OMB Chapter 8 Ed 3 Rev 33 Operations Manual PDF

Page: 1 Chapter: 8 Operations Manual Part A Edition: 3 Operating Procedures Revision: 33 Date: 09 Oct 2023 CHAPTER 8 TABLE OF CONTENTS 8.0 INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................................ 11 8.1 FLIGHT PREPARATION INSTRUCTIONS........................................................................................... 11 8.1.1 MINIMUM FLIGHT ALTITUDES................................................................................................................12 8.1.1.1 General....................................................................................................................................12 8.1.1.2 Minimum Obstacle Clearance Altitude (MOCA).....................................................................12 8.1.1.3 Minimum En-Route Altitude...................................................................................................12 8.1.1.4 Minimum Off-Route Altitude..................................................................................................13 8.1.1.5 Minimum Altitude in Terminal Areas......................................................................................13 8.1.1.6 Minimum Radar Vectoring Altitude (MRVA)...........................................................................13 8.1.1.7 Operational Flight Plan (OFP) Minimum Altitude...................................................................13 8.1.1.8 Obstacle Clearance Performance Requirements....................................................................13 8.1.1.8.1 One Engine Inoperative En-Route Net Flight Path..................................................................14 8.1.1.8.2 Two Engines Inoperative En-Route Net Flight Path (Aircraft with 3 or More Engines)..........14 8.1.1.9 Minimum Altitude / Flight Level to be Flown.........................................................................15 8.1.1.9.1 Normal Operations..................................................................................................................15 8.1.1.9.2 Non-Normal Operations..........................................................................................................16 8.1.1.10 Adjustments to Minimum Obstacle Clearance Altitudes.........................................................16 8.1.1.10.1 Allowance for Wind Speed......................................................................................................16 8.1.1.10.2 Temperature Corrections........................................................................................................16 8.1.2 CRITERIA FOR DETERMINING THE USABILITY OF AERODROMES...........................................................18 8.1.2.1 Flights Under Instrument Flight Rules (IFR)............................................................................19 8.1.2.2 Aerodrome Categorisation......................................................................................................19 8.1.2.3 Take-off from an Aerodrome not contained in OM-C............................................................19 8.1.2.4 Commander’s Aerodrome Qualification.................................................................................20 8.1.2.4.1 Category A Aerodromes..........................................................................................................20 8.1.2.4.2 Category B Aerodromes..........................................................................................................20 8.1.2.4.3 Category C Aerodromes..........................................................................................................21 8.1.2.5 Alternate Aerodromes............................................................................................................21 8.1.2.5.1 Definitions...............................................................................................................................21 8.1.2.5.2 Take-Off Alternate...................................................................................................................21 8.1.2.5.3 Destination Alternate..............................................................................................................21 8.1.2.6 Landing – Destination and Alternate Aerodromes.................................................................22 8.1.2.7 Landing on dry Runways.........................................................................................................22 8.1.2.8 Landing on wet and contaminated Runways..........................................................................23 8.1.2.9 In-flight check of the landing distance at time of arrival (LDTA).............................................24 8.1.2.9.1 Assessment of the landing distance at time of arrival (LDTA) based on dispatch criteria......24 8.1.2.10 Abnormal operation (system failure) Dispatch only...............................................................27 8.1.3 METHODS FOR THE DETERMINATION OF AERODROME OPERATING MINIMA (AOM)..........................24 8.1.3.1 Planning Requirements...........................................................................................................24 8.1.3.1.1 Take-off Alternates..................................................................................................................24 8.1.3.1.2 Destination Aerodrome...........................................................................................................24 8.1.3.1.3 Destination Alternate, 3% ERA and En-Route Alternate Aerodromes....................................26 8.1.3.2 Calculation of Aerodrome Operating Minima.........................................................................28 8.1.3.2.1 Aircraft Speed Categories........................................................................................................28 8.1.3.2.2 Take-off Minima......................................................................................................................28 8.1.3.2.3 Category I, APV and non-precision approach operations.......................................................30 8.1.3.2.4 Criteria for establishing RVR / Converted Met Visibility.........................................................33 Uncontrolled document if downloaded or printed Page: 2 Chapter: 8 Edition: 3 Operations Manual Part A Revision: 24 Operating Procedures Date: 19 Oct 2022 8.1.3.2.5 Determination of RVR / CMV / visibility minima for Category I, APV and non-precision approach operations..........................................................................................................................................34 8.1.3.2.6 Lower than Standard Category I Operations...........................................................................37 8.1.3.2.7 Precision approach – Category II operations..........................................................................38 8.1.3.2.8 Precision approach – Category III operations.........................................................................40 8.1.3.2.9 Circling.....................................................................................................................................41 8.1.3.2.10 Visual Approach Minima.........................................................................................................43 8.1.3.2.11 Conversion of reported meteorological visibility to RVR / CMV.............................................44 8.1.3.2.12 Commencement and Continuation of an Approach...............................................................44 8.1.3.2.13 Threshold Crossing Height......................................................................................................45 8.1.4 MINIMA FOR LOW VISIBILITY OPERATIONS...........................................................................................45 8.1.5 PRESENTATION AND APPLICATION OF AERODROME AND EN-ROUTE OPERATING MINIMA................45 8.1.5.1 Presentation............................................................................................................................45 8.1.5.1.1 Aerodrome Operating Minima................................................................................................45 8.1.5.1.2 En-Route Operating Minima...................................................................................................46 8.1.5.2 Application..............................................................................................................................46 8.1.6 THE METHODS FOR INTERPRETATION OF METEOROLOGICAL INFORMATION......................................46 8.1.6.1 Routine Actual Weather Reports (METAR).............................................................................46 8.1.6.2 Aerodrome Weather Forecasts (TAFs)....................................................................................48 8.1.6.3 SIGMET Information................................................................................................................49 8.1.6.4 National differences to international Code Forms (especially Eastern Europe - Russia)........50 8.1.6.5 Global Reporting Format (GRF) and Runway Condition Report for reporting runway surface condition.................................................................................................................................................50 8.1.7 DETERMINATION OF THE QUANTITY OF FUEL & OIL CARRIED...............................................50 8.1.7.1 Fuel Planning...........................................................................................................................50 8.1.7.2 Basic Fuel Formula..................................................................................................................51 8.1.7.2.1 Taxi Fuel..................................................................................................................................51 8.1.7.2.2 Trip Fuel...................................................................................................................................51 8.1.7.2.3 Contingency Fuel or Route Reserve Fuel................................................................................52 8.1.7.2.4 Alternate Fuel..........................................................................................................................53 8.1.7.2.5 Final Reserve Fuel....................................................................................................................54 8.1.7.2.6 Fuel Over Destination (FOD)...................................................................................................54 8.1.7.2.7 Additional Fuel........................................................................................................................54 8.1.7.2.8 Extra Fuel.................................................................................................................................55 8.1.7.3 Alternative