ORG MAN PPT PDF

Topic 1: Introduction to Organization and Management Theories DARYL I. QUINITO, PhD Associate Prof. I  Objectives: 1. Demonstrate a concise understanding of the evolution of organization and management theories. 2. Understand and compare key princ...

Topic 1: Introduction to Organization and Management Theories DARYL I. QUINITO, PhD Associate Prof. I  Objectives: 1. Demonstrate a concise understanding of the evolution of organization and management theories. 2. Understand and compare key principles of Classical, Human Relations, and Contingency theories in management. 3. Analyze and apply modern organizational theories to real-world management challenges  RELEVANCE Studying organization and management theories is essential for graduate students as it equips them with the fundamental knowledge and tools needed to excel in future careers, whether in leadership roles, entrepreneurship, or collaborative environments. By grasping these theories, students gain insights into effective teamwork, critical problem-solving, ethical decision-making, and adaptable leadership, preparing them to cross the dynamic challenges of the professional world while raising a global perspective and laying the groundwork for continuous learning and growth.  OUTLINE: Definition of Terms Organizational Theories Classical Organizational Theory Neoclassical Organization Theory Contingency Theory Modern Structural Organization Theory ◾ MANAGEMENT – the function that coordinates the efforts of people to accomplish goals and objectives by using available resources efficiently and effectively ◾ ORGANIZATION – an organized body of people with a particular purpose, especially a business, society, association, etc. ◾ THEORIES – a set of interrelated propositions that organizes and explains a set of observed phenomenon ❖ Classical Organization Theory ❖ Neoclassical Organization Theory ❖ Human Relation Theory ❖ Contingency Theory ❖ Modern Structural Organization Theory ◾ Organizations exist to accomplish production–related and economic goals. ◾ There is one best way to organize for production, and that way can be found through systematic, scientific inquiry. ◾ Production is maximized through specialization and division of labor. ◾ People and organizations act in accordance with rational economic principles. ◾ The theory is divided into 3 main branches 1. Scientific Management (Frederick Taylor): Focus: Efficiency and Productivity. Key Ideas: Taylor emphasized the "one best way" to perform a job, breaking down tasks into smaller, specialized units. Scientific management involves time and motion studies to optimize work processes and eliminate waste. It also advocates for the selection of the best workers for specific tasks and the use of performance-based incentives. 2. Administrative Management (Henri Fayol): Focus: Organizational Structure and Managerial Practices. Key Ideas: Fayol identified 14 principles of management, such as division of labor, authority, discipline, unity of command, and centralization. He argued that management is a universal function and that these principles could be applied to any type of organization. Administrative management focuses on the roles and responsibilities of managers and how they should be structured to ensure organizational efficiency.  3. Bureaucratic Management (Max Weber): Focus: Formalization and Hierarchical Structure. Key Ideas: Weber's bureaucratic theory emphasizes a structured, hierarchical organization governed by clear rules and regulations. He proposed that organizations should operate impersonally, with decisions based on rational rules rather than personal relationships. Key features of bureaucracy include a clear division of labor, a well-defined hierarchy, and the use of formal rules and procedures to guide organizational activities. Key Features of Classical Organization Theory: Division of Labor: Specialization leads to increased efficiency. Hierarchy: A formal chain of command with clear lines of authority. Authority and Responsibility: Authority comes with responsibility for organizational outcomes. Rationality: Decisions should be made based on logic and objective analysis, rather than personal preferences or emotions. Efficiency: The primary objective is to maximize output with minimum input. Formalization: Clear rules, procedures, and roles ensure consistency and predictability in organizational functioning. ◾ The theory emphasizes individual or group behavior and human relations in determining productivity PRINCIPLES OF NEOCLASSICAL APPROACH ▪Individual ▪Work Group ▪Participative Management  Human Relations Theory Human Relations Theory focuses specifically on the individual needs and resultant behaviors of individuals and groups that present the organization. It takes an interpersonal approach to managing human beings as made up of formal and informal elements. Elements of Human Relations Theory A focus on people, rather than upon machines or economics The organizational environment is not an organized social context Human relations are important in motivating people Motivation depends upon teamwork, requiring co-ordination and cooperation of individuals involved. Human relations within teams must fulfill both individual and organizational objectives simultaneously Individuals and organizations desire efficiency by  Contingency Management Theory is an organizational theory that claims that there is no best way to organize a corporation, lead a company, or make decisions. Instead, the optimal course of action is contingent (dependent) on the internal and external situation. Contingency theory was originally developed by Fred Fiedler after studying various leaders in different contexts, but predominantly those in the military. Fiedler’s theory proposes that a leader’s effectiveness hinges on how well his or her leadership style matches the current context and task. Fiedler’s pioneering theory suggests that leaders fall into one of two different leadership styles: 1. Task-oriented, or 2. People-oriented  The main ideas underlying contingency theory include: Organizations are open systems that need careful management to satisfy and balance internal needs and adapt to environmental circumstances. There is no one best way of organizing. The appropriate form depends on the task or environment within which the organization operates.  Management must be concerned, above all else, with achieving alignment and good fit, that is, fit between the organization and its environment. Different types of organizations are needed in different types of environments. The theory also proposes that managers change and redesign their organizations primarily to adapt to internal and external environment changes. Therefore, organizational environments and processes are often sources of change. KEY CONCEPTS OF CONTINGENCY MANAGEMENT THEORY 1. No Universal Management Approach 2. Situational Factors (Contingencies) 3. Flexibility in Management 4. Leadership Styles in Contingency Theory 5. Organizational Structure ◾ It is based on the concept that the organization is an adaptive system which has to adjust changes in its environment. ◾ Characteristics of modern approaches to the organization: Systems viewpoint Dynamic process of interaction Multileveled and multidimensional Multi motivated Probabilistic Sources: https://www.slideshare.net/shrinivas1648/evolution-of-management-theory-6 3402984 https://www.viquepedia.com/articles/contingency-management-theory#google_ vignette https://thebusinessprofessor.com/en_US/management-leadership-organizati onal-behavior/human-relations-theory-of-management Thank You FOLKS ! ! !