Objective General Studies PDF

History of India Indian National Movement World Geography Indian Polity and Governance Economic and Social Development Environment and Ecology General Science General Awareness State General Awareness Based on N...

History of India Indian National Movement World Geography Indian Polity and Governance Economic and Social Development Environment and Ecology General Science General Awareness State General Awareness Based on NCERT (i) Students Wired Join Here Written by : O.P. Varma Edited by : Arti Varma (ii)  Published by : Marksman Prakashan, Patna Marketed by : Marksman Academic Publication Pvt. Ltd. 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Banke Bihari Lal) www.marksmanpublication.com [email protected] Marketed by : Marksman Academic Publication Pvt. Ltd. Corporate Office : 700/881, Joshi Road, Karol Bagh, New Delhi-110005 Ph 011-45576751 Editiorial Office : Boring Road, Patna © Author O. P. Varma Edition : First Edition 2019 Second Edition 2020 Code : 1010/20 Price : ` 555 Printer : Marksman Academic Publication Pvt. Ltd. (Press Unit) Disclaimer No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or distributed in any form or by ? any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise without the prior written permission of the author and publisher. Author and editorial board have acquired the information contained in this book from the sources believed ? to be reliable. However, author and editorial board do not take any responsibility for the absolute accuracy of the information published and the demages suffered due to the use of this information. All disputes are subject to Delhi jurisdication only. ? (vi)  Preface General Studies, also known as General Awareness or General Knowledge, constitutes a major part of almost all competitive examinations. Therefore, it is important to master general studies to crack the competitive examinations and helps you to get the career of your dreams. This book has been compiled to cover this section with the previous year questions of UPSC civil services and State PCS Examinations. The book ‘‘OBJECTIVE GENERAL STUDIES’’ comprises objective questions sectionwise and chapterwise. Features of ‘OBJECTIVE GENERAL STUDIES’ BOOK : This book is divided into 10 sections which are 1. History of India I. Ancient History II. Medieval History III. Modern History 2. Indian National Movement 3. World Geography 4. Indian Geography 5. Indian Polity and Governance 6. Economic and Social Development 7. Environment and Ecology 8. General Science I. Physics II. Computer and Information Technology III. Chemistry IV. Biology 9. General Awareness 10. State General Awareness Collection of 500 General Studies question papers. This book clearly explains the trend of objective questions in each chapter. This compilation provides the most probable questions of upcoming examinations. Hopefully, this book will become a medium of success for the candidates appearing in various competitive examinations. Suggestions for improvement are welcome. With best wishes for success. — Author (vii)  Contents Section 1. History of India... 1-91 I. Ancient History... 1-46 Chapter 1. Stone Age... 1 Chapter 2. Indus Valley Civilization and Culture... 2 Chapter 3. Vedic Age... 6 Chapter 4. Buddhism... 10 Chapter 5. Jain Religion... 15 Chapter 6. Shaiva, Bhagavata Religion... 17 Chapter 7. 6th Century B.C. : Political Condition... 18 Chapter 8. Greek Invasion... 21 Chapter 9. Maurya Dynasty... 21 Chapter 10. Post-Mauryan Period... 26 Chapter 11. Gupta and Post-Gupta Period... 29 Chapter 12. Architecture in Ancient India... 34 Chapter 13. South India (Chola, Chalukya, Pallava and Sangam Period)... 38 Chapter 14. Ancient Literature and Litterateur... 41 Chapter 15. Pre-Medieval Period... 44 II. Medieval History... 46-80 Chapter 16. Muslim Invasion of India... 46 Chapter 17. Delhi Sultanate : Slave Dynasty... 48 Chapter 18. Khalji Dynasty... 49 Chapter 19. Tughluq Dynasty... 50 Chapter 20. Lodi Dynasty... 52 Chapter 21. Vijayanagara Empire... 53 Chapter 22. Delhi Sultanate : Administration... 54 Chapter 23. Delhi Sultanate : Art and Architecture... 55 Chapter 24. Delhi Sultanate : Literature... 56 Chapter 25. Delhi Sultanate : Miscellaneous... 57 Chapter 26. Provincial Dynasty of North India and Deccan Province... 58 Chapter 27. Bhakti and Sufi Movement... 60 Chapter 28. Mughal Dynasty : Babur... 63 Chapter 29. Humayun and Sher Shah... 65 Chapter 30. Akbar... 65 Chapter 31. Jahangir... 69 (viii)  Chapter 32. Shah Jahan... 70 Chapter 33. Aurangzeb... 71 Chapter 34. Mughal Administration... 72 Chapter 35. Mughal Music and Paintings... 73 Chapter 36. Mughal Literature... 74 Chapter 37. Mughal Period : Miscellaneous... 75 Chapter 38. Sikh Sect... 77 Chapter 39. Maratha State and Confederacy... 78 Chapter 40. Disintegration of the Mughal Empire... 79 III. Modern History... 80-91 Chapter 41. Arrival of European Companies... 80 Chapter 42. East India Company and Nawab of Bengal... 83 Chapter 43. Regional States : Punjab and Mysore... 84 Chapter 44. Governor, Governor General and Viceroy... 85 Chapter 45. Impact of British Rule on Indian Economy... 90 Section 2. Indian National Movement... 92-158 Chapter 1. Revolution of 1857... 92 Chapter 2. Other Movements... 95 Chapter 3. Educational Development in Modern India... 97 Chapter 4. Development of Press in Modern India... 99 Chapter 5. Social and Religious Movement... 102 Chapter 6. Political Institution Established before Congress... 107 Chapter 7. Indian National Congress... 108 Chapter 8. Moderate Groups and Extremist Groups in Congress... 111 Chapter 9. Revolutionary Movement in India... 112 Chapter 10. Revolutionary Activities Outside India... 116 Chapter 11. Partition of Bengal (1905) and the Indigenous Movement... 117 Chapter 12. Congress : Banaras, Calcutta and Surat Session... 119 Chapter 13. Formation of Muslim League (1906)... 120 Chapter 14. Morley-Minto Reforms... 121 Chapter 15. Delhi Durbar and Change of Capital... 121 Chapter 16. Lucknow Session of Congress (The Lucknow Pact)... 121 Chapter 17. Home Rule League Movement... 122 Chapter 18. Gandhi and His Early Movements... 122 Chapter 19. Peasant Movement and Kisan Sabha... 127 Chapter 20. Trade Union and Communist Party... 128 Chapter 21. Rowlatt Act and Jallianwala Bagh Massacre (1919)... 129 Chapter 22. Khilafat Movement... 130 Chapter 23. Non–Co-operation Movement... 131 (ix) Chapter 24. Formation of Swaraj Party (1923)... 133 Chapter 25. Simon Commission (1927)... 134 Chapter 26. Lahore Session of Congress, Proposal of Complete Independence (1929)... 136 Chapter 27. Civil Disobedience Movement... 137 Chapter 28. Gandhi-Irwin Pact... 138 Chapter 29. Karachi Session of Congress (1931)... 139 Chapter 30. Round Table Conference... 139 Chapter 31. Communal Arbitration and Poona Pact... 140 Chapter 32. Congress Socialist Party (1934)... 141 Chapter 33. Provincial Election and Formation of Cabinet (1937)... 142 Chapter 34. Tripuri Crisis of Congress (1939)... 143 Chapter 35. Indian Princely States... 144 Chapter 36. Second World War... 144 Chapter 37. Demand for Pakistan... 