Fuel Formula.........................................................................................................55 8.1.7.3.1 Reduced Contingency Fuel (RCF) Procedure...........................................................................55 8.1.7.3.2 Predetermined Point (PDP) Procedure...................................................................................56 8.1.7.3.3 Isolated Aerodrome Procedure...............................................................................................57 8.1.7.3.4 In-flight Re-planning................................................................................................................57 8.1.7.4 Fuel Tankering.........................................................................................................................57 8.1.7.5 Fuel And Oil Supply.................................................................................................................58 8.1.7.6 Maintenance Of Fuel And Oil Carriage And Consumption Records........................................58 8.1.7.7 Commanders responsibility....................................................................................................58 8.1.8 MASS AND CENTRE OF GRAVITY.............................................................................................................58 8.1.8.1 Terminology............................................................................................................................58 8.1.8.2 Aircraft Mass...........................................................................................................................59 8.1.8.3 Crew Members And Baggage..................................................................................................59 8.1.8.4 Passengers, Baggage, Cargo And Fuel.....................................................................................59 Uncontrolled document if downloaded or printed Page: 3 Chapter: 8 Operations Manual Part A Edition: 3 Operating Procedures Revision: 33 Date: 09 Oct 2023 8.1.8.4.1 Weight Values for Passengers.................................................................................................59 8.1.8.4.2 Cargo and Fuel Weights...........................................................................................................59 8.1.8.5 Weight and Balance Documentation......................................................................................60 8.1.8.5.1 Weight and Balance Sheet Preparation..................................................................................60 8.1.8.5.2 Last Minute Change (LMC) Procedures...................................................................................61 8.1.8.5.3 Weight and Balance Verification.............................................................................................61 8.1.8.5.4 Suspected Inaccurately Loaded Aircraft.................................................................................62 8.1.9 AIR TRAFFIC SERVICES (ATS) FLIGHT PLAN.............................................................................................62 8.1.9.1 General....................................................................................................................................62 8.1.9.1.1 Filing Of Flight Plan..................................................................................................................62 8.1.9.1.2 Submission of flight plan.........................................................................................................62 8.1.9.1.3 Amendment of flight plan.......................................................................................................62 8.1.9.1.4 Deviation from flight plan.......................................................................................................62 8.1.9.1.5 AEROTRANSCARGO clearance.................................................................................................63 8.1.9.2 Repetitive AEROTRANSCARGO flight plan (RPL).....................................................................63 8.1.9.3 Standard ICAO flight plan........................................................................................................63 8.1.9.3.1 General....................................................................................................................................63 8.1.9.3.2 Crew routine............................................................................................................................63 8.1.9.3.3 Completion of ICAO ATS flight plan.........................................................................................64 8.1.9.3.4 Example of electronically filed flight plan...............................................................................64 8.1.9.3.5 Time SLOTs (CTOTs).................................................................................................................65 8.1.9.3.6 CTOT Revision Request Message............................................................................................66 8.1.9.3.7 Closing the ATS Flight Plan......................................................................................................66 8.1.10 OPERATIONAL FLIGHT PLAN...................................................................................................................66 8.1.10.1 Procedures for the Preparation of the Operational Flight Plan..............................................66 8.1.10.1.1 Content of the Operational Flight Plan...................................................................................67 8.1.10.1.2 OFP Preparation Methods.......................................................................................................69 8.1.10.1.3 Preparation of the OFP............................................................................................................69 8.1.10.1.4 Completion of the Operational Flight Plan.............................................................................70 8.1.10.2 Briefing Documentation..........................................................................................................71 8.1.10.2.1 Description of the Briefing Package........................................................................................71 8.1.10.3 Sources of Meteorological Information..................................................................................72 8.1.10.4 Briefing....................................................................................................................................73 8.1.11 AIRCRAFT TECHNICAL LOG (ATL)............................................................................................................73 8.1.11.1 Aircraft Technical Log - Flight Crew Procedures.....................................................................73 8.1.11.1.1 Pre-flight..................................................................................................................................73 8.1.11.1.1.1 Daily Check Validity.................................................................................................................74 8.1.11.1.2 In-flight....................................................................................................................................74 8.1.11.1.3 Post-flight................................................................................................................................74 8.1.11.1.4 Rectification of Defects...........................................................................................................75 8.1.11.1.5 Rectification of Defects – No Authorised Engineering Support Available..............................75 8.1.11.2 Loss of Aircraft Technical Log..................................................................................................76 8.1.11.3 Format of the Aircraft Technical Log.......................................................................................76 8.1.12 LIST OF DOCUMENTS, FORMS AND ADDITIONAL INFORMATION TO BE CARRIED................................76 8.1.12.1 Aircraft Documents.................................................................................................................76 8.1.12.2 Crew Documents.....................................................................................................................77 8.1.12.3 Manuals...................................................................................................................................77 8.1.12.4 Other Documents and Forms..................................................................................................77 Uncontrolled document if downloaded or printed Page: 4 Chapter: 8 Edition: 3 Operations Manual Part A Revision: 24 Operating Procedures Date: 19 Oct 2022 8.1.12.5 Presentation of Operational Documents, Data and Information in Electronic Format..........78 8.1.13 CHECK-IN AND CHECK-OUT PROCEDURES FOR FLIGHTS........................................................................78 8.1.13.1 Import regulations...................................................................................................................79 8.2 GROUND HANDLING INSTRUCTIONS............................................................................................. 