Orientation.lec General Dispensing Procedures.pdf

TITLE A TITLE B TITLE C TITLE D TITLE E TITLE F SLIDESMANIA.COM SLIDESMANIA.COM TITLE A TITLE B TITLE C (PT 1...

TITLE A TITLE B TITLE C TITLE D TITLE E TITLE F SLIDESMANIA.COM SLIDESMANIA.COM TITLE A TITLE B TITLE C (PT 111) TITLE D Hend Mohamed Anter Lecturer of Pharmaceutics TITLE E Faculty of Pharmacy-Mansoura University TITLE F SLIDESMANIA.COM Mansoura University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutics Department TITLE A TITLE B TITLE C TITLE D TITLE E TITLE F Pharmacy Orientation (PT 111) SLIDESMANIA.COM Mansoura University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutics Department TITLE A Upon completing the lecture, the student will be able to dominate the following key elements: TITLE B 3.2.5.1 Summarize education to help the TITLE C patients to use OTC preparations. TITLE D 4.2.1.1 Share decision-making activities with other team members. TITLE E TITLE F Level One Pharm D Pharmacy Orientation (PT 111) SLIDESMANIA.COM Mansoura University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutics Department TITLE A Table of Contents TITLE B What is Dispensing? TITLE C Items of dispensing TITLE D What do you need to have a standard dispensing process TITLE E Questions TITLE F Level One Pharm D Pharmacy Orientation (PT 111) SLIDESMANIA.COM Mansoura University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutics Department TITLE A What is Dispensing? Dispensing TITLE B TITLE C Dispensing is the process by which a pharmacist prepares and provides medication to a patient according to a valid TITLE D prescription or medication order. The goal of dispensing is to ensure that patients receive safe, effective, and appropriate TITLE E medications that meet their healthcare TITLE F needs. Level One Pharm D Pharmacy Orientation (PT 111) SLIDESMANIA.COM Mansoura University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutics Department TITLE A What is Dispensing? Dispensing TITLE B TITLE C It involves several steps including prescription verification, interpretation, medication selection, labeling, patient TITLE D counseling, quality control, and record keeping. TITLE E TITLE F Level One Pharm D Pharmacy Orientation (PT 111) SLIDESMANIA.COM Mansoura University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutics Department TITLE A Where does dispensing takes place? Dispensing TITLE B Dispensing can take place in a variety of settings, including community TITLE C pharmacies, hospitals, public or private clinics, and health centers. TITLE D Items of dispensing: Dispensing environment. TITLE E Dispensing persons. TITLE F Dispensing process. Level One Pharm D Pharmacy Orientation (PT 111) SLIDESMANIA.COM Mansoura University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutics Department Dispensing environment TITLE A Dispensing TITLE B The dispensing environment can vary TITLE C depending on the type of pharmacy or healthcare facility and the specific needs of the patient population. TITLE D TITLE E TITLE F Level One Pharm D Pharmacy Orientation (PT 111) SLIDESMANIA.COM Mansoura University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutics Department Dispensing environment TITLE A Here are some of the key factors that influence the dispensing Dispensing TITLE B environment: Physical layout: The physical layout of the dispensing area should be designed to promote TITLE C efficiency, accuracy, and patient privacy. The dispensary should also be designed so that TITLE D authorized persons can easily access the dispensing area itself. This may include features such as TITLE E separate consultation rooms, medication preparation areas, and secure storage for TITLE F controlled substances. Level One Pharm D Pharmacy Orientation (PT 111) SLIDESMANIA.COM Mansoura University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutics Department Dispensing environment TITLE A Here are some of the key factors that influence the dispensing Dispensing TITLE B environment: Equipment and technology: The dispensing environment should be equipped with the TITLE C necessary tools and technology to ensure accurate and efficient medication dispensing. TITLE D This may include computerized prescription processing systems, automated dispensing TITLE E machines, and bar code scanning technology. TITLE F Level One Pharm D Pharmacy Orientation (PT 111) SLIDESMANIA.COM Mansoura University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutics Department Dispensing environment TITLE A Here are some of the key factors that influence the dispensing Dispensing TITLE B environment: Staffing: The dispensing environment should be staffed with trained and qualified personnel, TITLE C including pharmacists, pharmacy technicians, and other healthcare professionals as needed. TITLE D Safety and security: The dispensing environment should be designed to promote safety and security, including measures to TITLE E prevent medication errors, theft, and diversion TITLE F of controlled substances. Level One Pharm D Pharmacy Orientation (PT 111) SLIDESMANIA.COM Mansoura University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutics Department Dispensing environment TITLE A Here are some of the key factors that influence the dispensing Dispensing TITLE B environment: Shelving and storage areas: Maintaining a clean environment requires: TITLE C 1. regular cleaning of shelves, daily cleaning of floors and surfaces, and daily TITLE D removal of garbage. 