Oral Communication Reviewer (2nd Quarter Exam) PDF

ORAL COMMUNICATION REVIEWER (SECOND QUARTER EXAMINATION) WEEK 10-11: TYPES OF SPEECH CONTEXT AND STYLES I. TYPES OF SPEECH CONTEXT A. INTRAPERSONAL COMMUNICATION  Communication within oneself, involving thoughts, ideas, and emotions....

ORAL COMMUNICATION REVIEWER (SECOND QUARTER EXAMINATION) WEEK 10-11: TYPES OF SPEECH CONTEXT AND STYLES I. TYPES OF SPEECH CONTEXT A. INTRAPERSONAL COMMUNICATION  Communication within oneself, involving thoughts, ideas, and emotions.  Model: Wisemann and Barker (1974) - focuses on creating, functioning, and evaluating symbolic processes.  Channel: Brain. B. INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION  Exchange of information, feelings, and meaning through verbal and non-verbal communication. KINDS: 1. Dyad: Two-person communication. 2. Small Group: Interaction among members of a small, cooperative unit. 3. Public Communication: A single speaker addressing a sizable audience in a formal manner, aiming to inform, persuade, or entertain. II. TYPES OF SPEECH STYLES 1. INTIMATE: Language used by close friends or lovers with a shared history. Example: Sharing personal problems with a best friend. 2. CASUAL: Informal conversations among friends, often involving slang. Example: Daily chit-chat. 3. CONSULTATIVE: Semi-formal style for interactions such as student-teacher discussions. Example: Asking a teacher about assignments. 4. FORMAL: Structured and professional communication. Example: Job interviews. 5. FROZEN: Fixed, traditional language used in formal ceremonies or addressing strangers. Example: Introductions at formal events. WEEK 12: REVIEW ON SPEECH ACTS Speech acts are acts of communication where the speaker expresses a specific attitude through utterances. These acts are categorized into three major types based on their function: A. Locutionary Act (Utterance)  The literal meaning of the utterance.  Example: "What!" or "That coffee tastes good." B. Illocutionary Act (Intention)  The intention behind the utterance, such as informing, requesting, warning, or apologizing.  Example: "Go home early." (intending to instruct). C. Perlocutionary Act (Effect)  The response or effect the utterance has on the listener, such as persuading, deterring, or surprising.  Example: "Vote for me and I will make this nation great again." (the listener might feel persuaded) CLASSIFICATION OF SPEECH ACTS (BASED ON JOHN SEARLE, 1976) 1. Representatives  Commit the speaker to the truth of a statement (e.g., facts, conclusions).  Example: "It’s raining outside." 2. Directives  Aim to get the listener to do something (e.g., commands, requests).  Example: "Close the door." 3. Commissives  Commit the speaker to a future action (e.g., promises, pledges)  Example: "I’ll see you tomorrow. 4. Expressives  Express the speaker's psychological state (e.g., apologies, thanks).  Example: "Congratulations!" 5. Declarations  Effect immediate changes in institutional contexts (e.g., declaring war, christening).  Example: "You are fired." SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL – ENGLISH DEPARTMENT  WEEK 13: COMMUNICATIVE STRATEGIES​  Strategies used to communicate effectively in various contexts by outlining objectives, stakeholders, key messages, and feedback mechanisms. I. TYPES OF COMMUNICATIVE STRATEGIES 1. NOMINATION: Initiating a topic to start or join a conversation. Example: "What are your thoughts on the latest movie?" 2. RESTRICTION: Limiting the topic to a specific focus. Example: Sticking to basketball when discussing sports. 3. TURN-TAKING: Ensuring everyone has a chance to speak without overlapping. Example: Group discussions in meetings. 4. TOPIC CONTROL: Keeping the conversation aligned with the agenda. Example: Staying on the outlined topics during a meeting. 5. TOPIC SHIFTING: Changing the subject when necessary. Example: "Let’s move on to another topic." 6. REPAIR: Addressing misunderstandings or correcting errors. Example: Politely correcting a mispronounced word. 7. TERMINATION: Ending a conversation appropriately. Example: "Let’s wrap up for today." WEEK 14: TYPES OF SPEECHES 1. Expository/Informative Speech  Purpose: Describe, clarify, explain, or define an idea, object, or process. Example: Explaining the solar system to students. 2. Persuasive Speech  Purpose: Influence audience behavior or opinions.  Begins with a proposition to stimulate, inspire, or persuade. Example: Campaign speeches to promote voting. 