80 8.2.1 FUELLING PROCEDURES..........................................................................................................................80 8.2.1.1 Authorised Refuellers..............................................................................................................80 8.2.1.2 Basic Precautions....................................................................................................................80 8.2.1.3 Flight Crew Procedures...........................................................................................................81 8.2.1.4 Fuel Freezing Point Determination.........................................................................................81 8.2.1.4.1 Method....................................................................................................................................81 8.2.1.5 Fuel Uplift Check (Gross Error Check).....................................................................................82 8.2.1.6 Fuelling Zone...........................................................................................................................82 8.2.1.7 Maintenance Activities During Fuelling..................................................................................82 8.2.1.8 Refuelling with Operational Staff on Board............................................................................83 8.2.1.8.1 Ramp Agent’s Responsibilities................................................................................................83 8.2.1.8.2 Flight Crew ResponsibilitiesThe flight crew must:..................................................................83 8.2.1.8.3 Authorised Refueller’s Responsibilities...................................................................................83 8.2.2 AIRCRAFT AND CARGO HANDLING.........................................................................................................84 8.2.2.1 Aircraft Ground Operations....................................................................................................84 8.2.2.1.1 Operation Of Aircraft Doors....................................................................................................84 8.2.2.1.2 Ramp Safety............................................................................................................................84 8.2.2.1.3 Specific Safety Considerations................................................................................................85 8.2.2.2 Aircraft Arrival.........................................................................................................................86 8.2.2.3 Communication Procedure Between Crew and Ground Staff................................................87 8.2.2.4 Aircraft Parking Procedure......................................................................................................87 8.2.2.5 Aircraft Departure...................................................................................................................87 8.2.2.6 Cargo Handling Procedures.....................................................................................................90 8.2.2.6.1 Authorization For Loading.......................................................................................................90 8.2.2.6.2 Loading Of Aircraft..................................................................................................................91 8.2.2.6.3 After Loading Check................................................................................................................91 8.2.2.6.4 Offloading Of Aircraft..............................................................................................................91 8.2.2.6.5 Carriage of Live Animals..........................................................................................................92 8.2.2.6.6 Pre-Alert for AEROTRANSCARGO............................................................................................92 8.2.2.6.7 Occurrence In Flight With Live Animals On Board..................................................................92 8.2.2.6.8 Animal Attendant Policy..........................................................................................................93 8.2.2.6.9 Transportation Of Horses........................................................................................................93 8.2.2.6.10 Aircraft Disinfection And Cleaning..........................................................................................94 8.2.2.6.11 Flight Delays And Diversions With Live Animals Or Temperature Sensitive Cargo Flight Delay..................................................................................................................................................94 8.2.2.7 Flight diversion........................................................................................................................95 8.2.2.8 Carriage of Temperature Sensitive Cargo...............................................................................95 8.2.2.9 Carriage of Dangerous Goods.................................................................................................95 8.2.2.10 Cargo Shoring..........................................................................................................................95 8.2.2.11 Area Load................................................................................................................................95 8.2.2.12 Running load...........................................................................................................................96 8.2.2.13 General Precautions................................................................................................................97 8.2.2.14 Shoring Complexity Levels......................................................................................................97 8.2.2.15 Elementary Shoring.................................................................................................................97 Uncontrolled document if downloaded or printed Page: 5 Chapter: 8 Operations Manual Part A Edition: 3 Operating Procedures Revision: 33 Date: 09 Oct 2023 8.2.2.16 Shoring Underneath the Load.................................................................................................98 8.2.2.17 Free Span Shoring.................................................................................................................100 8.2.2.18 Shoring Geometry.................................................................................................................100 8.2.2.19 Pyramid Shoring....................................................................................................................102 8.2.2.20 Concentrated Loads..............................................................................................................102 8.2.2.20.1 Concentrically Loaded Containers.........................................................................................103 8.2.2.21 Passenger handling procedures............................................................................................103 8.2.2.22 Carriage of persons other than crew....................................................................................104 8.2.2.23 Smoking on Board.................................................................................................................104 8.2.2.24 Carriage of Inadmissible Persons, Deportees or Persons in Custody...................................104 8.2.2.25 Stowage of Hand Baggage.....................................................................................................104 8.2.2.26 Access to Cargo Area.............................................................................................................104 8.2.3 REFUSAL OF EMBARKATION.................................................................................................................105 8.2.4 DE-ICING AND ANTI-ICING ON THE GROUND.......................................................................................105 8.2.4.1 Certification for Flight in Icing Conditions.............................................................................105 8.2.4.2 The Effect of Ice on the Aircraft and its Mitigation...............................................................105 8.2.4.3 Definitions and Terminology.................................................................................................106 8.2.4.4 Conditions Conductive to the Formation of Ice or Frost......................................................108 8.2.4.4.1 Weather Related Conditions.................................................................................................108 8.2.4.4.2 Non Weather Related Conditions.........................................................................................108 8.2.4.4.3 Effect Of Ice On The Engine Inlets And Fan Blades...............................................................110 8.2.4.5 Procedures to be Adopted in Ground Icing Conditions........................................................110 8.2.4.5.1 External Inspections Of Critical Surfaces...............................................................................110 8.2.4.6 Fluids.....................................................................................................................................113 8.2.4.7 Holdover Protection..............................................................................................................113 8.2.4.8 Special Operational Considerations......................................................................................114 8.2.4.8.1 Precautions When Using De-Icing/Anti-Icing Fluid...............................................................114 8.2.4.8.2 Toxicity Of Fluids...................................................................................................................114 8.2.4.8.3 Precautions Handling Fluids..................................................................................................114 8.2.4.9 Special Maintenance Considerations....................................................................................115 8.2.4.9.1 Fluid Residues........................................................................................................................115 8.3 FLIGHT PROCEDURES.................................................................................................................. 115 8.3.1 FLIGHT RULES POLICY...........................................................................................................................115 8.3.2 NAVIGATION PROCEDURES..................................................................................................................116 8.3.2.1 Use of Navigation Equipment...............................................................................................116 8.3.2.2 Instrument Navigation Procedures.......................................................................................116 8.3.2.2.1 Noise Abatement Departure Procedures..............................................................................117 8.3.2.2.2 Approach other than ILS.......................................................................................................118 8.3.2.2.3 Conduct of ILS Approaches...................................................................................................119 8.3.2.2.4 Conduct of RNAV Approaches...............................................................................................119 8.3.2.3 Use of Navigation Logs..........................................................................................................119 8.3.2.4 Weather Conditions for Continuation of Flight and Re-planning Requirements..................120 8.3.2.4.1 Before Take-off......................................................................................................................120 8.3.2.4.2 In-Flight.................................................................................................................................120 8.3.2.5 Operations in Areas with Specified Navigation Performance Requirements.......................120 8.3.2.5.1 Required Navigational Performance (RNP)...........................................................................121 8.3.2.5.2 North Atlantic Minimum Navigation Performance Specifications Area (NAT HLA)..............121 8.3.2.5.3 RNAV 5 (B-RNAV) Airspace....................................................................................................121 Uncontrolled document if downloaded or printed Page: 6 Chapter: 8 Edition: 3 Operations Manual Part A Revision: 24 Operating Procedures Date: 19 Oct 2022 8.3.2.5.4 RNP 1 (P-RNAV) Airspace......................................................................................................122 8.3.2.5.5 RNP 10 Airspace....................................................................................................................122 8.3.2.5.6 Other RNAV Airspace............................................................................................................122 8.3.2.5.7 RVSM Airspace......................................................................................................................122 8.3.2.5.8 RNAV Approach (Approach other than ILS)..........................................................................122 8.3.3 ALTIMETER SETTING PROCEDURES......................................................................................................123 8.3.3.1 Altimeter Serviceability Checks.............................................................................................123 8.3.3.2 Altimeter Subscale Setting Procedures.................................................................................123 8.3.3.3 Setting of Radio Altimeters...................................................................................................124 8.3.3.4 Metric Altimeter....................................................................................................................124 8.3.3.4.1 Metric Altimeter Setting.......................................................................................................124 8.3.3.4.2 Landing at an Aerodrome in a Metric Altimetry Region.......................................................124 8.3.4 ALTITUDE ALERTING SYSTEM PROCEDURES.........................................................................................125 8.3.5 GROUND PROXIMITY WARNING SYSTEM (GPWS) / TERRAIN AWARENESS WARNING SYSTEM (TAWS) PROCEDURES........................................................................................................................................................125 8.3.5.1 GPWS Modes, Alerts and Warnings......................................................................................126 8.3.5.2 Ground proximity detection..................................................................................................126 8.3.5.3 Equipment Limitations..........................................................................................................126 8.3.5.4 GPWS Warnings – Discretionary Action by Commander......................................................127 8.3.5.5 Unwanted Warnings.............................................................................................................127 8.3.6 POLICY AND PROCEDURES FOR THE USE OF TCAS / ACAS...................................................................127 8.3.6.1 TCAS II....................................................................................................................................128 8.3.6.1.1 Traffic Advisories...................................................................................................................128 8.3.6.1.2 Resolution Advisories............................................................................................................128 8.3.6.2 Descent..................................................................................................................................130 8.3.7 POLICY AND PROCEDURES FOR IN-FLIGHT FUEL MANAGEMENT........................................................130 8.3.7.1 In-Flight Fuel Checks..............................................................................................................130 8.3.7.1.1 Flights Planned Using Reduced Contingency Fuel (RCF).......................................................132 8.3.7.1.2 Flights Planned Using a Predetermined Point (PDP).............................................................132 8.3.7.1.3 Flights to an Isolated Aerodrome..........................................................................................133 8.3.7.2 Low Fuel State.......................................................................................................................133 8.3.7.3 Overweight Landing..............................................................................................................133 8.3.7.3.1 Definition...............................................................................................................................133 8.3.7.3.2 Consideration........................................................................................................................134 8.3.7.3.3 Crew Action...........................................................................................................................134 8.3.7.4 Fuel Jettison..........................................................................................................................134 8.3.8 ADVERSE AND POTENTIALLY HAZARDOUS ATMOSPHERIC CONDITIONS............................................135 8.3.8.1 Thunderstorms......................................................................................................................135 8.3.8.1.1 Recommended Technique for Flying Through Areas of Thunderstorm Activity...................135 8.3.8.1.2 Use of Weather Radar...........................................................................................................136 8.3.8.2 Icing Conditions.....................................................................................................................137 8.3.8.3 Turbulence............................................................................................................................137 8.3.8.4 Windshear.............................................................................................................................137 8.3.8.5 Jetstreams.............................................................................................................................138 8.3.8.6 Clear Air Turbulence..............................................................................................................138 8.3.8.7 Rain, Snow and Other Precipitation......................................................................................138 8.3.8.8 Sandstorms............................................................................................................................139 8.3.8.9 Volcanic Ash..........................................................................................................................139 Uncontrolled document if downloaded or printed Page: 7 Chapter: 8 Operations Manual Part A Edition: 3 Operating Procedures Revision: 33 Date: 09 Oct 2023 8.3.8.10 Mountain Waves...................................................................................................................140 8.3.8.11 Significant Temperature Inversions......................................................................................140 8.3.9 WAKE TURBULENCE..............................................................................................................................141 8.3.9.1 Wake Vortex Separation........................................................................................................141 8.3.9.1.1 Aircraft on Approach.............................................................................................................141 8.3.9.1.2 Aircraft Departing in the Same Direction..............................................................................143 8.3.9.1.3 Aircraft Departing in Opposite Directions.............................................................................144 8.3.9.1.4 Crossing and Parallel Runways..............................................................................................144 8.3.9.1.5 Displaced Landing Threshold................................................................................................144 8.3.9.1.6 Aircraft performing a Touch-and-Go.....................................................................................145 8.3.9.1.7 Helicopters............................................................................................................................145 8.3.9.2 Wake Turbulence in the Cruise.............................................................................................146 8.3.10 CREW MEMBERS AT THEIR STATIONS..................................................................................................146 8.3.10.1 Flight Crew............................................................................................................................146 8.3.10.1.1 Controlled Rest on the Flight Deck (2 man crew).................................................................146 8.3.11 USE OF CREW / PASSENGER SAFETY BELTS / HARNESSES AND HEADSETS..........................................147 8.3.11.1 Crew......................................................................................................................................147 8.3.11.2 Use of Headsets – Flight Crew...............................................................................................147 8.3.11.3 Passengers.............................................................................................................................147 8.3.11.4 Illness, Birth and Death during Flight....................................................................................148 8.3.11.4.1 Illness.....................................................................................................................................148 8.3.11.4.2 Birth.......................................................................................................................................148 8.3.11.4.3 Death.....................................................................................................................................148 8.3.12 ADMISSION TO THE FLIGHT DECK.........................................................................................................149 8.3.12.1 Flight Deck Etiquette.............................................................................................................149 8.3.12.2 Authorised Persons...............................................................................................................149 8.3.12.2.1 Safety Requirements and Procedures for Authorised Persons.............................................152 8.3.13 USE OF VACANT FLIGHT DECK OBSERVER SEATS.................................................................................153 8.3.14 INCAPACITATION OF FLIGHT CREW MEMBERS....................................................................................153 8.3.14.1 Partial or Gradual