ORAL COM_1st qtr.pdf

- We also use communication to motivate ourselves or others. ORAL COM Review well mga cuhpatid - Communication is also the only way we...

- We also use communication to motivate ourselves or others. ORAL COM Review well mga cuhpatid - Communication is also the only way we express our emotions. Nature of Communication - Last but not the least, communication is also - Once you say/write something, it cannot be used for giving information. Some of these unsaid. would be instructions, info graphics, posters, presentations, documentaries, movie, and announcements. - Communication has multiple processes in order to be successful, these processes may Communication Noise/Barriers be simple or complex. - Anything in your surroundings causing - Once something is said, it can never be said disturbances in communication/ in the same exact context as it was originally Examples: said. -Loud music -Irritating engine/machine sound -classmate who talks while teacher is - There are various ways to communicate, discussing. whether it be through talking, writing, texting, calling, gestures, etc. - Barriers that give the sender or receiver difficulty in communicating - Communication cannot be stopped, one way Examples: or another you will be able to communicate. -Headache -Toothache -Hunger - This is because in communication feelings and emotions are expressed and it is what makes people understand the message most - Qualities in us that affect how we of the time. communicate and interpret others, some examples of this is prejudice and feelings. - Without these two, it would not be considered as communication. Models of communication Functions of Communication - This model was more focused on public speaking, hence why the speaker plays a very important role. - A few examples of these would be traffic - This communication focuses on persuading laws, school rules, guidelines, and restrictions. the audience. - This is what communication is used for most of the time. 1. Speaker - There is an exchange of messages between 2. Speech the sender and the receiver where both take 3. Occasion turns in sending and receiving messages 4. Audience 5. Effect 1. Sender 2. Behaves 3. Channel(s) 4. Message 5. Decodes 6. Receiver 7. Feedback 8. Noise - Politician giving a speech - Speaker speaking at a seminar - Public service announcements - A triangle containing 3 convincing strategies - pertains to the speaker’s credibility and degree of authority. 1. Use words that suit the audience 2. Keep communication professional 3. Conduct research before words are presented as facts 4. Use recommendations from qualified experts - A linear model of communication 5. Make logical connections and avoid fallacies - Originally didn’t include feedback until the model was criticized. - emotion, the way which the audience reacts to the speaker’s message. 1. Sender 1. Always keep different types of humor in mind, 2. Encoder people are stimulated by humor. 3. Channel 2. Use images/graphics to evoke strong emotions. 4. Decoder 3. Pay attention to intonation and tempo to elicit 5. Receiver enthusiasm or anxiety 6. Feedback 7. Noise - logic, most important of ones argument according to Aristotle’s model 1. What is the context? What conditions are relevant 2. What are the potential counter-arguments? 3. Are there any evidences that support my argument? 4. Do I correctly avoid generalizations and am I being specific enough? - This model of communication is cyclical and has feedback as it’s crucial component. - According to this model, effective communication occurs when the sender and 1. Thinking receiver have the same level of experience 2. Symbolizing 3. Expressing 4. Transmitting 1. Source 5. Receiving 2. Message 6. Decoding 3. Channel 7. Feedbacking 4. Receiver 8. Monitoring Yes Yes - This model believes that communication process is just like a helix which moves - Communication that occurs in a circular way. forwards as well as backwards and is This implies that both sender and receiver dependent on behaviour patterns of the past exchange roles and participate equally in with some modifications and changes. communicating. 1. Initiation 1. Interpreter 2. Interpretation 2. Encoder 3. Response 3. Message 4. Feedback 4. Decoder 5. Interpreter Hello Various Strategies to Avoid - are the alternate meanings aroused by a speaker’s symbols. In other Communication Breakdown words this means that words may have another meaning in the minds of students. - A failure in communication due to various - incorrect grammar barriers - using excessive technical jargon - using idiomatic expressions Two types of Communication - natural or environmental conditions that act as barriers in - the use of words communication to share information with other people. - also known as - people mental barriers, refer to social and personal - opinions and beliefs issues of a speaker towards communicating - topic with others. - communicative situation - language choice - pertain to communication barriers encountered by people regarding - their values, beliefs and traditions in conflict communication without the use of words, uses with others. visual cues. - pertain to conflicts - most often used type concerning language and word meanings of non-verbal communication because words carry denotative and Facial Expression - utilizes facial expressions connotative meanings. Meanings of words and such as smiling, pouting, having a poker face, symbols can sometimes cause confusion etc. because of different uses of a word in - each color has a different cultures (difference accent and different meaning for example, in a gender dialect, difference in language, use of jargon reveal party blue means it’s a boy and pink and slang). means it’s a girl. - different flowers have - gives a similar idea of different meanings, like a rose meaning love, barrier when he classifies noise into three or a sunflower pertaining to happiness. kinds. - also knows as , utilizes the use of space based on importance - are sight, sound, and other like a judge being set on an stand in front of stimuli that draw people’s attention away from the courtroom and the audience & defendant the intended meaning. being placed in the same area. : - also known as - noise from vehicles is the use of time based on position and power, - singing from neighborhood for example in some countries someone may - dog barking show authority by making visitors wait a - sound of an airplane longer time. - also known as - are the Thoughts and can be used to expressed what cannot be said feelings that interfere with meaning. - how one stands or sits tells the people around how one - racial prejudice sees oneself as. - confrontation with a friend 5 Ways to avoid communication breakdown according to Ronnie - look for a quiet Peterson place where you can minimize distractions or noise. - use simple and concise words Arrange your thoughts before verbalizing as much as possible. them, this can help you communicate much more clearly. - before your give comments, be sure that you have listened attentively. Don’t be