NEET UG Biology Syllabus PDF

Latest Syllabus BIOLOGY The Medical Council of India (MCI) recommended the following syllabus for NATIONAL ELIGIBILITY CUM ENTRANCE TEST for admission to MBBS/BDS courses across the country after review of various State syllabi as well as those pr...

Latest Syllabus BIOLOGY The Medical Council of India (MCI) recommended the following syllabus for NATIONAL ELIGIBILITY CUM ENTRANCE TEST for admission to MBBS/BDS courses across the country after review of various State syllabi as well as those prepared by CBSE, NCERT and COBSE. This is to establish uniformity across the country keeping in view the relevance of different areas in Medical Education. S. No. CLASS XI CLASS XII 1. Diversity in Living World Reproduction 2. Structural Organisation in Animals and Genetics and Evolution Plants 3. Cell Structure and Function Biology and Human Welfare 4. Plant Physiology Biotechnology and Its Applications 5. Human physiology Ecology and environment CONTENTS OF CLASS XI SYLLABUS Unit I : Diversity in Living World  What is living? ; Biodiversity; Need for classification; Three domains of life; Taxonomy & Systematics; Concept of species and taxonomical hierarchy; Binomial nomenclature; Tools for study of Taxonomy – Museums, Zoos, Herbaria, Botanical gardens.  Five kingdom classification; salient features and classification of Monera; Protista and Fungi into major groups; Lichens; Viruses and Viroids.  Salient features and classification of plants into major groups-Algae, Bryophytes, Pteridophytes, Gymnosperms and Angiosperms (three to five salient and distinguishing features and at least two examples of each category); Angiosperms- classification up to class, characteristic features and examples).  Salient features and classification of animals-nonchordate up to phyla level and chordate up to classes level (three to five salient features and at least two examples). Unit II : Structural Organisation in Animals and Plants  Morphology and modifications; Tissues; Anatomy and functions of different parts of flowering plants: Root, stem, leaf, inflorescence- cymose and recemose, flower, fruit and seed (To be dealt along with the relevant practical of the Practical Syllabus).  Animal tissues; Morphology, anatomy and functions of different systems (digestive, circulatory, respiratory, nervous and reproductive) of an insect (cockroach). (Brief account only) Unit III : Cell Structure and Function  Cell theory and cell as the basic unit of life; Structure of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell; Plant cell and animal cell; Cell envelope, cell membrane, cell wall; Cell organelles-structure and function; Endomembrane system endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi bodies, lysosomes, vacuoles; mitochondria, ribosomes, plastids, micro bodies; Cytoskeleton, cilia, flagella, centrioles (ultra structure and function); Nucleus-nuclear membrane, chromatin, nucleolus.  Chemical constituents of living cells: Biomolecules-structure and function of proteins, carbodydrates, lipids, nucleic acids; Enzymes-types, properties, enzyme action.  B Cell division: Cell cycle, mitosis, meiosis and their significance. Unit IV : Plant Physiology  Transport in plants: Movement of water, gases and nutrients; Cell to cell transport-Diffusion, facilitated diffusion, active transport; Plant – water relations – Imbibition, water potential, osmosis, plasmolysis; Long distance transport of water – Absorption, apoplast, symplast, transpiration pull, root pressure and guttation; Transpiration-Opening and closing of stomata; Uptake and translocation of mineral nutrients-Transport of food, phloem transport, Mass flow hypothesis; Diffusion of gases (brief mention). ( xi )... contd.  