Nursing Final Exam PDF

Nursing Final Exam (not cumulative, 53 questions, download word list) 1. Know Erikson stages of development a. 1. Trust vs. Mistrust (Infancy, 0–1 year) i. Baby trusts caregiver bc constantly is cared for w/ milk ii. Mistrust if neglected b...

Nursing Final Exam (not cumulative, 53 questions, download word list) 1. Know Erikson stages of development a. 1. Trust vs. Mistrust (Infancy, 0–1 year) i. Baby trusts caregiver bc constantly is cared for w/ milk ii. Mistrust if neglected b. 2. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt (Early Childhood, 1–3 years) i. Toddler is encouraged to explore environment & use toilet ii. Scolded → doubt their own abilities c. 3. Initiative vs. Guilt (Preschool, 3–6 years)- Take initiative and lead i. Confident in taking leadership if teacher encourages ii. Kid is “bossy” for taking charge of group activity at school d. 4. Industry vs. Inferiority (School Age, 6–12 years) i. A school-aged child works hard to learns a new skill (like playing an instrument) → praised for their efforts and accomplishments, they feel accomplished and competent ii. If the child struggles in school → may lose confidence in their abilities e. 5. Identity vs. Role Confusion (Adolescence, 12–18 years) i. A teenager experiments with different hobbies, styles, and social groups to figure out who they are. ii. Role confusion- uncertain about their future/values f. 6. Intimacy vs. Isolation (Young Adulthood, 18–40 years) i. A young adult forms a deep, committed relationship with a romantic partner, building emotional intimacy and trust. ii. Experience isolation and loneliness. g. 7. Generativity vs. Stagnation (Middle Adulthood, 40–65 years) i. A midlife adult contributes by raising children/mentoring younger colleagues, meaningful work that benefits others/world ii. Experience stagnation → emptiness and dissatisfaction. h. 8. Integrity vs. Despair (Late Adulthood, 65+ years) i. Meaningful life ii. An older adult feeling proud of their achievements → peace. iii. Regrets missed opportunities/ life wasted → despair, bitterness and regret. 2. An emerging adult needs to resolve a crisis, what stage of Erikson do you need to focus on? 👀 a. Intimacy vs Isolation 3. Question- MAYBE Impact of aging on the body?  a. Organ reserve- the capacity of an organ or system to perform beyond its usual level when needed, such as during physical stress or illness. b. Thalamus- regulating sleep, consciousness, and alertness. c. Senescence- the natural process of aging, which leads to a gradual decline in the body's ability to maintain homeostasis. 👀 d. Cerebellum- motor coordination, balance, and fine motor skills 4. Question- MAYBE Impact of aging on the body? a. Homeostasis- the body’s ability to maintain a stable internal environment: regulation of temperature, pH, hydration, glucose levels b. Corpus callosum- connects and coordinates the two hemispheres of the brain, c. Diathesis- predisposition or vulnerability to developing a disorder, often due to genetic factors. It is the underlying susceptibility that may be triggered or worsened by environmental stressors or life experiences. d. Prefrontal cortex- decision-making, planning, problem-solving, impulse control, and judgment. 5. Which of the following is difficult to achieve during emerging adulthood? a. Establishing a Stable, Committed Romantic Relationship 6. What contributes to developing expertise? Expert vs novice a. Time: hours of practice & years of maturity b. Practice: particular to each expertise area c. Climate: radically different across the world d. Other: circumstances, training, genes, ability, and age e. Intuition- past experience f. Automatic- tasks become routine g. Strategic- familiarity in applying knowledge, not just textbook smart (land a plane not a runway but open field or water h. Flexible- creative and curious, experimenting 7. What age would you say, state Professor’s age what would he say not knowing his age, If he is typical, a 45 year old man will probably state he feels ___+ than his chronological age a. half my age b. Older c. 5-10 years younger QUIZLET d. Exactly age 8. Intellectual decline is usually caused by what a. Neurodegenerative Diseases- Alzheimer’s & Parkinson’s disease b. Brain structure & less activity 9. When you fail to achieve generativity, what would it result in? a. Stagnation 10. As we age, how are friendships a. Stagnate b. Dissipate c. Improve 👀 d. Fade 11. Psychosocial erikson question MAYBE Generativity vs. Stagnation a. Intrinsic- b. extrinsic, c. isolation, d. consequential 12. True statement about learning late in life a. Older adults can continue to learn and master new skills, although it may take longer and require different strategies. 