Nursing Final Exam: Erikson's Development Stages

The first stage of Erikson's theory (infancy, 0-1 year) where the baby learns to trust caregivers based on consistent care and responsiveness.

The second stage (toddlers, 1-3 years) where children develop a sense of independence through exploration and self-control.

The third stage (preschool, 3-6 years) where children learn to take initiative and lead, developing a sense of purpose and direction.

The fourth stage (school-aged, 6-12 years) where children develop competence and a sense of accomplishment through school and extracurricular activities.

The fifth stage (adolescence, 12-18 years) where teenagers explore different aspects of themselves to create a sense of identity and direction.

The sixth stage (young adulthood, 18-40 years) where adults develop strong emotional connections with others and build intimacy.

The seventh stage (middle adulthood, 40 - 65 years) where adults contribute to society and leave a lasting legacy.

The eighth and final stage (late adulthood, 65+ years) where individuals reflect on their life and find meaning and acceptance.

The ability of an organ or system to function beyond its usual capacity when needed, like during stress or illness.

The natural process of aging, leading to a decline in the body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment (homeostasis).

The body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment, regulating temperature, pH, hydration, and glucose levels.

The part of the brain responsible for higher-level cognitive functions like decision-making, planning, and impulse control.

Achieving mastery in a skill or area, involving factors like time, practice, and personal aptitude.

A gut feeling or instinct based on past experiences and accumulated knowledge.

As we age, friendships may change but can remain strong and supportive.

Prejudice or discrimination against individuals or groups based on their age.

Older adults are capable of learning and mastering new skills, although it may take longer and require different strategies.

Motivation that comes from external sources, such as rewards, praise, or punishments.

A type of extrinsic motivation where actions are driven by the expected consequences, such as rewards or punishments.

A strategy for aging successfully by focusing on strengths, adapting to losses, and using compensatory strategies.

As people age and perceive their time as limited, they prioritize emotionally meaningful experiences and relationships over acquiring new information or broadening their social networks.

Factors that contribute to one's overall sense of well-being in later life, including changing priorities, social connections, and physical health.

Maintaining strong social connections and engagement is crucial for well-being in retirement.

A developmental period between ages 18-25 characterized by a prolonged exploration of identity, education, and career options, often delaying marriage and parenthood.

A higher level of thinking characterized by the ability to consider multiple perspectives, understand that problems can have multiple solutions, and adapt thinking to complex situations.

A key part of one's identity that develops as a young adult, reflecting their sense of self and purpose related to their career aspirations and future work.

The ability to adapt thinking and behavior in response to new, changing, or unexpected situations. It's about being flexible and adaptable in your thinking.

A stage of moral development where decisions are based on personal beliefs and ethical principles, rather than simply following rules or social expectations.

Common health issues that affect older adults, such as hypertension, diabetes, arthritis, and heart disease, often requiring ongoing management and treatment.

Age-related changes in sensory abilities (hearing, vision) and cognitive functions (memory, thinking) that can affect daily life and require adjustments.

The development of self-esteem in transgender individuals often improves significantly over time, especially as they gain affirmation and support in their transition.

The ability to think flexibly, solve new problems, and learn quickly. This type of intelligence tends to peak in early adulthood and decline gradually with age.

Accumulated knowledge and skills acquired throughout life. It reflects our learning and experiences, and tends to increase with age.

The ability to change your perspective on a situation to find a more positive interpretation. It's about finding the 'silver lining' even in difficult circumstances.

The process of actively exploring and committing to values, beliefs, and goals that define who you are. It often involves making decisions about education, career, and personal identity.

The emotional adjustment parents experience when their children leave home. It can be a time of both sadness and newfound freedom, often leading to a strengthening of the marital relationship.

This theory explains the 'happiness paradox' of aging by acknowledging that older adults, despite facing physical and social challenges, often find contentment and meaning in life.

Despite facing age-related challenges, many older adults report high levels of happiness and life satisfaction. This is often attributed to factors like wisdom, social connections, and a focus on meaningful experiences.

The phenomenon where individuals perform worse on tasks requiring them to remember to do something in the future (prospective memory) compared to recalling past events (retrospective memory).

The desire to contribute to society and guide future generations, often manifested through caregiving, meaningful work, and mentoring.

A situation where individuals are at risk of confirming negative stereotypes about their group, which can negatively impact their performance.