145 Chapter 38. Individual Satyagraha (1940)... 146 Chapter 39. Cripps Mission (1942)... 146 Chapter 40. Quit India Movement... 147 Chapter 41. Subhash Chandra Bose and Azad Hind Fauj... 150 Chapter 42. Cabinet Mission Plan (1946)... 151 Chapter 43. Constituent Assembly (1946)... 152 Chapter 44. Formation of Interim Government (1946)... 152 Chapter 45. Partition of India and Independence... 153 Chapter 46. Constitution Development of India... 156 Section 3. World Geography... 159-220 Chapter 1. Universe... 159 Chapter 2. Earth... 166 Chapter 3. Rocks... 169 Chapter 4. Volcano... 169 Chapter 5. Earthquake... 171 Chapter 6. Continents... 171 Chapter 7. World Mountain Ranges... 172 Chapter 8. Plateaus... 174 Chapter 9. Valleys... 174 Chapter 10. Deserts... 174 Chapter 11. Grass Fields... 175 Chapter 12. World’s Countries and their Borders... 176 Chapter 13. Dependent Territory... 178 Chapter 14. Land-Locked Countries... 178 (x) Chapter 15. Old Names of Countries... 179 Chapter 16. International Border Lines... 179 Chapter 17. The Capitals of Countries... 179 Chapter 18. World Towns... 181 Chapter 19. Geographical Nickname... 183 Chapter 20. Hydrosphere... 184 Chapter 21. Major Oceans of the World... 185 Chapter 22. Oceanic Currents... 185 Chapter 23. Salinity... 186 Chapter 24. High Tide and Low Tide... 187 Chapter 25. Oceanic Trench... 187 Chapter 26. Rivers of the World... 188 Chapter 27. Towns and Cities along the Bank of Rivers... 189 Chapter 28. Landforms by River... 190 Chapter 29. Islands... 191 Chapter 30. Lakes and Waterfalls... 192 Chapter 31. Straits... 193 Chapter 32. Canals... 194 Chapter 33. Dams... 194 Chapter 34. Coral Reefs... 195 Chapter 35. Atmosphere... 195 Chapter 36. Insolation... 196 Chapter 37. Cyclone... 197 Chapter 38. Humidity... 198 Chapter 39. Air Pressure... 198 Chapter 40. Cloud... 198 Chapter 41. Winds... 199 Chapter 42. Local Winds... 200 Chapter 43. Forests... 200 Chapter 44. Climate... 201 Chapter 45. Soil... 204 Chapter 46. Races and Tribes... 205 Chapter 47. Languages... 206 Chapter 48. Agriculture... 207 Chapter 49. Minerals... 211 Chapter 50. City and Industries... 214 Chapter 51. Transport... 216 Chapter 52. Ports and Harbours... 217 Chapter 53. Mapping... 218 Chapter 54. Miscellaneous... 218 (xi) Section 4. Indian Geography... 221-307 Chapter 1. Area... 221 Chapter 2. Latitudinal Expansion... 221 Chapter 3. Tropic of Cancer... 222 Chapter 4. Standard Time... 222 Chapter 5. Extreme Points... 223 Chapter 6. Bordering Countries... 223 Chapter 7. Natural Region of India... 224 Chapter 8. Northern Mountaneous Region... 225 Chapter 9. Mountain Ranges and Hills of South and Central India... 227 Chapter 10. Mountain Peaks... 228 Chapter 11. Valleys... 229 Chapter 12. Passes... 229 Chapter 13. Snow Lines and Glaciers... 230 Chapter 14. Plateaus... 231 Chapter 15. Coastal Regions... 231 Chapter 16. Islands... 233 Chapter 17. States... 234 Chapter 18. Union Territories... 236 Chapter 19. Species and Tribes... 237 Chapter 20. Languages... 240 Chapter 21. Ganges Drainage System... 240 Chapter 22. Brahmaputra Drainage System... 242 Chapter 23. South Indian Rivers... 242 Chapter 24. Other Rivers... 244 Chapter 25. Cities Located on the Bank of Rivers... 247 Chapter 26. Waterfalls and Lakes... 247 Chapter 27. Monsoon... 249 Chapter 28. Rainfall... 250 Chapter 29. Winter Rainfall... 252 Chapter 30. Natural Disasters... 252 Chapter 31. Soil... 254 Chapter 32. Natural Vegetation... 256 Chapter 33. Irrigation and Canals... 258 Chapter 34. Multi-Purpose River Valley Projects... 260 Chapter 35. Agriculture... 264 Chapter 36. Green Revolution... 266 Chapter 37. Food Grain Crops... 268 (xii) Chapter 38. Cash Crops... 270 Chapter 39. Oilseeds... 272 Chapter 40. Pulses... 273 Chapter 41. Silk... 273 Chapter 42. Plantation Crops... 274 Chapter 43. Miscellaneous Crops... 275 Chapter 44. Animal Husbandary... 280 Chapter 45. Mineral Resources... 281 Chapter 46. Energy... 290 Chapter 47. Industry... 293 Chapter 48. Research Centres... 298 Chapter 49. Transport... 300 Chapter 50. Tourist Place... 306 Chapter 51. Miscellaneous... 307 Section 5. Indian Polity and Governance... 308-416 Chapter 1. The Constitutional Development of India... 308 Chapter 2. Foreign Impact on the Constitution... 313 Chapter 3. Articles and Schedules in the Constitution of India... 314 Chapter 4. The Preamble... 319 Chapter 5. The Governance System... 321 Chapter 6. The National Emblem... 324 Chapter 7. States and the Union Territories... 325 Chapter 8. The Citizenship... 327 Chapter 9. Fundamental Rights... 328 Chapter 10. Directive Principles of State Policy... 334 Chapter 11. Fundamental Duties... 337 Chapter 12. The President... 338 Chapter 13. The Vice-President... 344 Chapter 14. The Council of Ministers... 345 Chapter 15. The Attorney General and C.A.G.... 349 Chapter 16. Preference Hierarchy... 351 Chapter 17. Lok Sabha... 352 Chapter 18. Rajya Sabha... 356 Chapter 19. The Parliament... 358 Chapter 20. The Supreme Court... 369 Chapter 21. The Governor... 373 Chapter 22. The State Legislature... 375 Chapter 23. The High Court... 378 Chapter 24. The Centre-State Relation... 381 (xiii) Chapter 25. Emergency Provisions... 383 Chapter 26. The Finance Commission... 384 Chapter 27. The Planning Commission... 386 Chapter 28. Lokpal and Important Commissions... 387 Chapter 29. Temporary Special Provisions... 390 Chapter 30. Election Commission... 390 Chapter 31. Political Parties... 394 Chapter 32. Constitutional Amendment... 396 Chapter 33. Official Language... 400 Chapter 34. Panchayati Raj and Community Development... 401 Chapter 35. Special Provision for Certain Class... 409 Chapter 36. Miscellaneous... 411 Section 6. Economic and Social Development 417-460 Chapter 1. Economics : An Introduction... 417 Chapter 2. National Income and its Measurement... 418 Chapter 3. Economic Planning of India... 419 Chapter 4. Main Sectors of Indian Economy... 422 Chapter 5. Inflation and Price Index... 426 Chapter 6. Budget... 428 Chapter 7. Fiscal Policy... 430 Chapter 8. Public Finance (Tax)... 431 Chapter 9. Finance Commission... 433 Chapter 10. Stock Exchange... 434 Chapter 11. Security Market and Insurance... 435 Chapter 12. Money and Banking... 436 Chapter 13. Liberalisation, Privatisation and Globalisation... 443 Chapter 14. Foreign Exchange Market... 444 Chapter 15. Balance of Payment... 445 Chapter 16. Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)... 446 Chapter 17. World Bank, WTO, BRICS... 447 Chapter 18. Other Institutions... 448 Chapter 19. Human Development... 450 Chapter 20. Poverty and Population... 451 Chapter 21. Employment and Public Welfare Schemes... 453 Chapter 22. Miscellaneous... 458 Section 7. Environment and Ecology... 461-502 Chapter 1. Environment and Sustainable Development... 461 Chapter 2. Ecology... 464 (xiv) Chapter 3. Biodiversity... 467 Chapter 4. Greenhouse Effect and Climate Change... 473 Chapter 5. Ozone Layer... 478 Chapter 6. Forest and Forest Wildlife... 479 Chapter 7. Sanctuaries and Biosphere Reserves... 484 Chapter 8. Non-Conventional Energy... 491 Chapter 9. Pollutions... 