2. regular schedule for the checking, TITLE E cleaning, and defrosting of refrigerators TITLE F Level One Pharm D Pharmacy Orientation (PT 111) SLIDESMANIA.COM Mansoura University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutics Department Dispensing environment TITLE A Here are some of the key factors that influence the dispensing Dispensing TITLE B environment: Shelving and storage areas: Maintaining a clean environment requires: TITLE C 3. regular monitoring of temperature: 2– 8-degree Celsius refrigerators guarantee TITLE D a constant temperature to protect the integrity of sensitive products. TITLE E TITLE F Level One Pharm D Pharmacy Orientation (PT 111) SLIDESMANIA.COM Mansoura University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutics Department Dispensing environment TITLE A Here are some of the key factors that influence the dispensing Dispensing TITLE B environment: Shelving and storage areas: The refrigerator is strictly for TITLE C medicines only. TITLE D Note: Spills must be wiped out immediately, especially if the liquids are sticky or sweet and are TITLE E attractive to insects or flies. TITLE F Level One Pharm D Pharmacy Orientation (PT 111) SLIDESMANIA.COM Mansoura University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutics Department Dispensing environment TITLE A Here are some of the key factors that influence the dispensing Dispensing TITLE B environment: Regulatory compliance: The dispensing environment must comply with all TITLE C applicable laws, regulations, and guidelines related to medication dispensing, patient TITLE D privacy, and healthcare facility operations. TITLE E TITLE F Level One Pharm D Pharmacy Orientation (PT 111) SLIDESMANIA.COM Mansoura University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutics Department TITLE A Dispensing environment must be organized: Dispensing TITLE B o Space should be sufficient to TITLE C allow movement by staff during the dispensing process. TITLE D o Stock containers and prepacked medicines must be stored in an organized way on shelves, preferably TITLE E according to dosage forms and in TITLE F alphabetical order. Pharmacy Orientation (PT 111) SLIDESMANIA.COM Mansoura University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutics Department TITLE A Dispensing persons Dispensing o They are employed in a pharmacy, TITLE B typically to supply medications to a patient on the basis of a written TITLE C order. In some countries, dispensing persons may TITLE D be referred to as dispensing technicians or pharmacy technicians. The specific role and responsibilities of a dispensing person can vary depending on the country and the TITLE E specific regulations and requirements TITLE F governing pharmacy practice in that location. Pharmacy Orientation (PT 111) SLIDESMANIA.COM Mansoura University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutics Department TITLE A Dispensing persons Dispensing TITLE B o To complete the dispensing procedure, TITLE C the dispensing person requires particular additional knowledge and abilities in addition to writing, counting, and filling TITLE D out the written order. TITLE E TITLE F Level One Pharm D Pharmacy Orientation (PT 111) SLIDESMANIA.COM Mansoura University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutics Department TITLE A Dispensing persons Dispensing Qualities of a good dispenser: TITLE B o Knowledge about the medicines being TITLE C dispensed: Common use Common side effects TITLE D Common interactions with other medicines o Storage needs TITLE E TITLE F Level One Pharm D Pharmacy Orientation (PT 111) SLIDESMANIA.COM Mansoura University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutics Department TITLE A Dispensing persons Dispensing Qualities of a good dispenser: TITLE B o Skills in assessing the quality of preparations. TITLE C o Attributes to cleanliness, accuracy and honesty. TITLE D o Strong communication skills: A good dispenser should be able to TITLE E communicate effectively with patients. Good calculation and arithmetic skills. TITLE F Level One Pharm D Pharmacy Orientation (PT 111) SLIDESMANIA.COM Mansoura University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutics Department TITLE A Factors