Lecture 1 Dosage Form 1 PDF

Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms I  The prescription Prescription ◼ Prescription: is an order for a medicine (s) written by physician, dentist, veterinarian or other licensed health science practitioner legally entitled prescriber. ◼ Prescription Parts: 1- Name 2...

Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms I  The prescription Prescription ◼ Prescription: is an order for a medicine (s) written by physician, dentist, veterinarian or other licensed health science practitioner legally entitled prescriber. ◼ Prescription Parts: 1- Name 2- Date 3- Superscription 4- Inscription 5- Subscription 6- Transcription 7- Signature ◼ Prescription Type: 1- Simple 2- Compound 3- Narcotic ◼ Prescription Handling: 1- Receiving 2- Check safety 3- Compounding  Patient Omar Physician Dr. Ali Ahmed 10-6-08 Address 02578879 R/ Superscription Aspirin 100mg Inscription Lactose 200mg Subscription Make tablet, send ten. Sig. One tablet to be taken three times daily. The transcription Ali Ahmed Signature of physician  Patient physician physician Superscription Inscription Subscription The transcription Signature of physician Prescription Parts 1 Patient's name: age: address: 2 Date: 3 R/: 4 Salicylamide 0.3gm 5 Paracetamol 0.25gm 6 Fiat capsule , mitte X 7 Sign: one capsule to be taken three times daily Prescriber's Signature Dr……… Prescription Parts Cont… 1. The name address and age of the patient 2. The date 3. The superscription: means direction to pharmacist, R/ is a symbol for the Latin word recipe = you take i.e. it directs the pharmacist to prepare the medicine. 4. The inscription, contains a list of ingredients and their quantities to be used in compounding the prescription 5. The subscription: means direction to pharmacist  Fiat: let them to be made (dosage from)  Mitte: send (number of doses to be prepared) 6. The transcription: means direction to patient  sign= write directions to the patient for the use of the prescription 7. The name of the prescriber, may be given as an official signature Prescription types 1. Simple prescription: It is the prescription consisting only of the active ingredients (as the prescription mentioned before) 1. Compound prescription: The prescription contains four portions: 1- Base 2- Adjuvant 3- Corrective 4- Vehicle Example for compound prescription 1. Patient: name……..age……..address……….. 2. Date: 3. R/ 4. Chloral hydrate 8 gm base Sodium bromide 10gm adjuvant Syrup of raspberry 22.5ml corrective Water to 60ml Vehicle 5. Fiat: mixture 6. Sign: 4 ml every 4 hours 7. Signature of prescriber - Base: is the main active ingredient with the main therapeutic effect. (Chloral hydrate is hypnotic) - Adjuvant: it aids the base in its action (sodium bromide has a sedative action) - Corrective: serve as flavouring agent - Vehicle: water is added to dilute the active ingredient and to adjust the volume. 3-Narcotic Prescription - Narcotics are drugs with narcotic activity e.g. morphine - It must include: name of prescriber address of prescriber registry number of prescriber signature of prescriber 3-Narcotic Prescription ▪ It must be written in ink or typewriter. ▪ The quantities must be written in words and numbers. ▪ In pharmacy, it must include date on which it was filled, name, address and registry number of the pharmacy. ▪ It should be kept in separate file and not be refilled. Example for Narcotic prescription 1. Patient's name…………..age………….address………… 2. Date………. 3. R/ 4. Codeine phosphate 20(twenty) mg 5. Fiat: Capsule, Mitte 16 (sixteen) Caps. 6. Signa: One Capsule, Four times a day 7. Prescriber's name: Address: Registry no.: Signature: Dr………….. Handling the prescription  Handling the prescription Receiving Check safety Compounding I. Receiving the prescription: ◼ The pharmacist estimates the length of time to dispense the prescription. ◼ Pharmacist prices it before dispensing especially when expensive. ◼ In order to identify the finished product, some pharmacies employ (prescription claim check). This check is divided into 3 parts, each part has the same number, one part is given to the patient, and the second is attached to the prescription order and the third is attached to the final container. The identification is made more frequently by patient's name and address. II. Checking the prescription for safety: ◼ The pharmacist should understand the prescription very well. The pharmacist must be sure that there is no dangerous overdose or incompatibilities, otherwise he should consult the physician who wrote it. A. Methods for calculating the dose for child or infant can be based on: 1. Age 2. Weight 3. Body surface area 1-Based on age: ◼ For infants younger than 2 years use Fried's rule:  Infant dose = (Age in month/150) x adult dose ◼For children 2 years and older use Young's rule:  Childdose= (age in years/ (age in years + 12)) x adult dose 2-Based on weight: ◼ Generally, heavy individuals can withstand larger dose, than a person with less weight. ◼ The usual doses in considered for persons with 70 Kg. ◼ For weight in pounds:  Child's dose= (weight in pounds/150) X adult dose ◼ For weight in Kg:  Child's dose= (weight in Kg/70) X adult dose 3- Based on body surface area ''B.S.A.": ◼ The average body surface area for adult is 1.7 m²  Child'sdose= (B.S.A. in m² for child/ B.S.A. in m² of adult) X adult dose ◼ Or:  Child'sdose= (B.S.A. in m² for child/ 1.7) X adult dose