Oral Health Awareness and Education: Epidemiology of Dental Caries PDF

NEXT ORAL HEALTH AWARENESS AND EDUCATION A report presentation by Joanne T. De Guzman NEXT NEXT NEXT NEXT NEXT NEXT NEXT NEXT NEXT NEXT NEXT NEXT NEXT NEXT NE...

NEXT ORAL HEALTH AWARENESS AND EDUCATION A report presentation by Joanne T. De Guzman NEXT NEXT NEXT NEXT NEXT NEXT NEXT NEXT NEXT NEXT NEXT NEXT NEXT NEXT NEXT NEXT NEXT NEXT NEXT NEXT  NEXT Epidemiology Of Dental Caries A report presentation by Beyoncy El Gnavaea F. Totanes Epidemiology Epidemiology is defined as.... “The study of distribution and determinants of health- related states or events in specified population, and the application of this study to the control of health related problems.” NEXT Dental Caries Dental caries is defined as... “irreversible microbial disease of the calcified tissues of the tooth characterised by demineralisation of inorganic portion and destruction of the organic substances of the tooth" NEXT  CARIES IN PREHISTORIC MAN NEXT CARIES IN PREHISTORIC MAN Dental caries may be considered a disease of modern civilization, since prehistoric man was rarely affected from dental caries. There is no evidence of dental caries in the relatively very few teeth found in skull fragments of our earliest known ancestors, pithecanthropus. Anthropologic studies of Von Lenhossek revealed that the Dolicocephalic skulls of men from Pre-Neolithic periods (12,000 BC) did not exhibit dental caries, but skulls from Brachycephalic man of the Neolithic periods (12,000- 3000 BC) contained carious teeth. NEXT GLOBAL SCENARIO NEXT GLOBAL SCENARIO Dental caries is still a major health problem in most industrialized countries, affecting 60-90% of school children & vast majority of adults. It is most prevalent oral disease in several Asian and Latin American countries, while it appears to be less common and less severe in most African countries. The WHO records a global DMFT of 1.61 for 12 year old in 2004, a reduction of 0.13 as compared to a DMFT of 1.74 in the year 2001. NEXT  THEORIES OF CARIES ETIOLOGY NEXT THEORIES OF CARIES ETIOLOGY I.EARLY THEORIES OF CARIES FORMATION A. THE LEGEND OF THE WORM In past, dental caries was thought to be caused by living worms inside the tooth structure. II. ENDOGENOUS THEORIES A. HOMORAL THEORY According to Galen An imbalance between the humors(blood, phlegm, black bile and yellow bile) of body caused tooth decay. B. VITAL THEORY was advanced towards the end of the 18th century, Tooth decay originated from within the tooth itself, like a bone NEXT III.EXOGENOUS THEORIES A. CHEMICAL (ACID) THEORY On the basis of findings of Robertson (1835), this theory proposed that tooth decay was caused by the fermentation of food particles around the teeth. B. PARASITIC (SEPTIC) THEORY By Antoni Von Leeuwenhock (1632-1723)- that microorganisms were associated with the carious process. In 1843, Erdl- filamentous parasite in the membrane removed from the teeth. In 1847, Ficinus- observed a filamentous organisms in the enamel cuticle & in carious lesions. * In1954, Dubos- microorganisms can have toxic effects on tissue. NEXT III.EXOGENOUS THEORIES C. ACIDOGENIC THEORY Proposed by W.D.Miller in 1890. According to this theory- Sugar(carbohydrates) + bacteria = makes acid (mainly lactic acid) Acid attacks the healthy tooth & make it carious. D. PROTEOLYSIS THEORY Gottileb(1947) Proteolytic enzyme liberated by cariogenic bacteria → destruction of the organic matrix → detachment of inorganic crystals from one another → collapse of whole structure → CAVITATION E. PROTEOLYSIS CHELATION THEORY originated by Schatz & Martin in 1955. Product of bacterial action + enamel/dentin/salivary constituents → chelates with calcium. Chelate can be formed at neutral/alkaline pH Demineralization could arise without acid formation. CLASSIFICATION OF DENTAL CARIES NEXT CLASSIFICATION OF DENTAL CARIES According to anatomical site of the lesion Pit and fissure caries Smooth surface caries buccal and lingual surface caries proximal surface Based on severity and progression Rampant caries Nursing caries Radiation caries NEXT CLASSIFICATION OF DENTAL CARIES Based on part of tooth structure involved Enamel caries -incipient caries -linear enamel caries(odontoclasia) Dentinal caries Cemental caries Based on activity Primary caries Secondary caries Residual caries Arrested caries NEXT CURRENT CONCEPT OF NEXT DENTAL CARIES EPIDEMIOLOGICAL FACTORS NEXT OF DENTAL CARIES HISTOPATHOLOGY OF NEXT DENTAL CARIES HISTOPATHOLOGY OF NEXT DENTAL CARIES PREVENTION NEXT PREVENTION NEXT  NEXT CONCLUSION Since dental caries is a highly prevalent disease control of caries is a concern of all the people. For a developing country, the focus should be on assessing the caries risk identifying those individuals at high risk to develop caries. Preventive measures can then be targeted at this group thereby not only reducing the economic burden of the restorative care but also eliminating pain & improving the overall quality of life. Thanks for listening.. NEXT