influence dispenser behavior: Dispensing TITLE B o Training and knowledge. o Professional compensation (salary; prestige). TITLE C o Economic incentives (mark-up and volume of sales). Supply (out-of-stock). TITLE D Available product Information. Availability of dispensing equipment: vials – bottles – syringes – labels. TITLE E Dispenser-prescriber relationship. TITLE F Communication skills. Level One Pharm D Pharmacy Orientation (PT 111) SLIDESMANIA.COM Mansoura University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutics Department TITLE A What do you need to have a standard dispensing process? Dispensing TITLE B o Six Major Steps of Activity of the Dispensing Process Step 1. Receive and validate the prescription TITLE C The dispenser receives the prescription from the patient or healthcare provider. TITLE D The prescription may be in the form of a written document or an electronic prescription. TITLE E TITLE F Level One Pharm D Pharmacy Orientation (PT 111) SLIDESMANIA.COM Mansoura University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutics Department TITLE A What do you need to have a standard dispensing process? Dispensing TITLE B o Six Major Steps of Activity of the Dispensing Process Step 1. Receive and validate the prescription TITLE C The dispenser checks the prescription to ensure that it is complete TITLE D and accurate. This may involve verifying the patient's TITLE E name and address, the medication name and dosage, and the prescriber's name and TITLE F contact information. Level One Pharm D Pharmacy Orientation (PT 111) SLIDESMANIA.COM Mansoura University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutics Department TITLE A What do you need to have a standard dispensing process? Dispensing TITLE B o Six Major Steps of Activity of the Dispensing Process Step 1. Receive and validate the prescription TITLE C Verifying the prescription: The dispenser may need to contact the TITLE D prescriber to verify the prescription or clarify any questions or concerns. In some cases, the dispenser may need to obtain TITLE E additional information from the patient or TITLE F healthcare provider. Level One Pharm D Pharmacy Orientation (PT 111) SLIDESMANIA.COM Mansoura University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutics Department TITLE A What do you need to have a standard dispensing process? Dispensing TITLE B Step 2. Understand and interpret the prescription Interpreting a prescription must be done TITLE C by a staff member who can: ❑ Read the prescription. TITLE D ❑ Correctly interpret any abbreviations used by the prescriber. ❑ Confirm that the dose required is in TITLE E the normal range (noting gender and age). ❑ Correctly perform any calculations of dose and issue quantity. TITLE F ❑ Identify any common drug-drug interactions. Pharmacy Orientation (PT 111) SLIDESMANIA.COM Mansoura University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutics Department TITLE A What do you need to have a standard dispensing process? Dispensing TITLE B Step 3. Prepare and label items for issue Begins after the prescription is clearly understood and the quantity has been TITLE C calculated. It is good practice to write the label at this point as a form of self-check. TITLE D TITLE E TITLE F Level One Pharm D Pharmacy Orientation (PT 111) SLIDESMANIA.COM Mansoura University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutics Department TITLE A Three important procedures: 1) Select stock container or pre- Dispensing pack. TITLE B ✓ Read the label and cross-match the product name and strength against the prescription. TITLE C ✓ Check on the expiration date (Choose on the old stock or first expiry). TITLE D ✓ Read the container label at least twice during the dispensing process. ✓ Avoid opening stock containers at TITLE E the same time. TITLE F Level One Pharm D Pharmacy Orientation (PT 111) SLIDESMANIA.COM Mansoura University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutics Department TITLE A Three important procedures: 2) Measure or count quantity from Dispensing stock container. TITLE B ✓ Liquid dosage forms: ✓ Liquid must be measured in a clean TITLE C vessel and should be poured from the stock bottle with the label KEPT TITLE D UPWARD. ✓ Using this technique avoids damage to TITLE E the label from any spilled or dripping liquid. TITLE F Level One Pharm D Pharmacy Orientation (PT 111) SLIDESMANIA.COM Mansoura University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutics Department TITLE A Three important procedures: ✓ Solid dosage forms: Dispensing TITLE B How are you going to count solid dosage forms from its stock container? TITLE C ✓ General rule: The Dispenser’s hands must not be in direct contact with the medicine. Using hands are bad practice for both TITLE D hygienic and quality reasons. TITLE E TITLE F Level One Pharm D Pharmacy