Incapacitation...........................................................................................153 8.3.14.2 Sudden or Complete Incapacitation......................................................................................154 8.3.14.3 Detecting or Assuming Incapacitation...................................................................................154 8.3.14.4 Actions to be Taken in the Event of Incapacitation...............................................................154 8.3.14.5 Summary...............................................................................................................................155 8.3.15 CABIN SAFETY REQUIREMENTS............................................................................................................155 8.3.15.1 Cabin Preparation for Flight, Securing the Cabin In-Flight and Cabin Preparation for Landing................................................................................................................................................155 8.3.15.1.1 Before Flight..........................................................................................................................155 8.3.15.1.2 In-Flight.................................................................................................................................155 8.3.15.1.3 Before Landing......................................................................................................................156 8.3.15.2 Portable Electronic Devices (PEDs)........................................................................................156 8.3.15.2.1 Prohibited Electronic Devices...............................................................................................156 8.3.15.2.2 Restricted Electronic Devices................................................................................................156 8.3.15.2.3 Mobile Telephones (Cellular Telephones)............................................................................157 8.3.15.2.4 Electronic Devices without Operating Restrictions...............................................................157 8.3.15.2.5 Devices where a single case decision must be obtained from relevant engineering organization...............................................................................................................................................157 8.3.15.2.6 PED Interference Report.......................................................................................................157 Uncontrolled document if downloaded or printed Page: 8 Chapter: 8 Edition: 3 Operations Manual Part A Revision: 24 Operating Procedures Date: 19 Oct 2022 8.3.16 SAFETY BRIEFINGS................................................................................................................................157 8.3.16.1 Before Take-off......................................................................................................................158 8.3.16.2 After Take-off........................................................................................................................158 8.3.16.3 Before Landing......................................................................................................................158 8.3.16.4 After Landing.........................................................................................................................158 8.3.16.5 Emergency Briefings..............................................................................................................159 8.3.17 COSMIC RADIATION..............................................................................................................................159 8.3.17.1 Assessment of Exposure........................................................................................................159 8.3.17.2 Hours Exposure for Dose of 1 millisievert (1 mSv)................................................................159 8.3.18 USE OF AUTOPILOT AND AUTO THROTTLE...........................................................................................159 8.3.19 USE OF ELECTRONIC FLIGHT BAG (EFB)................................................................................................160 8.3.19.1 Hardware stock.....................................................................................................................160 8.3.19.2 Software Management Procedures......................................................................................160 8.3.19.3 Battery Status........................................................................................................................160 8.3.19.4 Jeppesen FliteDeck Pro X......................................................................................................160 8.3.19.5 Take-off / Landing Data calculation using EFRAS..................................................................160 8.3.19.6 Updates.................................................................................................................................160 8.3.19.7 Virus Protection and Security................................................................................................160 8.3.19.8 Standard Use.........................................................................................................................161 8.3.19.9 No working EFB / Databases validation failed......................................................................161 8.3.19.10 Centrik – Type B application for storage and sync of Operations and Aircraft Flight Manuals (Company’s documents library)........................................................................................................................161 8.3.20 STERILE FLIGHT DECK PROCEDURE.......................................................................................................162 8.3.21 TAXIING OF AIRCRAFT...........................................................................................................................163 8.3.21.1 Prevention of runway incursions..........................................................................................164 8.3.22 AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL CLEARANCES....................................................................................................165 8.3.23 CRM PRINCIPLES...................................................................................................................................166 8.4 ALL WEATHER OPERATIONS........................................................................................................ 164 8.4.1 TERMINOLOGY......................................................................................................................................164 8.4.2 NON-PRECISION AND CAT I OPERATIONS............................................................................................166 8.4.2.1 Operating Minima.................................................................................................................166 8.4.2.1.1 Non-Precision Approaches....................................................................................................166 8.4.2.1.2 CAT I Approaches..................................................................................................................166 8.4.2.2 Required Visual References..................................................................................................167 8.4.2.2.1 Non-Precision Approaches....................................................................................................167 8.4.2.2.2 CAT I Approaches..................................................................................................................167 8.4.2.3 Operating Minima Presentation...........................................................................................167 8.4.3 LOW VISIBILITY OPERATIONS (LVO)......................................................................................................167 8.4.3.1 Low Visibility Take-Off (LVTO)...............................................................................................167 8.4.3.1.1 Operating Minima.................................................................................................................167 8.4.3.1.2 Operating Minima Presentation...........................................................................................167 8.4.3.2 CAT II Operations..................................................................................................................167 8.4.3.2.1 Operating Minima.................................................................................................................167 8.4.3.2.2 Required Visual Reference....................................................................................................168 8.4.3.3 CAT III Operations.................................................................................................................168 8.4.3.3.1 Operating Minima.................................................................................................................168 8.4.3.3.2 Required Visual Reference....................................................................................................169 8.4.3.4 Aerodrome related requirements.........................................................................................169 Uncontrolled document if downloaded or printed Page: 9 Chapter: 8 Operations Manual Part A Edition: 3 Operating Procedures Revision: 37 Date: 08 Apr 2024 8.4.4 RUNWAY VISUAL RANGE REQUIREMENTS...........................................................................................170 8.4.4.1 Approach Ban Point..............................................................................................................................170 8.4.5 LOW VISIBILITY OPERATING PROCEDURES...........................................................................................170 8.4.5.1 Low Visibility Taxi (LVTO) Procedures...................................................................................170 8.4.5.2 LVO Approach Procedures.....................................................................................................170 8.4.5.2.1 Pre-Flight Planning................................................................................................................170 8.4.5.2.2 Approach Preparation...........................................................................................................171 8.4.5.2.3 Aircraft Operating Procedures..............................................................................................172 8.4.5.2.4 Acquisition of Visual References...........................................................................................172 8.4.5.2.5 Loss of Visual Reference........................................................................................................172 8.4.5.2.6 Failures and Associated Actions............................................................................................173 8.4.5.2.7 Autoland................................................................................................................................173 8.4.5.2.7.1 CAT II /III Operation continuous monitoring......................................................................................173 8.4.6 AIRCRAFT STABILIZATION ON FINAL APPROACH..................................................................................176 8.5 EXTENDED TWIN OPERATIONS (ETOPS)....................................................................................... 