Mineral nutrition: Essential minerals, macro and micronutrients and their role; Deficiency symptoms; Mineral toxicity; Elementary idea of Hydroponics as a method to study mineral nutrition; Nitrogen metabolism Nitrogen cycle, biological nitrogen fixation.  Photosynthesis: Photosynthesis as a means of Autotrophic nutrition; Site of photosynthesis take place; pigments involved in Photosynthesis (Elementary idea); Photochemical and biosynthetic phases of photosynthesis; Cyclic and non cyclic and photophosphorylation; Chemiosmotic hypothesis; Photorespiration C3 and C4 pathways; Factors affecting photosynthesis.  Respiration: Exchange gases; Cellular respiration-glycolysis, fermentation (anaerobic), TCA cycle and electron transport system (aerobic); Energy relations-Number of ATP molecules generated; Amphibolic pathways; Respiratory quotient.  Plant growth and development: Seed germination; Phases of Plant growth and plant growth rate; Conditions of growth; Differentiation, dedifferentiation and redifferentiation; Sequence of developmental process in a plant cell; Growth regulators auxin, gibberellin, cytokinin, ethylene, ABA; Seed dormancy; Vernalisation; Photoperiodism. Unit V : Human Physiology  Digestion and absorption; Alimentary canal and digestive glands; Role of digestive enzymes and gastrointestinal hormones; Peristalsis, digestion, absorption and assimilation of proteins, carbohydrates and fats; Caloric value of proteins, carbohydrates and fats; Egestion; Nutritional and digestive disorders – PEM, indigestion, constipation, vomiting, jaundice, diarrhea.  Breathing and Respiration: Respiratory organs in animals (recall only); Respiratory system in humans; Mechanism of breathing and its regulation in humans-Exchange of gases, transport of gases and regulation of respiration, Respiratory volumes; Disorders related to respiration-Asthma, Emphysema, Occupational respiratory disorders.  Body fluids and circulation: Composition of blood, blood groups, coagulation of blood; Composition of lymph and its function; Human circulatory system- Structure of human heart and blood vessels; Cardiac cycle, cardiac output, ECG, Double circulation; Regulation of cardiac activity; Disorders of circulatory system- Hypertension, Coronary artery disease, Angina pectoris, Heart failure.  Excretory products and their elimination: Modes of excretion- Ammonotelism, ureotelism, uricotelism; Human excretory system-structure and fuction; Urine formation, Osmoregulation; Regulation of kidney function-Renin-angiotensin, Atrial Natriuretic Factor, ADH and Diabetes insipidus; Role of other organs in excretion; Disorders; Uraemia, Renal failure, Renal calculi, Nephritis; Dialysis and artificial kidney.  Locomotion and Movement: Types of movement- ciliary, fiagellar, muscular; Skeletal muscle- contractile proteins and muscle contraction; Skeletal system and its functions (To be dealt with the relevant practical of Practical syllabus); Joints; Disorders of muscular and skeletal system Myasthenia gravis, Tetany, Muscular dystrophy, Arthritis, Osteoporosis, Gout.  Neural control and coordination: Neuron and nerves; Nervous system in humans- central nervous system, peripheral nervous system and visceral nervous system; Generation and conduction of nerve impulse; Reflex action; Sense organs; Elementary structure and function of eye and ear.  Chemical coordination and regulation: Endocrine glands and hormones; Human endocrine system RHypothalamus, Pituitary, Pineal, Thyroid, Parathyroid, Adrenal, Pancreas, Gonads; Mechanism of hormone action (Elementary Idea); Role of hormones as messengers and regulators, Hypo-and hyperactivity and related disorders (Common disorders e.g. Dwarfism, Acromegaly, Cretinism, goiter, exopthalmic goiter, diabetes, Addison’s disease). (Imp: Diseases and disorders mentioned above to be dealt in brief.) CONTENTS OF CLASS XII SYLLABUS Unit I : Reproduction  Reproduction in organisms: Reproduction, a characteristic feature of all organisms for continuation of species; Modes of reproduction – Asexual and sexual; Asexual reproduction; Modes-Binary fission, sporulation, budding, gemmule, fragmentation; vegetative propagation in plants.  