Orientation (PT 111) SLIDESMANIA.COM Mansoura University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutics Department TITLE A Three important procedures: ✓ Solid dosage forms: Dispensing TITLE B How are you going to count solid dosage forms from its stock container? TITLE C ✓ Counting should be done using the following: Clean piece or paper and TITLE D clean knife or spatula. Clean tablet-counting device. Lid of the stock container in use. TITLE E Any other clean or dust free surfaces (e.g. TITLE F Counting trays). Level One Pharm D Pharmacy Orientation (PT 111) SLIDESMANIA.COM Mansoura University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutics Department TITLE A Three important procedures: Dispensing TITLE B ✓ Immediately after measuring or TITLE C counting, stock container label should be rechecked for drug name and TITLE D strength. TITLE E TITLE F Level One Pharm D Pharmacy Orientation (PT 111) SLIDESMANIA.COM Mansoura University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutics Department TITLE A Three important procedures: 3) Pack and label medicine. Dispensing Tablets and capsules should be TITLE B packed into a clean and dry containers such as; bottle, plastic TITLE C envelope, cardboard box or paper envelope. TITLE D Note: Capsules and sugar-coated TITLE E tablets are the most vulnerable to moisture. TITLE F Level One Pharm D Pharmacy Orientation (PT 111) SLIDESMANIA.COM Mansoura University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutics Department TITLE A Step 4. Make a final check It is valuable to have the final check Part TITLE B I done by another staff member. The final check should include the following: TITLE C Reading and interpreting the prescription before looking at the dispensed medicines. TITLE D Checking of the appropriateness of doses prescribed. Checking for drug interactions. TITLE E Checking of the identity of medicine dispensed. Checking the labels. TITLE F Countersigning the prescription. Level One Pharm D Pharmacy Orientation (PT 111) SLIDESMANIA.COM Mansoura University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutics Department TITLE A Step 5. Record action taken Dispensing Nowadays, several computer programs TITLE B are used to retain the information, which then be recalled to generate a summary TITLE C report. TITLE D TITLE E TITLE F Level One Pharm D Pharmacy Orientation (PT 111) SLIDESMANIA.COM Mansoura University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutics Department TITLE A Step 6. Issue medicine to the patient with clear instructions and advice Dispensing TITLE B Medicine should be given to named patient or the patient’s representative with TITLE C clear instructions and any appropriate advice about the medicine. TITLE D Information detail about the side effect of the drug vary from patient to patient. TITLE E TITLE F Level One Pharm D Pharmacy Orientation (PT 111) SLIDESMANIA.COM Mansoura University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutics Department TITLE A Step 6. Issue medicine to the patient with clear instructions and advice Dispensing TITLE B Advise should therefore concentrate on: ✓ When to take the medicine ( particularly TITLE C the relation to food and other medication). ✓ How to take the medicine (chewed, TITLE D swallowed whole, taken with plenty of water). ✓ How to store the medicine. ✓ Warnings about the possible side effects TITLE E should be given. Common but harmless side effects (nausea, mild diarrhea, urine changing in color). TITLE F Level One Pharm D Pharmacy Orientation (PT 111) SLIDESMANIA.COM Mansoura University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutics Department TITLE A Step 6. Issue medicine to the patient with clear instructions and advice Dispensing TITLE B Advise should therefore concentrate on: ✓ More serious side effects should be TITLE C mentioned only with the agreement of the prescriber, who needs to take those risks into account when prescribing the medicine. TITLE D ✓ The recipient should repeat back the instructions. ✓ Every patient must be treated with TITLE E respect. The need for confidentiality and privacy when explaining the use of some types of medicines must be TITLE F recognized. Level One Pharm D Pharmacy Orientation (PT 111) SLIDESMANIA.COM Mansoura University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutics Department TITLE A Questions Dispensing TITLE B What is the difference between dispensing and prescribing? Can you provide examples of adverse TITLE C events that have been reported with compounded medications? TITLE D How often do pharmacists need to perform quality control testing on compounded medications? TITLE E What are some benefits of electronic prescribing systems (e- prescribing)? TITLE F Level One Pharm D Pharmacy Orientation (PT 111)  TITLE A TITLE B TITLE C TITLE D TITLE E TITLE F SLIDESMANIA.COM