2024 - 2025 | MISS MAEGAN NAME/DATE BACKGROUND OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY 1. CLIFFORD BEERS Businessman who wrote “A Mind That Creation of the MENTAL HYGIENE Found Itself”, account of his treatment in an MOVEMENT asylum and eventual recovery 2. ELWOOD Episcopal minister EMMANUELISM - patient centered, holistic, WORCESTER Boston, indigent person community based, and comprehensive, involving social services and lay practitioners. 3. GEORGE EDWARD 1st president of National Society for the Coined the term OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY BARTON Promotion of OT (NSPOT) Architect. Recovering patient from Using occupations in the recovery of physical tuberculosis and hysterical paralysis illness. 4. WILLIAM RUSH Psychiatrist Staff at Shepherd’s asylum in FATHER OF OT. DUNTON JR. 1891 5. ELEANOR CLARKE Social Service worker MOTHER OF OT SLAGLE Made “habit training” in 1912 Organized the 1st professional OT school in Curative Occupations and Recreation. Chicago 6. SUSAN COX Arts and crafts instructor from Berkley, Chaired the education to DEVELOP JOHNSON stayed in the Philippines STANDARDS FOR OT EDUCATION, 1919 O.T. 101: FOUNDATIONS IN OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY AND REHABILITATION LESSON 2 6  LESSON 2: HISTORICAL FOUNDATIONS OF OT O.T. 101 FIRST SEMESTER | 2024 - 2025 | MISS MAEGAN PEOPLE AND IDEAS INFLUENCING OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY 1. Clare Spackman - Restoration of physical dysfunction 2. Gail Fidler - Psychiatric OT Use of occupation as an emotional expression. Wrote the book Introduction to Psychiatric Occupational Therapy, application of ego theory and therapeutic use of self in practice. 3. Anne Mosey - FORs for psychiatric OT Object relations or psychodynamic frame of reference that offered concepts integral to understanding the use of activities and groups in therapy. 4. Jean Ayres - Neurobehavioral orientation Used neuroscience to study perceptual motor issues in children and develop and apply a theory of sensory integration – sensory integration and praxis test. 5. Mary Reilly - Occupational behavioral orientation Occupational behavior should serve as the foundation for occupational therapy. Occupational behavior frame of reference, which took a holistic view of humans and their daily occupation. Important occupation skills began in children as forms of play. 6. Elizabeth Yerxa - Occupational Therapy research Importance of advancing theory to the benefit of practice. Need for OTs to take steps toward professionalism, produce research, and focus on the unique assets of the profession, including purposeful activity and the practice of authentic occupational therapy. 7. Wilma West - Prevention & community OT 8. Florence Clark - Occupational Science O.T. 101: FOUNDATIONS IN OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY AND REHABILITATION LESSON 2 7  LESSON 2: HISTORICAL FOUNDATIONS OF OT O.T. 101 FIRST SEMESTER | 2024 - 2025 | MISS MAEGAN Study of humans as occupational beings, is an appropriate academic discipline to serve as a foundation for occupational therapy practice. Effect of lifestyle-oriented activity programs for maintaining health and preventing cognitive decline in elders with an aim of helping them remain in their homes and communities. 9. Gary Kielhofner - MOHO Model Of Human Occupation – humans as occupational beings guided by performance subsystems including volition (own will), habituation, and performance. Knowledge from the social and behavioral sciences to provide an occupation-based approach to occupational therapy practice. O.T. 101: FOUNDATIONS IN OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY AND REHABILITATION LESSON 2 8  LESSON 2: HISTORICAL FOUNDATIONS OF OT O.T. 101 FIRST SEMESTER | 2024 - 2025 | MISS MAEGAN DEVELOPMENT OF OT IN THE PHILIPPINES O.T. 101: FOUNDATIONS IN OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY AND REHABILITATION LESSON 2 9  LESSON 2: HISTORICAL FOUNDATIONS OF OT O.T. 101 FIRST SEMESTER | 2024 - 2025 | MISS MAEGAN O.T. 101: FOUNDATIONS IN OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY AND REHABILITATION LESSON 2 10  LESSON 2: HISTORICAL FOUNDATIONS OF OT O.T. 101 FIRST SEMESTER | 2024 - 2025 | MISS MAEGAN O.T. 101: FOUNDATIONS IN OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY AND REHABILITATION LESSON 2 11  LESSON 2: HISTORICAL FOUNDATIONS OF OT O.T. 101 FIRST SEMESTER | 2024 - 2025 | MISS MAEGAN OT NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL PROFESSIONAL ORGANIZATIONS INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS NAME DATE OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY NATIONAL SOCIETY FOR PROMOTION MARCH 15, 1917 Official organization of Occupational OF OT First meeting - sept. 1917 Therapists (NSPOT) AMERICAN OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY 1921 From NSPOT to AOTA (FINAL) ASSOCIATION (AOTA) CANADIAN ASSOCIATION OF WW1 DR. GOLDWIN HOWLAND (FIRST OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY (COTA) PRESIDENT) = NEUROLOGIST. INSPIRED BY THE BODY AND MIND’S OFFERINGS TO THE SUFFERING WORLD FEDERATION OF OT ENGLAND, June 1951 O.T. 101: FOUNDATIONS IN OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY AND REHABILITATION LESSON 2 12