Sexual reproduction in flowering plants: Flower structure; Development of male and female gametophytes; Pollination-types, agencies and examples; Outbreeding devices; Pollen-Pistil interaction; Double fertilization; Post fertilization events-Development of endosperm and embryo, Development of seed and formation of fruit; Special modes-apomixis, parthenocarpy, polyembryony; ( xii )... contd. Significance of seed and fruit formation.  Human Reproduction: Male and female reproductive systems; Microscopic anatomy of testis and ovary; Gametogenesis-spermatogenesis & oogenesis; Menstrual cycle; Fertilisation, embryo development upto blastocyst formation, implantation; Pregnancy and placenta formation (Elementary idea); Parturition (Elementary idea); Lactation (Elementary idea).  Reproductive health: Need for reproductive health and prevention of sexually transmitted diseases (STD); Birth control-Need and Methods, Contraception and Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP); Amniocentesis; Infertility and assisted reproductive technologies – IVF, ZIFT, GIFT (Elementary idea for general awareness). Unit II : Genetics and Evolution  Heredity and variation: Mendelian Inheritance; Deviations from Mendelism-Incomplete dominance, Co-dominance, Multiple alleles and Inheritance of blood groups, Pleiotropy; Elementary idea of polygenic inheritance; Chromosome theory of inheritance; Chromosomes and genes; Sex determination-In humans, birds, honey bee; Linkage and crossing over; Sex linked inheritance Haemophilia, Colour blindness; Mendelian disorders in humans-Thalassemia; Chromosomal disorders in humans; Down’s syndrome, Turner’s and Klinefelter’s syndromes.  Molecular basis of Inheritance: Search for genetic material and DNA as genetic material; Structure of DNA and RNA; DNA packaging; DNA replication; Central dogma; Transcription, genetic code, translation; Gene expression and regulation-Lac Operon; Genome and human genome project; DNA finger printing.  Evolution: Origin of life; Biological evolution and evidences for biological evolution from Paleontology, comparative anatomy, embryology and molecular evidence); Darwin’s contribution, Modern Synthetic theory of Evolution; Mechanism of evolution-Variation (Mutation and Recombination) and Natural Selection with examples, types of natural selection; Gene flow and genetic drift; Hardy-Weinberg’s principle; Adaptive Radiation; Human evolution. Unit III : Biology and Human Welfare  Health and Disease; Pathogens; parasites causing human diseases (Malaria, Filariasis, Ascariasis. Typhoid, Pneumonia, common cold, amoebiasis, ring worm); Basic concepts of immunology vaccines; Cancer, HIV and AIDS; Adolescence, drug and alcohol abuse.  Improvement in food production; Plant breeding, tissue culture, single cell protein, Biofortification; Apiculture and Animal husbandry.  Microbes in human welfare: In household food processing, industrial production, sewage treatment, energy generation and as biocontrol agents and biofertilizers. Unit IV : Biotechnology and Its Applications  Principles and process of Biotechnology: Genetic engineering (Recombinant DNA technology).  Application of Biotechnology in health and agriculture: Human insulin and vaccine production, gene therapy; Genetically modified organisms-Bt crops; Transgenic Animals; Biosafety issues- Biopiracy and patents. Unit V : Ecology and Environment  Organisms and environment: Habitat and niche; Population and ecological adaptations; Population interactions-mutualism, competition, predation, parasitism; Population attributes-growth, birth rate and death rate, age distribution.  