493 Chapter 10. Water Conservation... 498 Chapter 11. Miscellaneous... 499 Section 8. General Science... 503-622 I. Physics... 503-534 Chapter 1. Measurement and Unit... 503 Chapter 2. Measuring Devices and Scales... 505 Chapter 3. Mechanics (Mass, Force, Acceleration, Work, Energy, Momentum, Velocity)... 507 Chapter 4. Motion Under Gravity... 508 Chapter 5. Physical Properties of Materials... 510 Chapter 6. Light... 513 Chapter 7. Thermodynamics... 519 Chapter 8. Wave Motion... 524 Chapter 9. Sound... 524 Chapter 10. Electric Current... 527 Chapter 11. Conductivity... 530 Chapter 12. Nuclear Physics... 531 II. Computer and Information Technology... 535-544 Chapter 13. Computer and IT... 535 III. Chemistry... 545-567 Chapter 14. Atomic Structure... 545 Chapter 15. Chemical and Physical Transformation... 546 Chapter 16. Inorganic Chemistry... 547 Chapter 17. Metals, Minerals, Ores : Properties, Uses... 548 Chapter 18. Alloys... 550 Chapter 19. Carbon and its Various Forms... 551 Chapter 20. Hydrogen and its Compounds... 552 Chapter 21. Sulphur, Nitrogen, Halogen, Inert Gases... 553 Chapter 22. Acid, Base and Salt... 554 Chapter 23. Hydrocarbon... 556 Chapter 24. Alcohol... 557 (xv) Chapter 25. Polymer... 558 Chapter 26. Organic Acid... 558 Chapter 27. Explosive Substance... 559 Chapter 28. Fuel... 560 Chapter 29. Food Preservation, Nutrition, Medicine... 561 Chapter 30. Detergents... 563 Chapter 31. Fertilizers... 563 Chapter 32. Miscellaneous... 564 IV. Biology... 568-622 Chapter 33. Sub-divisions of Biology... 568 Chapter 34. Evolution of Life... 569 Chapter 35. Taxonomy... 570 Chapter 36. Heredity... 575 Chapter 37. Biofertilizer... 576 Chapter 38. Cell... 576 Chapter 39. Human Anatomy... 577 Chapter 40. Blood Transport System... 579 Chapter 41. Digestion and Excretion... 582 Chapter 42. Photosynthesis... 584 Chapter 43. Vitamins and Nutrition... 585 Chapter 44. Endocrine Glands, Hormones... 591 Chapter 45. Physiology... 594 Chapter 46. Disease and Treatment... 594 Chapter 47. Genetic Engineering and Bio-technology... 605 Chapter 48. Miscellaneous... 610 Section 9. General Awareness... 623-678 Chapter 1. Books and Authors... 623 Chapter 2. Defence... 632 Chapter 3. Scientist and Invention... 636 Chapter 4. Space and Satellite... 639 Chapter 5. Art and Culture... 645 Chapter 6. Awards... 653 Chapter 7. Sports... 655 Chapter 8. Miscellaneous... 660 Section 10. State General Awareness... 679-760 Chapter 1. Bihar... 679 Chapter 2. Jharkhand... 684 Chapter 3. Madhya Pradesh... 689 Chapter 4. Chhattisgarh... 699 Chapter 5. Rajasthan... 708 Chapter 6. Uttar Pradesh... 730 Chapter 7. Uttarakhand... 750 (xvi)  History of India 1 1 History of India I. Ancient History 1. Stone Age 1. According to the excavated grave were recovered at 14. The earliest evidence of agriculture evidence, the domestication of [UPPCS (Pre) 2016] in Indian Sub-continent is found at animal began in (A) Sarai Nahar Rai [UPPCS (Mains) 2007] [UPPCS (Mains) 2006] (B) Damdama (A) Lothal (B) Harappa (A) Lower Palaeolithic period (C) Mahadaha (C) Mehrgarh (D) Mundigak (B) Middle Palaeolithic period (D) Langhnaj 15. Which one of the following periods (C) Upper Palaeolithic period 8. The cultivation of cereals first is also known as Chalcolithic Age? (D) Mesolithic period started in [UPPCS (Mains) 2005] [44th BPSC (Pre) 2000] 2. In Mesolithic context, evidence (A) Neolithic Age (A) Old Stone Age of animal domestication has been (B) Mesolithic Age (B) New Stone Age found at [UPPCS (Spl) (Pre) 2008] (C) Palaeolithic Age (C) Copper Age (A) Langhnaj (D) Proto-Historic Age (D) Iron Age (B) Birbhanpur 9. The earliest evidence of man in 16. The cultural remains from Stone (C) Adamgarh India is found in Age to Harappan civilization have (D) Chopani Mando [Uttarakhand PCS (Pre) 2006] been obtained from which one of 3. Robert Bruce Foote, who discov- (A) Nilgiri Hills the following ancient sites? ered first Palaeolithic tool in India, [UPPCS (Pre) 2008] (B) Shiwalik Hills was a/an [UP Lower Sub. (Pre) 2015] (C) Nallamala Hills (A) Amri (B) Mehrgarh (A) Geologist (D) Narmada Valley (C) Kotdiji (D) Kalibangan (B) Archaeologist 10. The first cereal used by man was 17. Navdatoli was excavated by (C) Paleobotanist [UP Lower (Spl) (Pre) 2008] [UPPCS (Pre) 1997] (D) Both (A) and (B) (A) Wheat (B) Rice (A) K.D. Bajpai 4. The three-age system, divided into (C) Barley (D) Sorghum (B) V.S. Wakankar stone, bronze and iron from the 11. The earliest evidence of agriculture (C) H.D. Sankalia collection of Copenhagen museum in Indian sub-continent comes (D) Mortimer Wheeler was coined by [UPPCS (Pre) 2010] from [UP Lower Sub. (Pre) 2008] 18. In which state, the Navdatoli is (A) Thomson (B) Lubbock (A) Koldihwa (B) Lahuradeva located? [UPPCS (Mains) 2009] (C) Taylor (D) Childe (C) Mehrgarh (D) Tokwa (A) Gujarat 5. From which one of the following 12. Name the site which has revealed (B) Maharashtra sites bone implements have been the earliest evidence of settled life? (C) Chhattisgarh found? [UPPCS (Mains) 2010] [UPPCS (Spl) (Mains) 2008] (D) Madhya Pradesh (A) Chopani Mando (A) Dholavira 19. Megaliths have been identified as (B) Kakoria (B) Kile Gul Mohammad [Tamil Nadu PSC (Mains) 2018] (C) Mahadaha (C) Kalibangan (A) Caves for hermits (D) Sarai Nahar Rai (D) Mehrgarh (B) Burial sites 6. Bone ornaments in the Mesolithic (C) Temple sites 13. The earliest evidence of agriculture context in India have been obtained (D) None of the above in the Indian Sub-continent has from [UPRO/ARO (Mains) 2013] been obtained from 20. Ash mound is associated with the (A) Sarai Nahar Rai [UPPCS (Mains) 2010] Neolithic site at (B) Mahadaha [UPPCS (Mains) 2009] (A) Brahmagiri (C) Lekhahia (A) Budihal (B) Burzahom (D) Chopani Mando (B) Sangana Kallu (C) Koldihwa 7. Three human skeletons in a single (C) Koldihwa (D) Mehrgarh (D) Brahmagiri 2 Objective General Studies 21. ‘Bhimbetka’ is famous for (O.C.P.) was christened at been obtained from [MPPCS (Spl)(Pre) 2004] [UPPCS (Mains) 2006] [UPPCS (Mains) 2011] (A) Rock Paintings (A) Hastinapur (B) Ahichhatra (A) Burzahom (B) Koldihwa (B) Buddhist Statues (C) Noh (D) Red Fort (C) Brahmagiri (D) Sanganakallu (C) Minerals 26. In the Chalcolithic period people 30. From which rock shelter of (D) Origin of Son River of Maharashtra buried their dead Vindhyas, a maximum number of 22. In India, from which rock-shelter, under the floor of their houses in human skeletons have been found? pictures has been found the most? the following orientation [UPPCS (Pre) 2016] [UPPCS (Pre) 2008] [UPPCS (Pre) 1997] (A) Morahana Pahar (A) Ghagharia (B) Bhimbetka (A) North to South position (B) Ghagharia (C) Lekhahia (D) Adamgarh (B) East to West position (C) Baghahi Khor 23. Which one of the following places is (C) South to North position (D) Lekhahia famous for pre-historic paintings? (D) West to East position 31. Which of these departments/minis- [UPPCS (Mains) 2011 27. Which of the following sites has tries deals with Archaeological Sur- Uttarakhand UDA/LDA (Mains) 2007] yielded skeleton of the dog along vey of India as an accessory office? (A) Ajanta with human skeleton in burial? [Jharkhand PCS (Pre) 2011] (B) Bhimbetka [UP Lower Sub. (Pre) 2008] (A)Culture (C) Bagh (A) Brahmagiri (B) Burzahom (B)Tourism (D) Amravati (C) Chirand (D) Maski (C)Science and Technology 24. Where are the caves of Bhimbetka 28. The evidence of burying the dog (D)Human Resource and situated? [MPPCS (Pre) 2013] with human body is found from Development (A) Bhopal which of the following places? 