13. After you young lady, ageism WORD BY WORD FROM BOOK a. Ageism 14. Selective optimization with compensation, making the most of it, what do they do with driving, what would be an example in this context a. Select to drive only during non-peak traffic hours & daylight b. Optimize by taking a driving refresher course to improve skills. c. Compensate by using lane departure warning systems or adaptive cruise control in their car to enhance safety & GPS d. Drives more slowly 15. Person has strong social connections and communicates throughout adult life, active volunteer in community, what’s most likely to happen now that he’s retired? | Xavier had strong social connections and community ties throughout his adult life, and mentored many individuals while in his careers as a business manager. He was also na active volunteer in his community. Now that he’s retired, Xavier will most likely a. Higher levels of happiness, proud of achievements and reached peace b. become an active volunteer or find other ways to remain socially engaged 16. ERIKSON STAGE a. 17. An 86 year old patient brings his daughter to an appointment, what’s most likely to happen at the appointment? a. Daughter would probably talk more and discuss day-to-day caregiver support activities, such as medication management, appointments, care at home 18. Why does life satisfaction change over the life span a. Changing priorities and goals, young adulthood → education, career, or relationships, Middle Age → family, career stability, and financial security b. Social connections c. Physical health 19. What is theory of social emotional selectivity (Different scenarios that demonstrates this theory) a. As people age and perceive their time as more limited, they prioritize emotionally meaningful experiences and relationships over acquiring new information or broadening their social networks. i. EX: Middle-aged individual diagnosed with a terminal illness chooses to spend their remaining time reconnecting with estranged family members and fulfilling lifelong emotional desires rather than pursuing career ambitions or new hobbies 20. Patient characteristics to understand older adults in health care, what do they present a. Chronic conditions- hypertension, diabetes, arthritis, or heart disease b. Sensory/cognitive impairments- Hearing loss, vision changes, loss of memory 21. Transgender first year of college, what will their self esteem most likely become when they graduate in 4 years a. Higher (based on slides graph) b. Lower c. Exactly the same 22. Study Arnette concept of emerging adulthood a. Period of life between 18-25, having less children and pursuing more education, postpone marriage 23. Which reflects postformal cognitive abilities in adulthood (Scenarios and you pick one) a. A) Samantha is solving a math problem in a textbook and applying a fixed formula to get the correct answer, quickly and without hesitation. b. B) John encounters a complex moral dilemma at work where the right decision isn't clear. He considers the perspectives of his colleagues, thinks about the potential long-term consequences, and understands that there are multiple valid viewpoints, so he chooses the solution that best balances everyone's needs. c. C) Linda reads a news article and remembers specific facts from it, without critically analyzing the context or biases behind the information. d. D) Mike follows a strict rule-based approach to life, believing that all problems have one clear solution based on logical reasoning. 24. Friend of yours is 21 years old, they say what identity that is not developed a. True identity b. Political identity c. Vocational identity (textbook) d. Educational identity 25. Question a. Cognitive flexibility- the ability to adapt thinking and behavior in response to new, changing, or unexpected situations  b. Post conventional thinking- a stage of moral development in which a person makes decisions based on their own personal beliefs, rather than laws or social conventions. c. Effortful control- ability to consciously regulate one’s emotional responses, behavior, and attention in order to achieve a goal or manage a situation effectively d. Stereotype threat- a social psychological phenomenon that occurs when someone is at risk of confirming a negative stereotype about their group (stress & fear → forgetful memory) 26. New ER nurses likely to notice what first? a. A) emerging adults with a variety of injuries QUIZLET, risky behaviors b. B) The importance of paperwork and documentation. c. C) The emotional toll of dealing with difficult patients. d. D) The need to manage hospital resources and inventory. 