Ecosystem: Patterns, components: productivity and decomposition; Energy flow; Pyramids of number, biomass, energy; Nutrient cycling (carbon and phosphorous); Ecological succession; Ecological Services-Carbon fixation, pollination, oxygen release.  Biodiversity and its conservation: Concept of Biodiversity; Patterns of Biodiversity; Importance of Biodiversity; Loss of Biodiversity; Biodiversity conservation; Hotspots, endangered organisms, extinction, Red Data Book, biosphere reserves, National parks and sanctuaries.  Environmental issues: Air pollution and its control; Water pollution and its control; Agrochemicals and their effects; Solid waste management; Radioactive waste management; Greenhouse effect and global warning; Ozone depletion; Deforestation; Any three case studies as success stories addressing environmental issues. qqq ( xiii )  Trend Analysis from (2022- 2010) BIOLOGY Number of Question (s) in Ch. Chapter Name 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011 2010 No. Neet-1 Neet-2 1. Living World 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 2 0 1 0 2. Biological Classification 2 1 1 1 4 4 4 4 2 6 1 4 8 3 3. Plant Kingdom 3 4 3 1 3 4 2 2 4 4 4 3 1 3 4. Animal Kingdom 2 3 4 2 3 5 2 3 3 4 4 1 3 4 Morphology of Flowering 5. 4 2 2 1 2 2 5 7 5 5 2 7 4 3 Plants Anatomy of Flowering 6. 3 4 3 3 4 4 3 0 4 2 3 5 4 3 Plants Structural Organisations in 7. 4 3 3 3 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 1 Animals 8. Cell: The Unit of Life 1 3 2 3 4 1 3 3 4 4 3 5 4 4 9. Biomolecules 3 4 6 2 1 2 3 5 1 2 4 3 2 1 10. Cell Cycle and Cell Division 5 5 4 2 1 2 3 4 2 3 2 2 1 2 11. Transport in Plants 3 1 1 0 2 2 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 12. Mineral Nutrition 2 1 0 0 1 0 2 1 2 1 2 3 4 3 Photosynthesis in Higher 13. 3 2 2 0 2 1 2 4 2 1 1 2 2 3 Plants 14. Respiration in Plants 2 1 2 1 2 2 1 1 0 1 2 0 1 1 Plant Growth and Develop- 15. 4 3 4 1 0 1 1 1 2 4 2 0 0 2 ment 16. Digestion and Absorption 2 2 3 3 1 4 1 2 2 2 1 1 2 2 Breathing and Exchange of 17. 2 2 2 2 1 1 2 2 2 1 2 1 1 2 Gases 18. Body Fluids and Circulation 2 2 3 2 2 1 2 2 3 2 1 0 5 3 Excretory Products and 19. 1 – 2 2 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 5 3 their Elimination 20. Locomotion and Movement 3 4 1 2 2 2 1 1 2 1 3 1 1 1 Neural Control and Coor- 21. 2 1 1 2 2 3 1 2 2 3 2 3 2 1 dination Chemical Coordination and 22. 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 3 1 2 3 3 2 4 Regulation 23. Reproduction in Organisms 2 1 - 0 3 0 1 1 0 0 3 1 1 0 Sexual Reproduction in 24. 2 3 3 6 3 6 4 2 4 3 6 3 5 4 Flowering Plants 25. Human Reproduction 3 3 3 2 4 3 5 2 3 3 3 4 3 11 26. Reproductive Health 2 3 1 2 1 2 2 2 1 3 3 2 2 1 Principles of Inheritance 27. 2 1 3 6 5 5 3 6 3 4 4 2 4 5 and Variation Molecular basis of Inheri- 28. 8 9 3 6 5 7 4 3 6 4 2 4 1 4 tance 29. Evolution 2 2 3 4 3 0 3 3 1 2 4 4 1 1 30. Human Health and Disease 2 2 5 5 5 3 2 3 6 2 2 6 5 3 Strategies for Enhancement 31. 2 4 1 3 1 2 3 1 2 1 1 2 3 2 in Food Production 32. Microbes in Human Welfare 1 1 1 6 1 3 1 2 0 1 2 7 2 3 Biotechnology: Principles 33. 5 6 6 2 2 4 4 3 0 3 2 5 2 5 and Processes Biotechnology and its Ap- 34. 2 6 2 1 2 1 1 0 3 2 1 1 3 3 plications 35. Organisms and Populations 3 5 3 2 4 3 4 3 2 4 2 0 4 2 36. Ecosystem 3 3 1 2 1 1 2 2 6 1 3 6 2 2 Biodiversity and its Conser- 37. 3 – 1 1 2 3 3 2 2 4 1 2 3 1 vation 38. Environmental Issues 3 1 2 6 4 1 2 3 3 2 3 3 4 4 Total Questions 100 100 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 100 100 100 ( xiv )  Top 50 Medical Institutes National Institutional Ranking Framework (NIRF) 2022 S. No. Name City State Score Rank 1. All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi Delhi 92.07 1 2. Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education Chandigarh Chandigarh 82.62 2 and Research 3. Christian Medical College Vellore Tamil Nadu 75.33 3 4. National Institute of Mental Health & Neuro Bangalore Karnataka 73.62 4 Sciences, Bangalore 5. Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medi- Lucknow Uttar Pradesh 72.45 5 cal Sciences 6. Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham Coimbatore Tamil Nadu 69.25 6 7. Banaras Hindu University Varanasi Uttar Pradesh 67.62 7 8. Jawaharlal Institute of Post Graduate Medical Puducherry Pondicherry 67.42 8 Education & Research 9. King George`s Medical University Lucknow Uttar Pradesh 64.67 9 10. Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Manipal Karnataka 63.60 10 11. Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sci- Thiruvanantha- Kerala 63.04 11 ences and Technology puram 12. Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences New Delhi Delhi 61.29 12 13. St. John’s Medical College Bengaluru Karnataka 60.83 13 14. Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Chennai Tamil Nadu 58.92 14 Education and Research 15. Aligarh Muslim University Aligarh Uttar Pradesh 58.10 15 16. Madras Medical College & Government Gen- Chennai Tamil Nadu 57.88 16 eral Hospital, Chennai 17. Maulana Azad Medical College Delhi Delhi 56.35 17 18. Vardhman Mahavir Medical College & New Delhi Delhi 56.20 18 Safdarjung Hospital 19. Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth Pune Maharashtra 55.96 19 20. S.R.M. Institute of Science and Technology Chennai Tamil Nadu 55.74 20 21. Siksha `O` Anusandhan Bhubaneswar Odisha 54.13 21 22. Lady Hardinge Medical College New Delhi Delhi 54.07 22 23. Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore Mangaluru Karnataka 53.75 23 24. JSS Medical College, Mysore Mysore Karnataka 53.63 24 25. Jamia Hamdard New Delhi Delhi 53.18 25 26. Dayanand Medical College Ludhiana Punjab 53.13 26 27. Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Chennai Tamil Nadu 52.91 27 Sciences ( xv )...CONTD. S. No. Name City State Score Rank 28. All India Institute of Medical Sciences Jodhpur Jodhpur Rajasthan 52.87 28 29. Government Medical College & Hospital Chandigarh Chandigarh 51.90 29 30. University College of Medical Sciences Delhi Delhi 51.89 30 31. All India Institute of Medical Sciences Khordha Odisha 51.87 31 Bhubaneswar 32. Medical College Kolkata West Bengal 51.69 32 33. PSG Institute of Medical Sciences & Research Coimbatore Tamil Nadu 51.62 33 34. Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences Wardha Maharashtra 51.52 34 35. Maharishi Markandeshwar Ambala Haryana 50.96 35 36. Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology Bhubaneswar Odisha 50.36 36 37. M. S. Ramaiah Medical College Bengaluru Karnataka 50.05 37 38. Sawai Man Singh Medical College Jaipur Rajasthan 49.65 38 39. SCB Medical College and Hospital Cuttack Odisha 49.42 39 40. Annamalai University Annamalainagar Tamil Nadu 49.13 40 41. Padmashree Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Mumbai Maharashtra 48.07 41 Mumbai 42. Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences Deemed Karad Maharashtra 47.11 42 University 43. Narayana Medical College Sri Potti Sriramu- Andhra 46.50 43 lu Nellore Pradesh 44. Regional Institute of Medical Sciences Imphal West Manipur 46.50 43 45. K. S. Hegde Medical Academy Mangaluru Karnataka 46.49 45 46. Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Puducherry Pondicherry 46.08 46 Research Institute 47. Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College Belagavi Karnataka 46.04 47 48. Tirunelveli Medical College, Tirunelveli Tirunelveli Tamil Nadu 46.03 48 49. Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute Kelambakkam, Tamil Nadu 45.32 49 Chengalpattu District 50. Shri B.M.Patil Medical College, Hospital & Vijayapura Karnataka 45.11 50 Research Centre For Subjective Appendix ( xvi )