32. Where is the National Human [Uttarakhand PCS (Pre) 2010] Museum situated? (B) Pachmarhi (C) Singrauli (A) Burzahom (B) Koldihwa [MPPCS (Pre) 1997] (D) Abdullahganj-Raisen (C) Chaupani (D) Mando (A) Guwahati (B) Bastar 25. The Ochre-coloured Pottery 29. The evidence of pit dwelling has (C) Bhopal (D) Chennai Answer Sheet 1. (D) 2. (C) 3. (D) 4. (A) 5. (C) 6. (B) 7. (B) 8. (A) 9. (D) 10. (C) 11. (B) 12. (D) 13. (D) 14. (C) 15. (C) 16. (B) 17. (C) 18. (D) 19. (B) 20. (B) 21. (A) 22. (B) 23. (B) 24. (D) 25. (A) 26. (A) 27. (B) 28. (A) 29. (A) 30. (D) 31. (A) 32. (C) 2. Indus Valley Civilization and Culture 1. Indus Civilization existed in (B) Indus Valley civilization (A) Rock edicts [UPPCS (Pre) 1996; BPSC (Pre) 1994] (C) Vedic civilization (B) Writing in terracotta seals (A) Pre-historical age (D) Mesopotamian civilization (C) Archaeological excavations (B) Early historical age 5. The important reason to keep Indus- (D) All of the above (C) Historical age Valley civilization before Aryan 8. Which of the following throw light (D) Later historical age civilization is [UPPCS (Pre) 1990] on Harappan culture? 2. Indus Valley civilization was Non- (A) Script [UPPCS (Pre) 1993] Aryan because [UPPSC (GIC) 2010] (B) Town Planning (A) Inscription (A) It was an Urban civilization (C) Copper (B) Archaeological excavations (B) It has its own script (D) Potteries (C) Handwriting seals on the (C) It has an agricultural economy 6. The Indus Valley culture was dif- utensils (D) It extended upto the Narmada ferent from the Vedic Civilization (D) Religious books valley because [UPPCS (Spl) (Mains) 2004] 9. The main source of knowledge 3. Human Society is unique because it (A) It had the amenities of a about the inhabitants of Indus depends mainly on developed city life valley civilization is the discovery [UPPCS (Spl) (Mains) 2004] (B) It has a pictographic script of [RAS/RTS (Pre) 1996] (A) Culture (B) Economy (C) It had a lack of knowledge of (A) Seals (C) Religion (D) Science iron and defensive arrow (B) Utensils, jewellery, weapons, 4. Which of the following is related to (D) All of the above tools Harappa civilization? 7. The source of knowledge about (C) Temple [MPPCS (Pre) 1990] Harappan culture is (D) Scripts (A) Sumerian civilization [UPPCS (Pre) 1994, 96]  History of India 3 10. The earliest evidence of silver in (C) Worshipping of Mother (A) Kalibangan (B) Ropar India is found in the [IAS (Pre) 1994] Goddess (C) Patliputra (D) Lothal (A) Harappan culture (D) People knew about iron 29. The largest site of Harappa in India (B) Chalcolithic cultures of 19. The excavation at Chanhudaro was is [UPPCS (Spl)(Mains) 2004] Western India directed by [UP Lower Sub.(Pre) 2015] (A) Alamgirpur (B) Kalibangan (C) Vedic texts (A) J.H. Mackay (C) Lothal (D) Rakhigarhi (D) Silver Punch-marked coins (B) Sir John Marshall 30. The biggest Harappan site in India 11. Which colour was commonly used (C) R.E.M. Wheeler is [Jharkhand PCS (Pre) 2016] in the Harappan Pottery? (D) Sir Aurel Stein (A) Rakhigarhi [40th BPSC (Pre) 1995] 20. Which site of Indus Valley is now in (B) Dholavira (A) Red (B) Blue-grey Pakistan? [UPPCS (Spl)(Pre) 1994] (C) Kalibangan (C) Yellow (D) Blue (A) Kalibangan (B) Harappa (D) Lothal 12. The beginning of idol worship is to (C) Lothal (D) Alamgirpur 31. The people of Indus valley believed be considered in [UPPCS (Pre) 1992] 21. Rangpur, where the contemporary in [RAS/RTS (Pre) 1993] (A) Pre-Aryan of Harappan civilization were (A) Spirit and Brahma (B) Vedic Period found, is in [RAS/RTS (Pre) 1999] (B) Ritual (C) Mauryan Period (A) Punjab (C) Sacrificial system (D) Kushan Period (B) Eastern Uttar Pradesh (D) Mother Goddess 13. Which one of the following animals (C) Saurashtra 32. The Indus valley people worshipped was not represented on the seals (D) Rajasthan [Uttarakhand PCS (Mains) 2006] and terracotta art of the Harappan 22. Dadheri is a late Harappan site of (A) Shiva culture? [IAS (Pre) 2001] [UPPCS (Mains) 2014] (B) Indra and Varun (A) Cow (B) Elephant (A) Jammu (B) Punjab (C) Brahma (C) Rhinoceros (D) Tiger (C) Haryana (D) U.P. (D) Vishnu 14. Which among the following 23. Which site of Indus Valley 33. Who was the director of the Harappan site terracotta of ‘plough’ Civilization is located in India? archaeological excavation that led was found? [West Bangal PSC (Pre) 2018] to the discovery of Harappa and [60th to 62nd BPSC (Pre) 2016] (A) Harappa Mohenjodaro? [RAS/RTS (Pre) 1997] (A) Dholavira (B) Banawali (B) Mohenjodaro (A) Lord Macaulay (C) Kalibangan (D) Lothal (C) Lothal (B) Sir John Marshall (E) None of the above/More than (D) None of the above (C) Clive one of the above 24. The Harappan city represented by (D) Colonel Tad 15. A ploughed field was discovered at the archaeological site of Lothal 34. Two Indians who were associated [UPPCS (Mains) 2005] was situated on the river with discovery of Indus Valley (A) Mohenjodaro [UPPCS (Mains) 2012] Civilization, are (B) Kalibangan (A) Narmada (B) Mahi [Chhattisgarh PCS (Pre) 2003] (C) Harappa (C) Bhogava (D) Bhima (A) Rakhal Das Banerjee and (D) Lothal 25. Harappan civilization, Lothal, is Dayaram Sahni 16. The Great Bath was found from the located in (B) John Marshall and Ishwari Indus Valley civilization at [Uttarakhand PCS (Pre) 2010 Prasad [UPPCS (Pre) 1992] UPPCS (Mains) 2009] (C) Ashirwadi Lal Srivastava and (A) Mohenjodaro (A) Gujarat (B) Punjab Rangnath Rao (B) Harappa (C) Rajasthan (D) Sindh (D) Madhosarup Vats and V.B. Rao (C) Lothal 26. The port city of Indus Valley 35. Which one of the following is not (D) Kalibangan Civilization was [UPPCS (Pre) 1999] correctly matched? 17. The ‘Great Bath’ was found at the (A) Harappa [UPPCS (Mains) 2006] archaeological site of (B) Kalibangan (A) Harappa - Daya Ram Sahni [UPPSC (GIC) 2010] (C) Lothal (B) Lothal - S.R. Rao (A) Ropar (D) Mohenjodaro (C) Surkotada - J.P. Joshi (B) Harappa 27. Which of the following is a (D) Dholavira - B.K. Thapar (C) Mohenjodaro Harappan port? 36. The first archaeologist who (D) Kalibangan [53rd to 55th BPSC (Pre) 2011] excavated Harappa, but could not 18. Which of the following statements (A) Alexandria recognize its significance, was about the Indus civilization is not (B) Lothal [UPPCS (Mains) 2006] true? [UPPCS (Pre) 1992] (C) Mahasthangarh (A) A. Cunningham (A) Accurate drainage system in (D) Nagapattinam (B) Sir John Marshall cities 28. Which of the following is not an (C) Mortimer Wheeler (B) Trade and commerce were in Indus Valley Civilization site? (D) George F. Dales an advanced stage [MPPCS (Pre) 2013] 4 Objective General Studies 37. Who among the following was not been revealed? (A) Lion (B) Horse associated with the excavation of [Chhattisgarh PCS (Pre) 2015] (C) Cow (D) Elephant Harappa and