Oral Communication Review Second Quarter Exam

Oral Communication Review (Second Quarter Examination)

• Week 10-11: Types of Speech Context and Styles
  • Types of Speech Context
    • Intrapersonal Communication: Internal communication involving thoughts, ideas, and emotions
    • Interpersonal Communication: The exchange of information, feelings, and meaning through verbal and nonverbal communication
      • Kinds: Dyad (2-person), Small group, Public (single speaker to a large audience)
  • Types of Speech Styles
    • Intimate: Language used by close friends or lovers
    • Casual: Informal conversations among friends using slang
    • Consultative: Semi-formal for interactions like student-teacher discussions
    • Formal: Structured, professional communication (e.g., job interviews)
    • Frozen: Fixed, traditional language for formal ceremonies or addressing strangers

Speech Acts

• Speech acts are acts of communication where the speaker expresses a specific attitude. Categorized into 3 types:
  • Locutionary Act (Utterance): The literal meaning of words. (Example: "What!" or "That coffee tastes good.")
  • Illocutionary Act (Intention): The intention behind words, like informing, requesting or apologizing (Example: "Go home early." - instructing)
  • Perlocutionary Act (Effect): The outcome or response the listener has. (Example: Listener is persuaded).
• Classification of Speech Acts (from John Searle, 1976):
  • Representatives: Commits speaker to the truth of a statement (facts, conclusions). (Example: "It's raining outside.")
  • Directives: Aims to get the listener to do something (commands, requests). (Example: "Close the door.")
  • Commissives: Commits speaker to a future action (promises, pledges). (Example: "I'll see you tomorrow.")
  • Expressives: Express the speaker's psychological state (apologies, thanks). (Example: "Congratulations!")
  • Declarations: Effect immediate changes in institutional contexts (declaring war, christening). (Example: "You are fired.")

Week 13: Communicative Strategies

• Types of Communicative Strategies
  • Nomination: Starting a topic ("What are your thoughts on the latest movie?")
  • Restriction: Limiting the topic to a specific area
  • Turn-Taking: Ensuring everyone gets a chance to speak
  • Topic Control: Keeping the conversation on track
  • Topic Shifting: Changing the subject
  • Repair: Addressing misunderstandings
  • Termination: Ending a conversation

Week 14: Types of Speeches

• Expository/Informative Speech: Describes, clarifies, explains, or defines an idea, object, or procedure (e.g., explaining the solar system)
• Persuasive Speech: Influences audience behavior or opinions
• Entertainment Speech: Aims to amuse and relax the audience (e.g., stand-up comedy)

Week 15: Speeches According to Delivery

• Reading from a Manuscript: Speech written beforehand, read aloud. (Uses: Broadcasting, school reports)
• Memorized Speech: Speeches delivered from memory. (Pros: well-prepared delivery, Cons: risk of forgetting)
• Impromptu Speech: Delivered without prior preparation. (Pros: spontaneity, Cons: organizing thoughts on the spot)

Week 16: Principles of Speech Writing

• Choosing the Topic: Interesting to the audience, consider age, beliefs, and occasion/theme
• Analyzing the Audience: Assess characteristics (age, gender, etc.) and determine if favorable/unfavorable to the topic

Week 17: Effective Speech Delivery

• Visible/Audible Codes: Posture, movement, gestures, facial expressions, voice, tone of language
• Adapt to the Situation: Consider audience, occasion, subject, and speaker
• Sincere Delivery: Believe in message, establish credibility
• Maintain Modesty: Avoid appearing overly confident, which can alienate the audience
• Avoid Distracting Behaviors: Don't make faces, fidget, shift weight, have inappropriate stances