176 8.6 USE OF MINIMUM EQUIPMENT AND CONFIGURATION DEVIATION LISTS.................................... 176 8.6.1 UNSERVICEABILITIES.............................................................................................................................176 8.6.2 MINIMUM EQUIPMENT LIST (MEL)......................................................................................................176 8.6.3 CONFIGURATION DEVIATION LIST (CDL)..............................................................................................177 8.7 NON-REVENUE FLIGHTS.............................................................................................................. 177 8.7.1 TRAINING FLIGHTS................................................................................................................................177 8.7.2 MAINTENANCE CHECK FLIGHT (MCF)...................................................................................................177 8.7.3 DELIVERY FLIGHTS.................................................................................................................................178 8.7.4 FERRY FLIGHTS WITH RESTRICTED OR LIMITED CERTIFICATION..........................................................178 8.7.4.1 Three Engine Ferry Flights.....................................................................................................179 8.7.4.1.1 Crew Training for Three Engine ferry Flights.........................................................................179 8.7.4.2 Requirements........................................................................................................................179 8.7.4.3 Record Keeping and Reporting..............................................................................................180 8.7.5 POSITIONING FLIGHTS..........................................................................................................................180 8.8 OXYGEN REQUIREMENTS............................................................................................................ 180 8.8.1 FLIGHT CREW........................................................................................................................................180 8.8.2 CABIN CREW.........................................................................................................................................181 8.8.3 OTHER PERSONS ONBOARD (SUPERNUMERARY OXYGEN)..................................................................181 8.8.4 FIRST AID (THERAPEUTIC) OXYGEN......................................................................................................181 8.8.5 CREW PROTECTIVE BREATHING EQUIPMENT (PBE).............................................................................182 8.8.5.1 Flight Crew............................................................................................................................182 8.8.5.2 Cabin Crew............................................................................................................................182 8.9 TAKEOFF AND LANDINGS PROCEDURES...................................................................................... 182 8.9.1 CO-PILOTS’ TAKEOFF AND LANDINGS...................................................................................................182 APPENDIX A: AERODROME WEATHER REPORT (METAR AND SPECI) DECODE.......................................... 183 APPENDIX B: AERODROME FORECAST (TAFOR) DECODE......................................................................... 184 APPENDIX C: RUNWAY CONDITIONS REPORT......................................................................................... 185 APPENDIX D: OPERATIONAL FLIGHT PLAN (OFP) FORMAT AND DISCRIPTION......................................... 187 APPENDIX E: GROUND CREW / FLIGHT CREW COMMUNICATIONS – HAND SIGNALS............................... 189 APPENDIX F: HOLDOVER TABLES........................................................................................................... 191 TABLE 1: ACTIVE FROST HOLDOVER TIMES FOR SAE TYPE I, TYPE II, TYPE III AND TYPE IV FLUIDS.....................191 TABLE 2: HOLDOVER TIMES FOR SAE TYPE I FLUID ON CRITICAL AIRCRAFT SURFACES COMPOSED PREDOMINATLY OF ALUMINUM..........................................................................................................................192 Uncontrolled document if downloaded or printed Page: 10 Chapter: 8 Edition: 3 Operations Manual Part A Revision: 24 Operating Procedures Date: 19 Oct 2022 TABLE 3: HOLDOVER TIMES FOR SAE TYPE I FLUID ON CRITICAL AIRCRAFT SURFACES COMPOSED PREDOMINANTLY OF COMPOSITES......................................................................................................................192 TABLE 4: GENERIC HOLDOVER TIMES FOR SAE TYPE II FLUIDS............................................................................193 TABLE 5: TYPE II HOLDOVER TIMES FOR ABAX ECOWING AD-2...........................................................................193 TABLE 6: TYPE II HOLDOVER TIMES FOR AVIATION XI’AN HIGH-TECH CLEANWING II.........................................194 TABLE 7: TYPE II HOLDOVER TIMES FOR CLARIANT SAFEWING MP I...................................................................194 TABLE 8: TYPE II HOLDOVER TIMES FOR CLARIANT SAFEWING MP II FLIGHT PLUS............................................195 TABLE 9: TYPE II HOLDOVER TIMES FOR CRYOTECH POLAR GUARD® II...............................................................195 TABLE 10: TYPE II HOLDOVER TIMES FOR JSC RCP NORDIX DEFROST PG 2.........................................................196 TABLE 11: TYPE II HOLDOVER TIMES FOR KILFROST ABC-K PLUS.........................................................................196 TABLE 12: TYPE II HOLDOVER TIMES FOR KILFROST ICE CLEAR II........................................................................197 TABLE 13: TYPE II HOLDOVER TIMES FOR MKS DEVO COREICEPHOB TYPE II......................................................197 TABLE 14: TYPE II HOLDOVER TIMES FOR NEWAVE AEROCHEMICAL FCY-2.......................................................198 TABLE 15: TYPE II HOLDOVER TIMES FOR ROMCHIM ADD-PROTECT NG TYPE II.................................................198 TABLE 16: TYPE II HOLDOVER TIMES FOR ROMCHIM ADD-PROTECT TYPE II......................................................199 TABLE 17: TYPE III HOLDOVER TIMES FOR ALLCLEAR AEROCLEAR MAX APPLIED UNHEATED ON LOW SPEED AIRCRAFT..............................................................................................................................................................199 TABLE 18: TYPE III HOLDOVER TIMES FOR ALLCLEAR AEROCLEAR MAX APPLIED UNHEATED ON MIDDLE SPEED AIRCRAFT..............................................................................................................................................................200 TABLE 19: TYPE III HOLDOVER TIMES FOR ALLCLEAR AEROCLEAR MAX APPLIED UNHEATED ON HIGH SPEED AIRCRAFT..............................................................................................................................................................200 TABLE 20: GENERIC HOLDOVER TIMES FOR SAE TYPE IV FLUIDS........................................................................201 TABLE 21: TYPE IV HOLDOVER TIMES FOR ABAX ECOWING AD-49.....................................................................201 TABLE 23: TYPE IV HOLDOVER TIMES FOR ALLCLEAR CLEARWING ECO..............................................................202 TABLE 24: TYPE IV HOLDOVER TIMES FOR ALLCLEAR CLEARWING EG................................................................203 TABLE 25: TYPE IV HOLDOVER TIMES FOR ASGLOBAL 4FLITE EG.........................................................................203 TABLE 26: TYPE IV HOLDOVER TIMES FOR ASGLOBAL 4FLITE PG........................................................................204 TABLE 27: TYPE IV HOLDOVER TIMES FOR AVIAFLUID AVIAFLIGHT EG...............................................................204 TABLE 28: TYPE IV HOLDOVER TIMES FOR AVIAFLUID AVIAFLIGHT PG..............................................................205 TABLE 29: TYPE IV HOLDOVER TIMES FOR CHEMCO CHEMR EG IV.....................................................................205 TABLE 30: TYPE IV HOLDOVER TIMES FOR CHEMCO CHEMR NORDIK IV............................................................206 TABLE 31: TYPE IV HOLDOVER TIMES FOR CLARIANT MAX FLIGHT AVIA.............................................................206 TABLE 32: TYPE IV HOLDOVER TIMES FOR CLARIANT MAX FLIGHT SNEG...........................................................207 T TABLE 33: TYPE IV HOLDOVER TIMES FOR CLARIANT SAFEWING EG IV NORTH...............................................207 TABLE 34: TYPE IV HOLDOVER TIMES FOR CLARIANT SAFEWING EG IV NORTH.................................................208 TABLE 35: TYPE IV HOLDOVER TIMES FOR CLARIANT SAFEWING MP IV LAUNCH PLUS......................................208 TABLE 36: TYPE IV HOLDOVER TIMES FOR CRYOTECH POLAR GUARD® ADVANCE.............................................209 TABLE 37: TYPE IV HOLDOVER TIMES FOR CRYOTECH POLAR GUARD® XTEND...................................................209 TABLE 38: TYPE IV HOLDOVER TIMES FOR DOW CHEMICAL UCAR ENDURANCE™ EG106.................................210 TABLE 39: TYPE IV HOLDOVER TIMES FOR DOW CHEMICAL UCAR™ FLIGHTGUARD™ AD-49.............................210 TABLE 40: TYPE IV HOLDOVER TIMES FOR INLAND TECHNOLOGIES ECO-SHIELD...............................................211 TABLE 41: TYPE IV HOLDOVER TIMES FOR JSC RCP NORDIX DEFROST ECO 4......................................................211 TABLE 42: TYPE IV HOLDOVER TIMES FOR JSC RCP NORDIX DEFROST NORTH 4................................................212 TABLE 43: TYPE IV HOLDOVER TIMES FOR KILFROST ABC-S PLUS........................................................................212 TABLE 44: TYPE IV HOLDOVER TIMES FOR NEWAVE AEROCHEMICAL FCY 9311................................................213 TABLE 45: TYPE IV HOLDOVER TIMES FOR NEWAVE AEROCHEMICAL FCY-EGIV.................................................213 TABLE 46: HOLDOVER TIMES FOR MIXED SNOW AND FREEZING FOG FOR SAE TYPE I, TYPE II, TYPE III, AND TYPE IV FLUIDS..............................................................................................................................................................214 Uncontrolled document if downloaded or printed Page: 10-1 Chapter: 8 Operations Manual Part A Edition: 3 Operating Procedures Revision: 33 Date: 09 Oct 2023 TABLE 47: ALLOWANCE TIMES FOR SAE TYPE III FLUIDS......................................................................................214 TABLE 48: ALLOWANCE TIMES FOR SAE TYPE IV ETHYLENE GLYCOL (EG) FLUIDS..............................................215 APPENDIX G: WEIGHT AND BALANCE SHEET FORM.................................................................................... 1 APPENDIX H: TAKE-OFF AND LANDING CARDS....................................................................................... 