Mohenjodaro? (A) Mohenjodaro 56. A horned deity engraved on a [56th to 59th BPSC (Pre) 2015] (B) Sanghol terracotta cake has been recovered (A) R.D. Banerjee (C) Kalibangan from [UP Lower (Spl) (Pre) 2008] (B) K.N. Dikshit (D) Dholavira (A) Banawali (B) Kalibangan (C) M.S. Vats 48. A highly advanced water manage- (C) Lothal (D) Surkotada (D) V.A. Smith ment system of Harappan times 57. Which of the following civilization 38. From which one of the following has been unearthed at flourished on the bank of River places, remains of wells have been [UPPCS (Mains) 2010] Nile? [UPPCS (Mains) 2004] found in houses belonging to the (A) Alamgirpur (B) Dholavira (A) Roman Civilization developed stage of the Indus Valley (C) Kalibangan (D) Lothal (B) Indus Valley Civilization Civilization? [UPPCS (Pre) 2004] 49. Which of the following sites has (C) Greek Civilization (A) Harappa (B) Kalibangan yielded evidence of a triple burial? (D) Egyptian Civilization (C) Lothal (D) Mohenjodaro [UPPCS (Mains) 2016] 58. What is the correct North- 39. Mohenjodaro is situated in which (A) Kuntasi (B) Dholavira South sequence of the following of the following? [MPPCS (Pre) 2012] (C) Lothal (D) Kalibangan civilizations? [UPRO/ARO (Pre) 2016] (A) Gujarat state of India 50. Recently, from excavations of (A) Maya - Aztec - Muisca - Inca (B) Punjab state of India Harappan site Sonauli what was (B) Maya - Muisca - Inca - Aztec (C) Sindh Province in Pakistan found? [UP Lower Sub. (Pre) 2004] (C) Aztec - Muisca - Maya - Inca (D) Afghanistan (A) Human burials (D) Aztec - Maya - Muisca - Inca 40. The first metal used by man was (B) Animal burials 59. The first ancient civilization to de- [RAS/RTS (Pre) 2012] (C) Residential building velop the art of writing in a proper (A) Gold (B) Silver (D) Protecting wall system was? [RAS/RTS (Pre) 1992] (C) Copper (D) Iron 51. For clothing, cotton cultivation was (A) Indus (B) Egypt 41. An ivory scale in Harappan context first introduced in (C) Sumerian (D) China was found at [UPRO/ARO (Pre) 2014] [UPPCS (Pre) 2006] 60. Which of the following match is (A) Kalibangan (B) Lothal (A) Egypt not correct regarding the origin of (C) Dholavira (D) Banawali (B) Mesopotamia Harappan civilization? 42. Which metal has so far not been (C) Central America [RAS/RTS (Pre) (Re. Exam) 2013] discovered in Harappan sites? (D) India List-I [Chhattisgarh PCS (Pre) 2011] 52. Which of the following charac- (a) M. Rafique Mughal (A) Copper (B) Gold terises / characterise the people of (b) E.J.H. Mackay (C) Silver (D) Iron Indus Civilization? (c) Mortimer Wheeler 43. Which one among the following 1. They possessed great places (d) Amalandanda Ghosh sites is located in the valley of and temples. List-II Ghaggar and its associated rivers? 2. They worshipped, both male 1. Harappan civilization was [RAS/RTS (Pre) 2010] and female deities. inspired by Mesopotamian (A) Alamgirpur 3. They employed horse-drawn civilization (B) Lothal chariots in warfare. 2. Migration of people from Sumer (C) Mohenjodaro Select the correct answer using the 3. Migration of ‘idea of civilization’ (D) Banawali code given below. [IAS (Pre) 2013] 4. Pre-Harappan culture matured 44. From where the evidence of rock- (A) 1 and 2 (B) Only 2 to make Harappan civilization cut architecture were found, with (C) All of these (D) None of these (A) (a) - 1 (B) (b) - 2 reference to Harappa civilization? 53. One of the following sites from (C) (c) - 3 (D) (d) - 4 [UPPCS (Pre) 2006] where the famous bull-seal of Indus 61. Match List-I (Ancient site) with (A) Kalibangan (B) Dholavira Valley Civilization was found. List-II (Archaeological finding) and (C) Kot Diji (D) Amri [RAS/RTS (Pre) 2008] select the correct answer using the 45. Dholavira is located in the state of (A) Harappa (B) Chanhudaro code given below the lists. [UPPCS (Mains) 2010] (C) Lothal (D) Mohenjodaro [IAS (Pre) 2002] (A) Gujarat (B) Haryana 54. Which one of the following animals List-I (Ancient site) (C) Punjab (D) Rajasthan is not depicted on the Harappan (a) Lothal (b) Kalibangan 46. Which Harappan city is divided seal? [UPPCS (Spl) (Mains) 2009] (c) Dholavira (d) Banawali into three parts? (A) Bull (B) Elephant List-II (Archaeological [UPRO/ARO (Mains) 2013] (C) Horse (D) Sheep finding) (A) Lothal (B) Kalibangan 55. Remains of which animal have not 1. Ploughed field (C) Dholavira (D) Surkotada been discovered in the Indus Valley 2. Dockyard 47. In which of the following site Civilization? 3. Terracotta replica of a Plough remnants of three townships have [Chhattisgarh PCS (Pre) 2011] 4. An inscription comprising  History of India 5 ten large sized signs of the (A) Alamgirpur - Uttar Pradesh 4. Urban culture Harappan script (B) Lothal - Gujarat Select the correct answer using the Code (C) Kalibangan - Haryana code given below. [IAS (Pre) 1998] (a) (b) (c) (d) (D) Ropar - Punjab (A) 3, 4, 1, 2 (B) 3, 4, 2, 1 (A) 1 2 3 4 66. For the Harrapan Cultural sites and (C) 4, 3, 1, 2 (D) 4, 3, 2, 1 (B) 2 1 4 3 its position, which of the following 71. Consider the following statements (C) 1 2 4 3 is not correctly matched? and select the correct answer from (D) 2 1 3 4 [UP UDA/LDA (Pre) 2006] the given code. [MPPCS (Pre) 2008] 62. Match List-I with List-II and select (A) Alamgirpur - Uttar Pradesh 1. Mohenjodaro, Harappa, the correct answer by using the (B) Banawali - Haryana Ropar and Kalibangan are code given below the lists (C) Daimabad - Maharashtra the main sites of Indus valley [UPPCS (Spl)(Mains) 2008] (D) Rakhigarhi - Rajasthan civilization. List-I 67. Match List-I with List-II and select 2. People of Harappa developed (a) Harappan the correct answer from the code the road, proper housing and (b) Hastinapur given below. [UPPCS (Pre) 2012] drainage system. (c) Nagarjuna Konda List-I (Harappan Site) 3. People of Harappa were (d) Paithan (a) Manda (b) Daimabad unknown about the use of metals. List-II (c) Kalibangan (d) Rakhigarhi 1. Godavari 2. Ravi List-II (Location) Code 3. Ganga 4. Krishna 1. Rajasthan (A) 1 and 2 are correct Code 2. Haryana (B) 1 and 3 are correct (a) (b) (c) (d) 3. Jammu-Kashmir (C) 2 and 3 are correct (A) 1 2 3 4 4. Maharashtra (D) 1, 2 and 3 are correct (B) 2 3 4 1 Code 72. Assertion (A): Mohenjodaro and (C) 4 3 2 1 Harappa cities are dead now. (a) (b) (c) (d) (D) 3 4 1 2 (A) 1 2 3 4 Reason (R): They were discov- ered during excavations. 63. Match List-I with List-II and select (B) 2 3 4 1 the correct answer from the code (C) 3 4 1 2 In the context of the above, which given below. one of the following is correct? (D) 4 1 2 3 [UP UDA/LDA (Mains) 2010] [UPPCS (Pre) 2009] 68. Which of the following sites of List-I (Harappan Settlement) (A) Both (A) and (R) are true and Harappan culture are located in (R) is the correct explanation (a) Harappa (b) Kalibangan Sindh? [UPPSC (GIC) 2010] of (A) (c) Lothal (d) Ropar 1. Harappa 2. Mohenjodaro (B) Both (A) and (R) are true, List-II (River on which 3. Chanhundaro 4. Surkatada but (R) is not the correct located) Indicate the correct answer from explanation of (A) 1. Bhogava 2. Ghaggar the code given below. (C) (A) is true, but (R) is false 3. Ravi 4. Sutlej (A) 1 and 2 (B) 2 and 3 (D) (A) is false, but (R) is true (a) (b) (c) (d) (C) 2, 3 and 4 (D) 1, 2, 3 and 4 73. Regarding the Indus Valley (A) 3 2 1 4 69. Indus Valley Civilization, which Civilization, consider the following (B) 3 4 1 2 was placed on the banks of the statements. (C) 4 2 3 1 river, they were? [UPPCS (Pre) 2009] 1. It was predominantly a secular (D) 1 3 2 4 1. Sindhu 2. Chenab civilization and the religious 64. Indus Valley civilization is known 3. Jhelum 4. Ganga element, though present, did [Uttarakhand UDA/LDA (Pre) 2003] Choose the correct answer from the not dominate the scene. 