afraid to ask them to repeat or explain further in polite manner once you don’t Tips to avoid Communication understand the point. Breakdown (Broom, Cutlip and Center 2012) 7Cs Keep your emotions in check, try to - speaker should include maintain eye contact and adopt a relaxed tone. everything the receiver needs to hear, respond, react or evaluate properly. - the message should be direct Focus on improving your skills by or straight to the point, irrelevant information practicing in front of those who you may feel should not be included. more comfortable with. You can also ask for feedback and critique. - the speaker should give high regard and courtesy to audience’s background information such as culture, education, religion, status, mood, feelings and You can convey your point more clearly, needs. with your body language as well as your tone of voice. - message is backed up by facts and real-life examples/situations. Strategies to avoid communication - the speaker can show respect to breakdown according to Quipper his/her receivers through understanding their n.d. values, cultures, and beliefs. Showing courtesy helps create a positive vibe with the - self explanatory, put in audience. mind the purpose of the communication - the use of simple and specific - use appropriate words to express ideas. speaking volume, pitch rate, proper enunciation, stress and acceptable - avoiding mistakes in pronunciation. grammar helps to boost the credibility and effectiveness of the message and at the same - pay time it eliminates negative impact on the attention to verbal and non-verbal message audience. Oral Communication Activities - vocabulary or terminology that supports the effectiveness of the presentation - F2f conversation should be appropriate - Telephone conversation - Business meeting - grouping and sequence of the - Business presentation presentation. - Classroom lectures - Commencement speech Six types of Oral Communication Types of Speech Contexts Activities - two people - Conversing with inner self by THINKING directly talking to each other. - a small group of - Communication with other people people discussing something. - involves - communication between two people, participants to argue on one side while also known as “Dyadic communication”. deliberation allows movement by individuals within process. - Self identity or personal discovery - Discovery of how people perceive you - Know more about self and the person - typically less agonistic, you are talking to. argument-based , and competitive than a - Gain information debate and deliberation but still dialogic in - Establish meaningful relationships character. - Influence people - Build an understanding - some examples of these are Formal SONA, Valedictory speech, Pledge of Loyalty, Informal etc. : - presentation of a certain A. Telephoning topic/information. B. Dictation C. Face-to-face communication Ways to examine Oral Communication activities 1. Interview 2. Casual conversation - the main point/take away 3. Dialogue of a presentation. - occurs - these include among 3-20 people. Shared and purposeful posture, gestures, eye contact and the use of communication, allows a person to express voice. their views, analyze situation and give crucial judgement.  - Orientation stage - Conflict stage 1. Choose a topic that you already know or - Emergence stage: decision is made are willing to research. - Reinforcement stage: decision is 2. Outline and draft the the informative speech reinforced based on the topic, key points and details you want to give about the topic. 3. Make sure you capture the audience’s attention and summarize key points and “take- 1. They must listen to each other carefully. aways” as you go. 2. They must understand the different points of view. 3. They must respect the opinions of each - explains the meaning, other. theory or philosophy of a topic. Main goal is to 4. They must establish a common ground. educate the audience. 5. They must crate solutions for the - explains how problem/situation presented. something is done, visualizations help the 6. They must agree for the benefit of all audience retain each step. members. - gives a description of the state of a topic. Goal is to inform the audience of a particular part of an industry. - creates a vivid picture  Members will listen to each other’s views in a person’s mind about an object, person, and find the “socially correct” side of the animal or place. issue. An example of. - given to persuade  Each member has prior knowledge about the audience to feel a certain way, take certain both sides but, they will be persuaded by action or to support a cause. whichever side has greater amount of shared information. Also known as. 1. Choose a topic where people have contradicting opinions, the persuasive  Speaker-audience communication that argument can be made stronger if you can involves a large audience, speaker’s aim is demonstrate that you are passionate about to inform/persuade the audience to the topic. act,buy or think in a certain way. 2. Outline the draft by taking a position on the topic (pro or against basically).  Uses mass media (digital media&social 3. It will help if you can discuss about how the media) to reach a larger audience. other side is incorrect in their beliefs. 4. Make sure you catch your audiences  Communication that occurs within attention, and that you summarize key points organizations. and take-aways.  Communication between different cultures, - convinces people conveying information correctly and they can succeed in life. skillfully in a manner acceptable by all groups involved. Types of Speech according to Purpose life - oppressive colleagues, teachers, bosses, parents or other authoritive figures. - to give information  - what strategies did you - useful when take with you on your journey? words need to be exact and speaker doesn’t want to use notes. - your inner strength, resilience, determination and authenticity in becoming who you are. Make an emotional connection with your audience and invite them to take similar actions. This is where you motivate them to regain their confidence. This is also important in helping them connect by making the speech relatable, more importantly you are showing that you have done it showing that it’s possible for them too. - To entertain A. After dinner speech - speaker injects a level of humor in a serious speech topic. B. Ceremonial speech - these include introductions, toasts, and eulogies. Different Types of Speeches according to Delivery - short message without advanced preparation. - spontaneous and responsive in an animated group context. - speaker is given little to no time to contemplate the central theme. - carefully Good-luck :D planned and rehearse speech, utilizes brief notes rather than a full manuscript, enabling the speaker to establish and maintain eye contact with the audience. Promotes the likelihood that you are knowledgeable and credible. - word- for-word iteration of a written message, speaker maintains his/her attention on the printed paper except when using visual aids.