219 Uncontrolled document if downloaded or printed Page: 10-2 Chapter: 8 Edition: 3 Operations Manual Part A Revision: 24 Operating Procedures Date: 19 Oct 2022 Intentionally Left Blank Uncontrolled document if downloaded or printed Page: 11 Chapter: 8 Operations Manual Part A Edition: 3 Operating Procedures Revision: 0 Date: 29 May 2019 8.0 INTRODUCTION All AEROTRANSCARGO aircraft are to be operated in compliance with the terms of their respective Certificates of Airworthiness, within the approved limitations contained within their Aircraft Flight Manuals and, when for the purposes of commercial air transportation, in accordance with the relevant regulations and the conditions of AEROTRANSCARGO’s Air Operator Certificate. It is the Commander’s responsibility to ensure that the aircraft under his command is operated according to the laws of the Republic of Moldova and within the legal requirements of other States where these apply. Where AEROTRANSCARGO’s operating policies are more restrictive than legal requirements, AEROTRANSCARGO’s operating policies will apply. This Section contains details of AEROTRANSCARGO’s general operating policies that apply to all its operations. The implementation of these policies and the associated standard operating procedures for a particular fleet is described in the relevant Operations Manual Part B for the type, and information may be further expanded in other Parts of the Operations Manual and general AEROTRANSCARGO documentation. Where, for technical reasons, a fleet is unable to comply with a specific policy described within this Section, or the policy has had to be modified, the operating procedure described in the Operations Manual Part B for the relevant type will apply. 8.1 FLIGHT PREPARATION INSTRUCTIONS CAT.OP.MPA.175; AMC1 CAT.OP.MPA.175(a);GM1vCAT.OP.MPA.175(b)(5); An Operational Flight Plan (OFP) must be completed for each intended flight except as described in paragraph 8.1.10. The Commander shall not commence a flight unless he is satisfied that: a) The aircraft is airworthy; b) The aircraft configuration is in accordance with the CDL; c) The instruments and equipment required for the flight are available; d) The instruments and equipment are in operable condition except as provided in the MEL; e) Those parts of the Operations Manual which are required for the conduct of the flight are available; f) The documents, additional information and forms required to be available by paragraph 8.1.12 are on board; g) Current maps, charts and associated documents or equivalent data are available to cover the intended operation of the aircraft including any diversion which may reasonably be expected (this includes conversion tables where necessary to support operations where metric heights, altitudes and flight levels are to be used); h) Ground facilities and services required for the planned flight are available and adequate; i) The provisions specified in the Operations Manual in respect of fuel, oil and oxygen requirements, minimum safe altitudes, aerodrome operating minima and availability of alternate aerodromes, where required, can be complied with for the planned flight; j) The load is properly distributed and safely secured; Uncontrolled document if downloaded or printed Page: 12 Chapter: 8 Edition: 3 Operations Manual Part A Revision: 2 Operating Procedures Date: 03 Mar 2020 k) The mass of the aircraft, at the commencement of the take-off roll, will be such that the flight can be conducted in compliance with paragraph 8.1.1.7 and the Operations Manual Part B; l) Any operational limitation in addition to those covered by sub-paragraphs (j) and (k) above can be complied with. 8.1.1 MINIMUM FLIGHT ALTITUDES CAT.OP.MPA.145(a) CAT.OP.MPA 145, AMC1 CAT.OP.MPA.145(a) GM1 CAT.OP.MPA.145(a) AMC1 CAT.OP.MPA 175(a) GM1 CAT.OP.MPA.175(b)(5) CAT.OP.MPA.270 8.1.1.1 General All AEROTRANSCARGO flight are to be flown under Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) and the minimum altitude / flight level at which it is permitted to fly is governed by the need to maintain a mandatory safe height margin above any significant terrain or obstacle and by national regulations and air traffic control requirements. Whichever of these requirements produces the highest altitude / flight level for a particular portion of the route will determine the minimum flight altitude for that portion of the route. The methods and procedures described in the following paragraphs are to be followed when determining the minimum altitude for the safe avoidance of en-route terrain and obstacles. 8.1.1.2 Minimum Obstacle Clearance Altitude (MOCA) When calculating the minimum altitude for the safe avoidance of terrain and obstacles, basic criteria apply in determining the minimum clearance that must be maintained. The minimum clearance depends on the elevation of the terrain or obstacle, and the MOCA is derived by adding a safe margin to this elevation. Other than when taking off or landing, MOCA is the sum of the maximum relevant terrain or obstacle elevation, whichever is highest and: a) 1,000 ft for elevations up to and including 6,000 ft; or b) 2,000 ft for elevations exceeding 6,000 ft, rounded up to the next 100 ft. The absolute lowest MOCA to be used is 2,000 ft. MOCA thus depends on the relevance of the obstacle or terrain and this is determined by the phase of flight and the availability of navigation aids etc. Navigation chart providers have different means of determining which is a relevant obstacle or terrain, and they use different terminology for the resulting published minimum obstacle clearance altitude. 8.1.1.3 Minimum En-Route Altitude The minimum altitude to be flown when following a pre-determined route defined by navigational fixes is the lowest published altitude between the navigational fixes that meets the minimum obstacle clearance requirements described in paragraph 8.1.1.2 and additionally assures acceptable navigational signal coverage between those fixes. It may also represent the minimum altitude established for other purposes by the State concerned. Typically, the en-route minimum altitudes published on navigation charts are computed on the basis of an area extending 10 nm to either side of the route centerline and including a 10 nm radius beyond the radio fix/reporting point or mileage break defining the route segment. Uncontrolled document if downloaded or printed Page: 13 Chapter: 8 Operations Manual Part A Edition: 3 Operating Procedures Revision: 0 Date: 29 May 2019 8.1.1.4 Minimum Off-Route Altitude The minimum altitude to be flown when not following a pre-determined route defined by navigational fixes is the lowest published altitude for the area within which the aircraft is flying that meets the clearance requirements described in paragraph 8.1.1.2. Typically, navigation charts show minimum altitudes for a grid formed by lines of latitude and longitude. 8.1.1.5 Minimum Altitude in Terminal Areas The minimum altitude shown on a terminal chart may be computed for a sector or quadrant based on the aerodrome or a navigation facility and it typically provides a clearance over relevant terrain and obstacles of a minimum of 1,000 ft within a radius of 25 nm from the aerodrome or the navigation facility identified. 8.1.1.6 Minimum Radar Vectoring Altitude (MRVA) The minimum obstacle clearance provided when under the control of an approved radar unit is 1000 ft within a minimum band width of ± 5 nm. Conflict may occur, therefore, between clearances based on MRVA criteria and those based on the wider criteria described in paragraph 8.1.1.5. Operations at the MRVA are only permitted when the aircraft is advised as being “under radar control”. CAUTION: The term “radar contact” indicates that the aircraft has been seen and identified on the radar display, but it may not mean that it is “under radar control”. If there is any doubt about the type of air traffic control service being provided, clarification should be sought from the ATS Unit concerned. 8.1.1.7 Operational Flight Plan (OFP) Minimum Altitude The minimum altitude shown on the Operational Flight Plan may be calculated on a different relevant terrain and obstacle basis to the navigational chart. The band width for calculating the en-route minimum altitude is typically extended to 20 nm to either side of route centerline and includes a 20 nm radius beyond the radio fix / reporting point or mileage break defining the route segment. It may be thus more conservative than the minimum altitude shown on the navigation chart MORA. CAUTION: Between the aerodrome and the first fix after take-off, and between the last fix and the aerodrome on landing, the OFP MORA relates to the direct track between the points and does not consider the SID or STAR routing. 8.1.1.8 Obstacle Clearance Performance Requirements For performance purposes, multi-engine aircraft are grouped into the following classes: a) Class A - Class A includes all multi-engine turbojet powered aircraft, and multi-engine turbo propeller powered aircraft with a maximum approved passenger seating configuration, of more than nine, or a maximum take-off mass exceeding 5,700 kgs. Uncontrolled document if downloaded or printed Page: 14 Chapter: 8 Edition: 3 Operations Manual Part A Revision: 0 Operating Procedures Date: 29 May 2019 Note: Multi-engine aircraft powered by turbo-propeller engines with a maximum approved passenger seating configuration of more than nine with a maximum take-off mass of 5,700 kgs or less may be permitted by the Authority to operate under alternative operating limitations to those of Performance Class A which shall not be less restrictive than the relevant requirements for Class B aircraft. b) Class B - Class B covers propeller-driven aircraft with a maximum approved passenger seating configuration of nine or less, and a maximum take-off mass of 5,700 kgs or less. c) Class C - Class C comprises aircraft powered by reciprocating engines with a maximum approved passenger seating configuration of more than nine, or a maximum take-off mass exceeding 5,700 kgs. Note: All AEROTRANSCARGO aircraft are classified as Class A. The requirements that follow therefore relate to Class A aircraft only and information relating to other Classes of aircraft is omitted. In addition to meeting the minimum flight altitude requirements described in paragraph 8.1.1 et seq, aircraft operated to performance Class A standards must be capable of meeting the following performance requirements. 