1. For its town planning code given below. 2. During the period, cotton was 2. For Mohenjodaro and Harappa Code used for manufacturing textiles 3. For their agricultural work (A) 1 and 2 (B) 1, 2 and 3 in India. 4. For its industrialization (C) 2, 3 and 4 (D) All four Which of the statements given Code 70. What is the correct chronological above is/are correct? [IAS (Pre) 2011 MPPCS (Pre) 2012] (A) 1 and 2 (B) 1, 2 and 3 order in which the following (C) 2, 3 and 4 (D) All of these appeared in India? (A) Only 1 65. Which of the following is not 1. Gold coins (B) Only 2 correctly matched? 2. Punch-marked silver coins (C) Both 1 and 2 [UPPCS (Pre) 1996] 3. Iron plough (D) Neither 1 nor 2 Answer Sheet 1. (B) 2. (A) 3. (A) 4. (B) 5. (D) 6. (D) 7. (C) 8. (B) 9. (B) 10. (A) 11. (A) 12. (A) 13. (A) 14. (B) 15. (B) 16. (A) 17. (C) 18. (D) 19. (A) 20. (B) 6 Objective General Studies 21. (C) 22. (B) 23. (C) 24. (C) 25. (A) 26. (C) 27. (B) 28. (C) 29. (D) 30. (A) 31. (D) 32. (A) 33. (B) 34. (A) 35. (D) 36. (A) 37. (D) 38. (D) 39. (C) 40. (C) 41. (B) 42. (D) 43. (D) 44. (B) 45. (A) 46. (C) 47. (D) 48. (B) 49. (C) 50. (A) 51. (D) 52. (B) 53. (D) 54. (C) 55. (A) 56. (B) 57. (D) 58. (D) 59. (C) 60. (A) 61. (B) 62. (B) 63. (A) 64. (D) 65. (C) 66. (D) 67. (C) 68. (B) 69. (B) 70. (D) 71. (A) 72. (B) 73. (C) 3. Vedic Age 1. Which one of the following is oldest (A) Collection of hymns 17. Upanishads are books on Veda? [Uttarakhand PCS (Pre) 2010 (B) Collection of stories [UPPCS (Mains) 2004 UPPCS (Pre) 1995 (C) Collection of words UPPCS (Pre) 2002] Uttarakhand UDA/LDA (Pre) 2007] (A) Religion (B) Yoga (D) Text of war (A) Yajurveda (B) Rig Veda 10. Which one of the following (C) Law (D) Philosophy (C) Samaveda (D) Atharvaveda Brahmana texts belongs to the Rig 18. The main theme of Upanishads is 2. ‘Trayi’ is a name for Veda? [MPPCS (Pre) 2017] [UP Lower Sub. (Pre) 1998] [UPPSC (GIC) 2010] (A) Aitareya Brahmana (A) Social structure (A) Three Vedas (B) Gopatha Brahmana (B) Philosophy (B) Dharma, Sangha and Buddha (C) Shatapatha Brahmana (C) Law (C) Three Gods in Hindu Pantheon (D) Taittriya Brahmana (D) State (D) Three seasons 11. ‘Gopatha Brahmana’ is associated 19. Which one of the following Vedic 3. The term ‘Aryan’ denotes with [UPRO/ARO (Pre) 2014] literature talks about salvation? [IAS (Pre) 1999; UPPCS (Pre) 1999] (A) Yajurveda (B) Samveda [UPPCS (Mains) 2003] (A) An ethnic group (C) Atharvaveda (D) Rig Veda (A) Rig Veda (B) A nomadic people 12. Which Mandala of Rig Veda is (B) Later Samhitas (C) A speech group completely dedicated to ‘Soma’? (C) Brahmins (D) A superior race [42nd BPSC (Pre) 1997] (D) Upanishads 4. Meaning of the term ‘Arya’ in (A) Seventh Mandala 20. The famous dialogue between classical Sanskrit is (B) Eighth Mandala Nachiketa and Yama is mentioned [UP Lower Sub. (Pre) 1998] (C) Ninth Mandala in the [UP UDA/LDA (Pre) 2002 (A) Believer of the God (D) Tenth Mandala Uttarakhand PCS (Pre) 2005] (B) A hereditary cast 13. The ninth Mandala of the Rig Veda (A) Brihadadranyaka Upanishad (C) A believer in particular religion Samhita is devoted wholly to (B) Chhandogyopanishad (D) A Noble man [40th BPSC (Pre) 1995] (C) Kathopanishad 5. In which Vedic text the term ‘Varna’ (A) Indra and his elephant (D) Kenopanishad is found referred for the first time? (B) Urvashi and the Heaven 21. ‘Nachiketa’ Legend finds mention [Uttarakhand PCS (Pre) 2012] (C) Gods related to plants and in [UPPCS (Mains) 2006] (A) Rig Veda (B) Atharvaveda drugs (A) Atharvaveda (C) Samaveda (D) Yajurveda (D) ‘Soma’ and the god who is (B) Satapatha Brahmin 6. The ‘Purush Sukta’ related to Varna named after the drink (C) Kathopanishad System is originally found in 14. Rights and Rituals related to Yajnas (D) Brihadaranyaka Upanishad [Chhattisgarh PCS (Pre) 2014] are mentioned in 22. King Asvapati of the Upanishadic (A) Atharvaveda (B) Samaveda [RAS/RTS (Pre) 1999] period was the ruler of (C) Rig Veda (D) Manusmriti (A) Rig Veda [UPPCS (Pre) 1999] 7. Which one of the following four (B) Samaveda (A) Kashi (B) Kekaya Vedas contains an account of (C) Brahmin Granthas (C) Panchala (D) Videha magical charms and spells? (D) Yajurveda 23. Which of the following is the correct [Jharkhand PCS (Pre) 2011] order of the Vedic literature? 15. The compilation of which among (A) Rig Veda (B) Yajurveda the following is based upon the Rig [UPPCS (Mains) 2014] (C) Atharvaveda (D) Samaveda Veda? [UPPCS (Pre) 1997] (A) Vedic Samhitas, Brahmanas, 8. In Rig Veda there are..... hymns. (A) Yajurveda (B) Samaveda Aranyakas, Upanishads [Tamil Nadu PSC (Pre) 2017 (C) Atharvaveda (D) None of these (B) Vedic Samhitas, Upanishads, Chhattisgarh PCS (Pre) 2011] Aranyakas, Brahmanas 16. The earliest evidence of the use of (A) 1028 (B) 1017 iron in India has been discovered (C) Vedic Samhitas, Aranyakas, (C) 1128 (D) 1020 from [UPPCS (Pre) 1998] Brahmanas, Upanishads 9. The Rig Veda is the (A) Taxila (B) Atranjikhera (D) Vedic Samhitas, Vedangas, [UPRO/ARO (Pre) 2016] (C) Kaushambi (D) Hastinapur Aranyakas, Smritis  History of India 7 24. The river most mentioned in early 33. During the Rig Vedic period Nishka Culture? [UPPCS (Mains) 2007] Vedic literature is [IAS (Pre) 1996] was an ornament of (A) Anga, Magadha (A) Sindhu (B) Shutudri [UPPCS (Mains) 2007] (B) Kosal, Videha (C) Sarasvati (D) Ganga (A) Ear (B) Neck (C) Kuru, Panchala 25. Vedic river Askini is identified with (C) Arm (D) Wrist (D) Matsya, Shurasena which one of the following rivers? 