3. Entertainment Speech  Purpose: Amuse and relax the audience through anecdotes or humor. Example: Stand-up comedy or banquet speeches. WEEK 15: SPEECHES ACCORDING TO DELIVERY I. Reading from a Manuscript Definition: Speech is written ahead of time and read aloud. Uses: Broadcasting, school reports, seminar presentations. Pros:  Prevents forgetting important details.  Reduces fear of missing key points. Cons:  Lacks eye contact with the audience.  Tips: Practice beforehand, use gestures, maintain vocal clarity, and incorporate facial expressions. II. Memorized Speech Definition: Delivered entirely from memory without notes. Pros:  Well-prepared delivery. Cons:  Risk of forgetting and rigid flow of ideas. Tip: Memorize word for word and rehearse to avoid performance issues. III. Impromptu Speech Definition: Delivered without prior preparation. Pros: Shows spontaneity and confidence. Cons: Requires strong self-assurance to organize thoughts on the spot. WEEK 16: PRINCIPLES OF SPEECH WRITING I. Choosing the Topic A. Ensure it is interesting to the audience. B. Consider factors like age, sex, religion, beliefs, and intellectual levels. C. Draw from the speaker’s knowledge, experiences, and the occasion's theme. SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL – ENGLISH DEPARTMENT  II. Analyzing the Audience A. Assess their characteristics: age, gender, race, economic/educational status, etc. B. Ask these questions: C. Is the audience favorable or neutral? D. Are they indifferent or actively opposed to the topic? III. Sourcing the Information A. Conversations: First-hand accounts and interviews. B. Investigations: Observation and exploration of processes. C. Readings: Books, libraries, and online sources for facts and figures. D. Brainstorming: Ideas from resource persons or experts. E. Mass Media: TV, radio, and internet as information hubs. IV. Outlining and Organizing the Speech A. Create a clear framework or blueprint for the speech. B. Eliminate unnecessary ideas to focus on essential points. C. Assign logical headings for clarity and minimize excessive topics. TIPS FOR EFFECTIVE SPEECH DELIVERY  Maintain direct eye contact to connect with the audience.  Use positive facial expressions to engage listeners.  Keep posture relaxed and hands steady.  Speak audibly with good diction and enunciation.  Exhibit confidence and control nervousness through preparation. DON’TS IN SPEECH DELIVERY  Avoid making faces or giggling.  Refrain from fiddling with objects or swaying unnecessarily.  Maintain appropriate stances; avoid awkward foot positioning.  Don’t overuse gestures or distracting mannerisms. WEEK 17: EFFECTIVE SPEECH DELIVERY To deliver an effective speech: A. Use Both Visible and Audible Codes  Visible Codes: Posture, movement, gestures, facial expressions.  Audible Codes: Voice, language, and tone.  Both codes should work together to make communication more emphatic and meaningful. B. Adapt to the Total Speaking Situation  Consider these four major components:  Audience  Occasion  Subject  Speaker C. Be Sincere  Believe in what you are saying.  Establish credibility to connect with the audience. D. Maintain Modesty  Avoid overconfidence or appearing intellectually superior, as it can alienate the audience.  Exude Confidence  A little nervousness is natural and can enhance performance.  Control nerves through preparation and practice. E. Avoid Drawing Attention to Yourself  Refrain from distracting mannerisms or outlandish attire.  Focus the audience’s attention on your message, not your appearance. F. Be Enthusiastic and Animated  Show energy and belief in your ideas.  Engage the audience with lively delivery. TIPS FOR EFFECTIVE SPEECH DELIVERY A. Direct Eye Contact: Show interest in your audience. B. Facial Expression: Maintain a friendly and approachable demeanor. C. Relaxed Hands and Posture: Avoid stiff movements. D. Positive Attitude: Confidence encourages audience engagement. SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL – ENGLISH DEPARTMENT  E. Audible Voice: Speak clearly with proper diction, pronunciation, and enunciation. F. Deliver with Confidence: Own the stage with poise and professionalism. DON’TS IN SPEECH DELIVERY  Avoid behaviors that can distract the audience, such as:  Making faces or giggling.  Frequently wetting lips or putting your tongue out.  Fiddling with objects (e.g., pens, buttons, coins).  Constantly shifting weight or swaying.  Inappropriate stances (e.g., feet too wide apart).  Unnecessary movements (e.g., thumbs under the belt).  Staring at ceilings, walls, or the floor. Good luck on your examination! Prepared by: MR. KEVIN AVORQUE MR. SWENN G. BAUTISTA MS. ANGELA DENNISE C. MARCOS SHS English Department SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL – ENGLISH DEPARTMENT