27. Question a. Emotional flexibility vs inflexibility- regulate emotions i. EX: process the criticism constructively, adjust their behavior, and not react defensively or emotionally. b. Cognitive flexibility vs inflexibility- ability to adapt thinking and problem-solving strategies in response to new, changing, or unexpected information or situations OR stick to a single approach of thinking i. Switch strategies if their initial approach doesn't work, or to consider different angles and solutions to solve the problem. 28. Question a. Massification- establishing institutions of higher learning and college enrollment benefited everyone b. Allostasis- dynamic & long term body adjustment (ex: consistent poor sleep shaves years off lives) c. Organ reserve d. Homeostasis e. Stenosis- narrowing or constriction of a passage or opening in the body, such as blood vessels, heart valves, or the spinal canal f. Diathesis- predisposition or vulnerability to a particular condition, disease, or disorder, often due to genetic, biological, or environmental factors 29. Thinking of adult folks a. Practical- realistic, goal-oriented approach b. Concrete- literal, straightforward approach c. Flexible- ability to adapt to new situations d. Dialectical- truth and reality are often complex and multifaceted 30. Baltes and Baltes, two researchers found that adults using intellectual strengths, however the process declines in the ability of what  a. process information quickly b. selective optimization with compensation 31. Experts tend to be what kind of thinking a. Flexible? 32. What is fluid intelligence? a. Maturation for compensation b. Compensation for maturation and wisdom c. compensatory d. Selective compensation of optimization 33. Different intelligence a. Practical- adaptive, understanding what skills are needed to accomplish challenges b. Crystalized- accumulation of facts, information, and knowledge c. Creative- flexible and innovative, divergent d. Fluid- easier to learn anything and grasp relationships between concepts 34. When children are grown, does married couple have a. More time together → improves relationships b. Less time together c. Like being empty nesters d. More time for work 35. Emerging adulthood focuses on deciding what one wants in terms of vocation, education, etc, what do you call that? a. Identity achievement/exploration 36. Finding a silver lining, what is that thinking called? a. Cognitive reframing 37. True or false questions (2!!) a. Empty Nest i. EX: The "empty nest" phenomenon refers to the time in an adult's life when their children leave home, leading to an increase in personal freedom and often an improvement in the marital relationship. TRUE b. Fluid vs crystallized thinking i. EX: Fluid intelligence, which involves the ability to solve novel problems and think abstractly, tends to improve with age, while crystallized intelligence, based on accumulated knowledge and experience, tends to decline. FALSE 38. Select all that apply a. Socio-emotional selective theory (what is this) i. Older people select familiar social contacts who reinforce their generativity, pride, and joy ii. Time is limited, love for family, old friends, and nature increases  iii. Size of social circle shrinks, close relationships are more important, social convoy 39. Adults are happier because of what? a. If they have a long term partner, affection and care 40. Strength and vulnerability integration theory, explain the paradox of aging by ___ (WORD BY WORD from book) a. Happiness paradox- immigrant elders are happier than native elders b. prospective memory paradox- perform worse on prospective memory tasks (remembering to perform an action in the future) than on retrospective memory c. Emotional well-being improves as physical declines 41. Question a. Altruism- selfless concern for the well-being of others, often manifested in actions that benefit others without expecting any personal gain b. Autonomy- independent choices and decisions without being influenced or controlled by others c. Diffusion- lacks clear direction or commitment regarding their identity d. Generativity- desire to contribute to society and guide future generations 42. Generativity includes what? a. Caregiving, employment, raising children/mentoring younger colleagues, meaningful work that benefits others/world 43. Senescence happens because of organ reserve and ____ a. Homeostasis QUIZLET 44. If we continue to have less children, what would happen to demographic pyramid, a. even out perhaps? More column shaped 45. Emerging adulthood, self esteem what a. Increases b. Decreases c. Does Not exist d. Same 46. Which statement made by your teacher activates stereotype threat a. EX: "This exam will show which gender has better grammatical skills” QUIZLET