34. ‘Nishka’ in ancient India was 42. The word Gotra occurs for the first [UPPSC (GIC) 2010] known as [UPPCS (Pre) 2005] time in [UPPCS (Mains) 2005] (A) Beas (B) Ravi (A) Gold ornament (A) Atharvaveda (B) Rig Veda (C) Chenab (D) Jhelum (B) Cows (C) Samaveda (D) Yajurveda 26. Which of the following rivers ment- (C) Copper Coins 43. The religion of early Vedic Aryans ioned in the Rig Veda indicates (D) Silver Coins was primarily of [IAS (Pre) 2012] the relations of Aryans with 35. Boghaz-Koi is important because (A) Bhakti Afghanistan? [UPPCS (Pre) 2010] [UPPCS (Pre) 1996 (B) Image worship and yajnas (A) Askini 39th BPSC (Pre) 1994] (C) Worship of nature and yajnas (B) Parushni (A) It was an important trading (D) Worship of nature and bhakti (C) Kubha, Kramu centre between Central Asia 44. In the Rigvedic period, people (D) Vipasha, Shutudri and Tibet believed mainly in 27. The Vedic river Kubha was located (B) Inscriptions were found which [UPPCS (Pre) 1993] in [UPPCS (Pre) 1999] mentioned the names of Vedic (A) Idol worship (A) Afghanistan Gods and Goddesses (B) One God belief (B) Chinese Turkistan (C) Original Texts of the Vedas were composed here (C) Goddess worship (C) Kashmir (D) Sacrifice and rituals (D) Punjab (D) None of the above 36. Which of the following inscriptions 45. Famous Battle of ‘Ten Kings’ was 28. In the period of Mahabharata, the fought on the bank of the river name of Mahanadi was tells about the Aryan’s movement [42nd BPSC (Pre) 1997] [Chhattisgarh PCS (Pre) 2016] of Aryan from Iran to India? [UPPCS (Mains) 2009] (A) The Ganges (B) Brahmaputra (A) Kaveri (C) Kaveri (D) Parushni (A) Man Sehra (B) Shahbazgarhi (B) Tapti 46. The famous battle of ‘Ten Kings’ (C) Boghaz-Koi (D) Junagarh (C) Mahananda as described in the Rig Veda was (D) None of the above 37. An inscription of 14th century B.C. which describes the Vedic-Gods fought on the bank of 29. Which of the following custom has been found in [UPPCS (Mains) 2008] emerged during the Tetrad post- [UPPCS (Mains) 2016] (A) Parushni (B) Saraswati Vedic period? [IAS (Pre) 1994] (C) Vipasa (D) Asikni (A) Ecbatana (B) Boghaz-Koi (A) Dharma, Artha, Kama, Moksha 47. Which of the following river (C) Babylon (D) Bisotun (B) Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaishya, among the following referred Shudra 38. Who among the following wrote on the original homeland of the as ‘Matetama’, ‘Devitama’ and (C) Brahmcharya, Grihastha- ‘Naditama’ in the Rig Veda? Aryans? [UPPCS (Pre) 1996] ashramas, Vanaprastha, [UPPCS (Spl) (Mains) 2008] Sanyasa (A) Sankaracharya (A) Sindhu (B) Saraswati (D) Indra, Surya, Rudra, Maruta (B) Annie Besant (C) Vitasta (D) Yamuna 30. Who among the following Vedic (C) Vivekanand 48. Give the name of the tribe which is deities was believed to be their (D) Bal Gangadhar Tilak not related to the ‘Panchjana’ of the priest? [UPPCS (Mains) 2013] 39. The name of scripture in which Rig Veda Aryans? (A) Agni (B) Brihaspati ‘Purusha Medha’ was mentioned is [UPPCS (Mains) 2009] [UPPCS (Spl) (Pre) 2008] (C) Dyaus (D) Indra (A) Yadu (B) Puru 31. Who among the following was (A) Krishna Yajurveda (C) Turvasa (D) Kikat a Brahmavadini who composed (B) Shukla Yajurveda 49. In the ancient period chief- some hymns of the Vedas? (C) Shatpath Brahmana livelihood of the Aryans was [IAS (Pre) 1995] (D) Panchvish Brahmana [UPPCS (Pre) 1993] (A) Lopamudra (B) Gargi 40. The priest associated with King (A) Agriculture (B) Hunting (C) Leelavati (D) Savitri Videgha Madhava referred in (C) Artcraft (D) Business 32. During the Rigvedic Period word Shatapatha Brahmana was [UP Lower Sub. (Pre) 2015] 50. The word ‘Yava’ mentioned in Rig ‘Nishka’ was used for a Jewellery Veda is used for which agricultural but in later period it was used for (A) Rishi Bhardwaj product? [UPPCS (Spl) (Mains) 2008] the meaning of [IAS (Pre) 1993] (B) Rishi Vashishta (A) Barley (A) Arms (C) Rishi Vishwamitra (B) Gram (B) Farming equipment (D) Rishi Gautama Rahugana (C) Rice (C) Script 41. In the post-Vedic period which was (D) Wheat (D) Coin considered as the axis of Aryan 8 Objective General Studies 51. The System of Governance 62. 800 B.C. to 600 B.C. is related to ‘Satyameva Jayate’ have been prevalent in the Vedic era was which era? [UPPCS (Pre) 2002] taken? [UPPCS (Spl)(Pre) 2004 [RAS/RTS (Pre) 1993] (A) Brahmin (B) Sutra UPPCS (Mains) 2004] (A) Autocratic (C) Ramayana (D) Mahabharata (A) Mandukopanishad (B) Democratic 63. Gayatri Mantra is found in which (B) Kathopnishad (C) Republic book? [39th BPSC (Pre) 1994] (C) Chhandogyopanishad (D) Descended monarchy (A) Upanishad (B) Bhagwatgita (D) None of the above 52. Assembly of Vedic-era (C) Rig Veda (D) Yajurveda 74. From where the word ‘Satyameva [RAS/RTS (Pre) 1994] 64. The ‘Mantra’ famous with the name Jayate’ taken? [IAS (Pre) 2004 (A) Was an institution of mercantile of ‘Gayatri Mantra’ found in which MPPCS (Pre) 1994, 1992 people of the villages of the following scriptures? UPPCS (Pre) 1991] (B) Was a royal court [UPPCS (Pre) 2013] (A) Manusmriti (C) Was council of ministers (A) Bhagwatgita (B) Atharvaveda (B) Bhagavad Gita (D) National Assembly of all the (C) Rig Veda (D) Manusmriti (C) Rig Veda people of the state 65. Who composed the Gayatri (D) Mundakopanishad 53. The Rigvedic tribal assembly Mantra?[Uttarakhand PCS (Pre) 2006] 75. ‘Satyamev Jayate’ which is associated with judicial function (A) Vasishtha (B) Vishwamitra engraved on the Indian Emblem was [Jharkhand PCS (Pre) 2016] (C) Indra (D) Parikshit has been taken from (A) Sabha (B) Samiti [UPPSC (RI) 2014] 66. Sarga, Pratisarga, Vansa, (C) Vidhata (D) All of these Manvantara and Vanshanucharita (A) Rig Veda 54. In which of the Vedas, Sabha and are the indicators of (B) Bhagavad Gita Samiti are called as two daughters [UPPCS (Pre) (Re. Exam) 2015] (C) Mundakopanishad of Prajapati? [UPPCS (Mains) 2009] (A) Vedas (B) Puranas (D) Matsya Purana (A) Rig Veda (B) Samveda (C) Upanishads (D) Sutras 76. The Statement ‘Tamsoma Jyotirga- (C) Yajurveda (D) Atharvaveda 67. The number of Puranas is maya’ was originally mentioned in 55. ‘Ayurveda’ that is ‘Science of Life’ [UPPCS (GIC) 2010; UPPCS (Pre) 2009] [Chhattisgarh PCS (Pre) 2016] appeared first in [UPPCS (Pre) 1994] (A) 16 (B) 18 (A) Upanishadas (A) Aranyaka (B) Samveda (C) 19 (D) 21 (B) Mahakavyas (C) Yajurveda (D) Atharvaveda 68. In which language was the (C) Puranas 56. Rig-vedic religion was ‘Shrimad Bhagavad Gita’ originally (D) Shaddarshanas [UPPCS (Mains) 2014] written? 77. The legend of Satyakam Jabal, (A) Polytheistic (B) Monotheistic [Uttarakhand UDA/LDA (Pre) 2007] which challenges the stigma of (C) Monistic (D) Libertarian (A) Sanskrit (B) Urdu being an unmarried mother, is (C) Pali (D) Hindi mentioned in [RAS/RTS (Pre) 2016] 57. The largest number of Rigvedic hymns are devoted to 69. Originally, the Mahabharata was (A) Jabal Upanishad [UPPCS (Mains) 2002] known as [UPRO/ARO (Pre) 2014] (B) Prashnopanishad (A) Agni (B) Indra (A) Brihatkatha (C) Chhandogya Upanishad (C) Rudra (D) Vishnu (B) Brahmins (D) Kathopanishad 58. The largest number of the Mantras (C) Brihatsamhita 78. The literal meaning of which in Rig Veda belongs to (D) Jayasamhita Upanishada is white horse? [UPPCS (Mains) 2010] [Chhattisgarh PCS (Pre) 2016] 70. In Mahabharat by what name were (A) Agni (B) Varuna the Kuninda-kings known? (A) Kathopanishad (C) Vishnu (D) Yama [Uttarakhand PCS (Pre) 2016] (B) Chhandogya Upanishad 59. Who among the following is (A) Sarvasrestha (B) Madhyam (C) Taittriya Upanishad regarded as War-God in the Rig (C) Dwij Srestha (D) Dwij (D) Shavetashvatara Veda? [UPPCS (Mains) 2011] 71. According to Hindu mythology, 79. Fundamental or basic script of the (A) Agni (B) Indra which serpent offered himself as a ‘Rig Veda’ was [UPPCS (Pre) 2004] (C) Surya (D) Varuna rope for churning the ocean? (A) Devnagri 60. Who of the following Gods was [Uttarakhand UDA/LDA (Pre) 2007] (B) Kharoshthi considered as War-God in the Vedic (A) Kalia (B) Vasuki (C) Pali Pantheon? (C) Pushkar (D) Sheshnag (D) Brahmi [Uttarakhand PCS (Pre) 2016] 72. In which phase, the concept of 80. In the Vedic rituals HOTA is (A) Varuna (B) Indra untouchability was put clearly? associated with the (C) Agni (D) Mitra [39th BPSC (Pre) 1994] [Andhra Pradesh PSC (Pre) 2018 61. Who among the following was (A) Rigvedic phase UPRO/ARO (Mains) 2013] the most popular God of the early (B) Later Vedic phase (A) Rig Veda Vedic Aryans? [UPPCS (Mains) 2008] (C) Later Gupta phase (B) Yajurvaveda (A) Varuna (B) Vishnu (D) Dharmashastra phase (C) Samaveda (C) Rudra (D) Indra 73. From which Upanishad, the words (D) Atharvaveda  History of India 9 81. There is a similarity in Avesta and List-II List-II (Modern Name) the Rig Veda, from which region 1. God Grace 1. Gandak 2. Kabul the Avesta is related to 2. Sacrifice process 3. Ravi 4. Sutlej [UP Lower Sub. (Spl) (Pre) 2004] 3. Medicine Code (A) India (B) Iran 4. Music (a) (b) (c) (d) (C) Israel (D) Egypt Code (A) 1 2 4 3 82. Which of the following animals was (a) (b) (c) (d) (B) 2 3 1 4 considered as ‘Aghanya’ during the (A) 3 1 2 4 (C) 3 4 2 1 Vedic period? [UPPCS (Pre) 2008] (B) 1 2 3 4 (D) 4 1 3 2 (A) Bull (B) Sheep (C) 2 3 4 1 94. The ‘dharma’ and ‘rita’ depict (C) Cow (D) Elephant (D) 3 4 1 2 a central idea of ancient Vedic 83. Aghanya in Rig Veda is mentioned 91. Match List-I with List-II and select civilization of India. In this context, for [UP UDA/LDA (Spl)(Pre) 2010] the correct answer from the code consider the following statements. (A) Goat (B) Cow given below. [UPPCS (Pre) 2003 [IAS (Pre) 2011] (C) Elephant (D) Horse UP UDA/LDA (Pre) 2002] 1. ‘Dharma’ was a conception of 84. The name ‘Aghanya’ mentioned List-I obligations and the discharge in many passages of the Rig Veda (a) Rig Veda (b) Yajurveda of one’s duties to oneself and refers to [UPPCS (Pre) 2017] (c) Samaveda (d) Atharvaveda to others. (A) Priest (B) Women List-II 2. ‘Rita’ was the fundamental (C) Cow (D) Brahmanas 1. Musical hymns moral law governing the func- 85. In the early Rigvedic period, what 2. Hymns and rituals tioning of the universe and all was considered to be the most 3. Charms and spells it contained. valuable property? 4. Hymns and prayers Which of the statements given [UPPCS (Pre) (Re. Exam) 2015] Code above is/are correct? (A) Land (B) Cow (a) (b) (c) (d) (A) Only 1 (B) Only 2 (C) Women (D) Water (A) 4 2 1 3 (C) Both 1 and 2 (D) None of these 86. In context on Indian culture ‘Rit’ (B) 3 2 4 1 95. With reference to the difference means [Chhattisgarh PCS (Pre) 2016] (C) 4 1 2 3 between the culture of Rigvedic (A) Natural law (B) Artificial law (D) 2 3 1 4 Aryans and Indus Valley people, (C) Human law (D) Social law 92. Match the List-I and List-II and which of the following statements choose your answer from the code is/are correct? [IAS (Pre) 2017] 87. In the context of ancient Indian society which one of the following given below. [RAS/RTS (Pre) 2013] 1. Rigvedic Aryans used the coat terms does not belong to the List-I of mail and helmet in warfare category of the other three? (a) Rig Veda (b) Samaveda whereas the people of Indus [Telangana PSC (Pre) 2017] Valley Civilization did not leave (c) Atharvaveda (d) Yajurveda any evidence of using them. (A) Kula (B) Vansha List-II 2. Rigvedic Aryans knew gold, (C) Kosa (D) Gotra 1. Gopatha 2. Shatpatha silver and copper whereas 88. What is the total number of 3. Aitariya 4. Panchvisha Indus Valley people knew only Sanskaras? [MPPCS (Pre) 2015] Code copper and iron. (A) 10 (B) 12 (a) (b) (c) (d) 3. Rigvedic Aryans had domesti- (C) 15 (D) 16 (A) 4 2 3 1 cated the horse whereas there 89. The teacher who taught ‘Ved- (B) 2 4 3 1 is no evidence of Indus Valley Vedanga’ for livelihood, was called (C) 3 4 1 2 people having been aware of [Uttarakhand UDA/LDA (Mains) 2007] (D) 1 2 4 3 this animal. (A) Acharya (B) Adhvaryu 93. Match the List-I and List-II and Select the correct answer using the (C) Upadhyaya (D) Purohita choose the correct answer from the code given below. 90. Match the following. code given below. (A) Only 1 [UPPCS (Pre) 2012] (B) Only 2 and 3 List-I [MPPCS (Pre) 1999] (a) Atharvaveda (b) Rig Veda List-I (Vedic Rivers) (C) Only 1 and 3 (c) Yajurveda (d) Samaveda (a) Kubha (b) Parushni (D) 1, 2 and 3 (c) Sadaneera (d) Shutudri Answer Sheet 1. (B) 2. (A) 3. (D) 4. (D) 5. (A) 6. (C) 7. (C) 8. (A) 9. (A) 10. (A) 11. (C) 12. (C) 13. (D) 14. (D) 15. (B) 16. (B) 17. (D) 18. (B) 19. (D) 20. (C) 21. (C) 22. (B) 23. (A) 24. (A) 25. (C) 26. (C) 27. (A) 28. (D) 29. (C) 30. (B) 31. (A) 32. (D) 33. (B) 34. (A) 35. (B) 36. (C) 37. (B) 38. (D) 39. (C) 40. (D) 41. (A) 42. (B) 43. (C) 44. (D) 45. (D) 46. (A) 47. (B) 48. (D) 49. (B) 50. (A) 10 Objective General Studies 51. (D) 52. (C) 53. (A) 54. (D) 55. (D) 56. (A) 57. (B) 58. (A) 59. (B) 60. (B) 61. (D) 62. (A) 63. (C) 64. (C) 65. (B) 66. (B) 67. (B) 68. (A) 69. (D) 70. (C) 71. (B) 72. (D) 73. (D) 74. (D) 75. (C) 76. (A) 77. (C) 78. (D) 79. (D) 80. (A) 81. (B) 82. (C) 83. (B) 84. (C) 85. (B) 86. (A) 87. (C) 88. (D) 89. (C) 90. (A) 91. (A) 92. (C) 93. (B) 94. (C) 95. (A) 4. Buddhism 1. Gautam Buddha’s Mother was from 9. Where did Mahatma Buddha’s (C) A state of bliss and rest which clan? [UPPCS (Pre) 2008] ‘Mahaparinirvan’ take place? (D) A mental stage beyond all (A) Shakya clan [47th BPSC (Pre) 2005 comprehension UPPCS (Pre) 2011 (B) Maya clan 18. Who was Alara Kalama? 53rd to 55th BPSC (Pre) 2011] (C) Licchavis clan [UPPSC (GIC) 2010] (D) Koliyan clan (A) Lumbini (B) Bodh Gaya (A) A disciple of Buddha (C) Kushinagar (D) Kapilvastu (B) A distinguished Buddhist monk 2. Gautam Buddha was born at [UPPCS (Pre) 2002; MPPCS (Pre) 1992] 10. Gautam Buddha attained ‘Maha- (C) A king of Buddha’s time parinirvana’ in kingdom of (D) A teacher of Buddha (A) Vaishali (B) Lumbini [UPPCS (Pre) 2011] (C) Kapilvastu (D) Patliputra 19. At which place did Mahatma (A) Aung (B) Magadha Buddha give his first ‘Dhamma- 3. When was Gautam Buddha born? (C) Malla (D) Vatsa chakkhapavathana’? [MPPCS (Spl)(Pre) 2004] 11. Gautam Buddha attained Nirvana [53rd to 55th BPSC (Pre) 2011 (A) 563 B.C. (B) 561 B.C. at which place? [MPPCS (Pre) 1997 47th BPSC (Pre) 2005 (C) 558 B.C. (D) 544 B.C. Chhattisgarh PCS (Pre) 2011] UPPCS (Mains) 2004 4. Which of the events of Buddha’s (A) Kusinara (B) Shravasti MPPCS (Pre) 91, 1999] life is known as ‘Mahabhinish- (A) Lumbini (B) Sarnath (C) Lumbini (D) Sarnath kramana’? [UPPCS (Mains) 2014] (C) Pataliputra (D) Vaishali 12. Buddha attained Mahaparinirvana (A) His death 20. Where did Buddha preach his first in the Republic of the (B) His birth [UPPCS (Mains) 2005] sermon? [Jharkhand PCS (Pre) 2013] (C) His departure from home (A) Kashi (B) Sarnath (A) Mallas (B) Lichchavi (D) His attainment of enlight- (C) Kushinagar (D) Bodh Gaya (C) Sakyas (D) Palas enment 21. Who gave his first sermon in 13. Mahaparinirvana Temple is located 5. Which of these is another name of Sarnath? [UPPCS (Pre) 1993] at [UP Lower Sub. (Mains) 2015] Buddha? (A) Mahavir [Chhattisgarh PCS (Pre) 2014] (A) Kushinagar (B) Sarnath (C) Bodh Gaya (D) Shravasti (B) Sankaracharya (A) Parth (B) Prachhanna (C) Mahatma Buddha (C) Siddhartha (D) Gudakesh 14. Who was the last person to get enlightenment from Gautam (D) Guru Nanak 6. From which inscriptions of the 22. Gautama Buddha gave his first Buddha? [UPPCS (Pre) 2013] following dynasty L