Orientation to Pharmacy Lecture 2 PDF

ORIENTATTION TO PHARMACY Lecture 2 Dr. Roxane Abdel Gawad department Pharmaceutics & Industrial Pharmacy Faculty of Pharmacy Ain Shams University 1  The Prescription 2  What is a prescription?...

ORIENTATTION TO PHARMACY Lecture 2 Dr. Roxane Abdel Gawad department Pharmaceutics & Industrial Pharmacy Faculty of Pharmacy Ain Shams University 1  The Prescription 2  What is a prescription? Is a written (or electronic) order from a licensed practitioner to a pharmacist directing him to dispense certain medication(s) for a specific patient It is usually contains directions for use & is written in latin language 3 Who can write a Rx? Licensed Practitioners 1- Physicians 2- Dentists 3- Surgeons 4- Veterinarians 4  Advantages of using latin language 1- It is the worldwide language of medical science → a prescription written in any part of the world can be comprehended & compounded by any pharmacist 2- Latin names are definite and can’t be misinterpreted (no problem of bad handwriting) 3- It is desirable that the nature and ingredients of a prescription remain unknown to the patient → latin language is not easily comprehended by patients → this prevents their fear & worry 5 6 Components Of A Prescription 1) Prescriber Information & Signature 2) Patient Information 3) Date Prescription was written 4) Rx Symbol (the Superscription) 5) Medication prescribed (Inscription) 6) Dispensing Instructions to the pharmacist (Subscription) 7) Directions to the patient (Transcription) (Signature) (Signa) (Sig.) 8) Special Instructions for refill 7 Components Of A Prescription 8 9 1- Prescriber Information and Signature 2- Patient Information The full name, gender, age and address of the patient are necessary on the prescription → for identification purposes especially for narcotic drugs 3- Date Prescriptions should be dated at the time they are written by physician (for refill needs) 10 4- Superscription (R/ Symbol) The Rx symbol is a contraction of the Latin verb recipe which means: “take thou” or “you should take” 5- Inscription (Medication Prescribed) This is the body or principal part of the prescription order It contains : names & quantities of the prescribed ingredients 11 6- Subscription (Dispensing directions to the pharmacist) In the past: Were directions to the pharmacist for preparing the prescription. Now: Practitioner just states the dosage form & number of dosage units Examples - Ft sup No xii (Make 12 suppositories) - M ft ung (Mix and make ointment) - Disp tabs No C (Dispense 100 tablets) 12 7- Transcription (Directions for Patient) (Signa) (Signature) (Sig.) Are latin abbreviations written by the physician then transcribed by the pharmacist onto the label of the container in the mother tongue language of the patient. Directions of use include: 1- dose regimen 2- use of medication with food and other medications 3- reason for use (e.g. for pain, for infection) Examples: - Tabs ii q 4h (Take two tablets every four hours) - Caps i q.i.d pc & hs (Take one capsule four times a day after meals and at bed time) 13 8-Special Labeling and Other Instructions. The number of refills (whether to repeat or not) should be indicated on each prescription by the prescriber In case no refill information is provided, it is understood that no refills have been authorized. No refills are permitted for certain controlled substances 34  E.g. An abstracted part of a prescription: Rx Brufen® tablets (200 mg Ibuprofen) Two tablets to be taken three times a day Send 84 tablets Term Example Dosage form Tablets Strength 200 mg Dose 400 mg (2 tablets of 200 mg) Dosage regimen 2 tablets three times a day Total daily dose 1200 mg Total amount dispensed 84 tablets Proprietary name Brufen® Generic name lbuprofen Length 15 of treatment 14 days  Types Of Prescriptions 1 Simple 2 Compound 3 Narcotic 16 16 I- Simple prescriptions: The inscription consists of a single component or prefabricated product Does not require compounding by the pharmacist E.g. R/ Phenobarbital Tablets, 30 mg Dispense 24 tablets II- Compound (complex) prescriptions The inscription contains more than one component and/or requires compounding E.g. R/ Aspirin 3.6 g Codeine Sulfate 0.4 g Mix and make 12 capsules 17 III- Narcotic prescriptions Contain a narcotic drug (habit forming drug) (addictive) They must include (in addition to the contents of simple prescription) the following: 1- The address of the patient 2- The narcotic registry number of the prescriber (clinic, or hospital) 3- Written by ink or typed 4- Drug quantity must be written in words & numbers 5- Stored in special file for inspection by proper authorities E.g. R/ Morphine ampoule 3 ( Three ) Ampoule 1 (one) when pain is severe 18 18  Classification of Medications 1 Prescription 2 Non-prescription 1- Prescription Medications (Legend) Are drugs dispensed ONLY with a prescription. There is No Label to ensure that the drug will not be used by the patient without medical supervision Are required: 1) For serious sickness 2) For potent drugs (serious side effects) 19 2- Non-prescription Medications (Over- the- Counter) (OTC Medications) Are medications that may be purchased without a prescription Used for minor sickness (e.g. cough - cold) Suitable for self-treatment Clearly labeled (dosage, side effects, directions of use) Since the drugs are not potent → they do not cause adverse reactions if the patient follows the directions of use A pharmacist must be available → he is the source of information about OTC drugs 20  MEDICATION ORDERS They are orders for drugs or non-drug products (e.g. saline, glucose) intended for use by hospitalized patients (in-patients) They are found in patient’s medical record 21  The medication order includes: 1. Patient information (name & age) 2. The patient’s hospital identification number and room location 3. Prescriber information (name & signature) 4. Date and time the order was written 5. Names of the drugs (Proprietary or generic) 6. Strength, dose, dosage regimen, indication & route of administration 7.Directions for the pharmacist (compounding/ labeling) 8. Any other relevant practitioner instructions regarding patient care (e.g., radiologic procedures, 22 laboratory tests, and diet)  MEDICATION ORDER 23