8.1.1.8.1 One Engine Inoperative En-Route Net Flight Path CAT.POL.A.215 In the event of loss of one engine at the most critical point along the route, and in the meteorological conditions expected for the flight: a) The gradient of the net flight path must be positive at least 1,000 ft above all terrain and obstructions along the route within 5 nm (9.3 km) on either side of the intended track; or: b) The net flight path must permit the aircraft to continue flight from the cruising altitude, clearing vertically by at least 2,000 ft all terrain and obstacles along the route within 5 nm (9.3 km) on either side of the intended track, to an aerodrome where a landing can be made. The net flight path must have a positive gradient at 1,500 ft above the aerodrome where the landing is assumed to be made after engine failure and the effect of the operation of ice protection systems on the net flight path must be taken into account if, and when, relevant. Note: Fuel jettisoning (if applicable) is permitted to an extent consistent with reaching the aerodrome with the required fuel reserves, if a safe procedure is used. 8.1.1.8.2 Two Engines Inoperative En-Route Net Flight Path (Aircraft with 3 or More Engines) CAT.POL.A.220 No aircraft having three or more engines may be more than 90 minutes, at the all-engines long- range cruising speed at standard temperature in still air, away from an aerodrome at which the performance requirements applicable at the expected landing mass are met unless it complies with the following: a) The two engines inoperative en-route net flight path data must permit the aircraft to continue the flight, in the expected meteorological conditions, from the point where two Uncontrolled document if downloaded or printed Page: 15 Chapter: 8 Operations Manual Part A Edition: 3 Operating Procedures Revision: 0 Date: 29 May 2019 engines are assumed to fail simultaneously, to an aerodrome at which it is possible to land and come to a complete stop when using the prescribed procedure for a landing with two engines inoperative; b) The net flight path must clear vertically, by at least 2,000 ft, all terrain and obstructions along the route within 9.3 km (5 nm) on either side of the intended track; Note: If the navigational accuracy does not meet the 95% containment level, the width margin given above must be increased to 18.5 km (10 nm). c) At altitudes and in meteorological conditions requiring ice protection systems to be operable, the effect of their use on the net flight path data must be taken into account; d) The net flight path must have a positive gradient at 1,500 ft above the aerodrome where the landing is assumed to be made after the failure of two engines; e) The expected mass of the aircraft at the point where the two engines are assumed to fail must not be less than that which would include sufficient fuel to proceed to an aerodrome where the landing is assumed to be made, and to arrive there at least 1,500 ft directly over the landing area and thereafter to fly level for 15 minutes. Note: Fuel jettisoning is permitted to an extent consistent with reaching the aerodrome with the required fuel reserves, if a safe procedure is used. f) The net flight path must have a positive gradient at 1,500 ft (450m) above the aerodrome where the landing is assumed to be made after two engines failure; and g) From the cruising altitude to the aerodrome where landing can be made in the expected weather conditions, the net flight path must clear vertically by at least 2,000 ft (600m) all terrain and obstructions along the route within 5 nm (9.3 km) on either side of the intended track; and h) The quantity of fuel remaining on board must be sufficient to fly level for 15 minutes at 1,500 ft (450m) over the landing area. Note: Fuel jettisoning (if applicable) is permitted to an extent consistent with reaching the aerodrome with the required fuel reserves. 8.1.1.9 Minimum Altitude / Flight Level to be Flown CAT.OP.MPA.270 The method for the determination of minimum altitudes / flight levels by the Jeppesen charting system used by AEROTRANSCARGO is described in the Operations Manual Part C. 8.1.1.9.1 Normal Operations When taking off or landing, the minimum altitude to be flown is that shown for the leg of the procedure being flown, or the sector/segment safe altitude when not following the procedure, as depicted on the relevant terminal chart. When under positive radar control, the minimum altitude to be flown is that cleared by the radar controller (see paragraph 8.1.1.6). Other than when taking off or landing, or descending in accordance with the procedures approved by the competent authority, the IFR flight level or altitude flown should be not less than the published minimum on-route or off-route altitude indicated on the applicable navigation chart. Uncontrolled document if downloaded or printed Page: 16 Chapter: 8 Edition: 3 Operations Manual Part A Revision: 2 Operating Procedures Date: 03 Mar 2020 8.1.1.9.2 Non-Normal Operations Diversion strategies for critical cases such as engine(s) failure and/or depressurization have been established taking into account the topography along a route where the local terrain may require a complex navigation manoeuvre to maintain a safe altitude whilst proceeding to an en-route alternate. In such a case, the minimum safe altitude and appropriate route may not be readily determined from the navigation chart. In each strategy, the altitudes presented provide a minimum buffer of 2,000 ft above any terrain, or an altitude that meets the requirement for passenger supplemental oxygen (see paragraph 8.8.3). Further information regarding drift down techniques is available in the Operations Manual Part B for the relevant aircraft type. 8.1.1.10 Adjustments to Minimum Obstacle Clearance Altitudes 8.1.1.10.1 Allowance for Wind Speed When the selected cruising altitude or flight level or engine(s)-inoperative stabilizing altitude is at or close to the indicated minimum obstacle clearance altitude and the flight is within 20 NM of terrain having a maximum elevation exceeding 2000 ft, the previously calculated MOCA must be increased for the effect of wind as follows: Add 500 ft. per 10 kt. Above 30 kt. (Maximum correction 2000ft). CAUTION: Where marked mountain waves exist or are likely to exist, the maintenance of the minimum obstacle clearance altitude may be difficult. In such circumstance’s consideration must be given to further incrementing the minimum obstacle clearance altitude. 8.1.1.10.2 Temperature Corrections When the ambient temperature on the surface is much colder than that predicted by the standard atmosphere, increments must be applied to the minimum flight altitude. 8.1.1.10.2.1 En-Route Temperature Correction When the ambient temperature is lower than International Standard Atmosphere (ISA) -15°C, the MOCA must be increased as follows. SURFACE TEMPERATURE CORRECTION TO MOCA ISA -16ºC to ISA -30ºC + 10% ISA -31ºC to ISA -50ºC + 20% CAUTION: If an assigned altitude does not meet adjusted MOCA criteria, pilots must request a new altitude. IFR assigned altitudes accepted and read back by a pilot must NOT be adjusted to compensate for cold temperatures i.e. if a pilot accepts “maintain 8,000 ft”, an altitude correction must not be applied to 8,000 ft. Uncontrolled document if downloaded or printed Page: 17 Chapter: 8 Operations Manual Part A Edition: 3 Operating Procedures Revision: 2 Date: 03 Mar 2020 8.1.1.10.2.2 Altitude Correction CAUTION: (1) When altitude corrections are applied to a published Procedure Turn, FAF crossing altitude or Missed Approach altitude, pilots shall advise ATC (Air Traffic Control) how much correction is to be applied. (2) In a number of regions, RADAR vectored altitudes are temperature compensated by ATC (Air Traffic Control) (see Jeppesen, other regional information, or confirm with ATC (Air Traffic Control). In such cases, additional corrections are NOT required. (3) In mountainous regions during any cold temperature operations, corrections to all published approach procedure altitudes and engine-out minimum acceleration altitude/height must be carefully considered. Note: (1) Temperature values from the reporting station nearest the position of the aircraft should be used. This is normally the aerodrome. (2)Approach altitude corrections are NOT applicable to published RNAV approaches with OAT at or warmer than the published minimum temperature. Uncontrolled document if downloaded or printed Page: 18 Chapter: 8 Edition: 3 Operations Manual Part A Revision: 9 Operating Procedures Date: 05 Mar 2021 8.1.1.10.2.3 Warm Temperature Corrections It is not necessary to correct minimum flight altitudes for temperatures significantly warmer than standard as an altimeter will under-read in warm temperatures and loss of terrain clearance is not a factor. However, the error may need to be accounted for in order that a valid altitude check can be performed during final approach. The following information is therefore provided as a guide to approach check altitudes (i.e. glideslope check altitude) when required. TEMPERATURE EQUIVALENT SEA LEVEL ALTIMETER UNDER- BDEVIATION (°C) TEMPERATURE READS BY APPROXIMATELY ISA + 15° 30° C 10% ISA + 30° 45° C 20% CAUTION: Do not amend the approach procedure or FMC database altitudes for WARM temperatures. 8.1.2 CRITERIA FOR DETERMINING THE USABILITY OF AERODROMES CAT.OP.MPA.105(a), 106, 107 & 180 The Flight Operations Manager is responsible for ensuring that all aerodromes which are selected as AEROTRANSCARGO destinations or alternates are adequate and suitable in all respects for the types of aircraft which are intended to use them. In this context, “adequate” implies that the runway dimensions and significant obstacles in the local area are such that the performance requirements for the nominated aircraft type will invariably be met at the weights at which the aircraft is planned to land and take off, and in the conditions (including contaminated runways) which may be expected to exist at the time of operation. For aircraft performances calculations – refer to OM part B , ch.4 “Performances”. Ancillary services, including ATS, appropriate aerodrome lighting, communications, navigation aids, weather reporting and emergency services as appropriate to the maximum total mass authorized and/or maximum passenger seating configuration of the particular aircraft type are to be available. The normal minimum level of Rescue and Fire Fighting should correspond to the following categories: Aircraft type

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