Integrated Watershed Management PDF

CHAPTER FIVE INTEGRATED WATERSHED MANAGEMENT  INTEGRATED WATERSHED MANAGEMENT 5. INTEGRATED WATERSHED MANAGEMENT 5.1. Definitions and basic concepts 5.2. Integration and its importance in sustainable watershed management 5.2.1. Natural system integration 5.2.2. Human...

CHAPTER FIVE INTEGRATED WATERSHED MANAGEMENT  INTEGRATED WATERSHED MANAGEMENT 5. INTEGRATED WATERSHED MANAGEMENT 5.1. Definitions and basic concepts 5.2. Integration and its importance in sustainable watershed management 5.2.1. Natural system integration 5.2.2. Human system integration 5.3. Processes of integrated watershed management  5. INTEGRATED WATERSHED MANAGEMENT 5.1. Definitions and basic concepts  Integrated watershed management (IWM) is the process of managing human activities and natural resources on a watershed basis, taking into account social, economic and environmental issues, as well as local community interests and issues such as the impacts of growth and climate change.  IWM is the integration of technologies within the natural boundaries of a drainage area for sustainable development of land, water and plant resources to meet the needs of people and animals.  Cont……  The aim is to improve the livelihoods of communities by increasing their earning capacity through optimal production.  How it involves? It involves controlling floods as well as reducing erosion and sediment accumulation.  Specific land and water conservation practices include water harvesting in ponds, recharging of groundwater, crop diversification (through improved seeds varieties), and integrated nutrient and pest management practices.  Cont….  Major components of Integrated Watershed Management  Management of water resources (e.g., rainwater harvesting); Management of soil resources (soil conservation);  Management of human resources (qualification of resource managers and users, etc.)  Major Objectives of Integrated Watershed Management  Conserve soil, rainwater, and vegetation effectively and harvest the surplus water to create water sources in addition to groundwater recharge.  Promote sustainable farming and stabilize crop yields by adopting suitable soil, water, nutrient management and crop management practices.  Cover the non-arable area effectively through afforestation, horticulture, and pasture land development based on land capability class.  Enhance the income of individuals by adopting alternative enterprises.  Restore ecological balance.  Principles of Integrated Watershed Management  Some of the basic principles of integrated watershed management are:  Utilizing the land according to its capability.  Adequate vegetative cover during the rainy season.  Conserving as much rainwater as possible at the place where it falls.  Draining out excess water with safe velocity and diverting it to storage ponds/recharge ponds for future use.  Effective utilization of surface and groundwater resources.  Cont…  Avoiding gully formation and checking at suitable intervals to control soil erosion and recharge groundwater.  Optimizing productivity per unit area, per unit time, and per unit of water. Adopting integrated soil, water, nutrient, and pest management  Increasing cropping intensity and land equivalent ratio through intercropping and sequential cropping.  Safe utilization of marginal lands through alternative land use systems.  Ensuring sustainability of the ecosystem benefiting the man- animal-plant-land-water complex in the watershed.  Stabilizing total income and cutting down risks during aberrant weather situations.  Improving infrastructural facilities with regard to storage, transportation, and marketing.  GO TO THE PEOPLE LIVE WITH THEM LEARN FROM THEM LOVE THEM START WITH WHAT THEY KNOW BUILD WITH WHAT THEY HAVE WITH THEIR BEST LEADERS WHEN THE WORK IS DONE AND THE TASK ACCOMPLISHED, THE PEOPLE WILL SAY “WE HAVE DONE THIS OURSELVES”