NGN110_lec4_Design.pdf

Lecture 4: Design Process NGN110: Introduction to Engineering and Computing Dr. Fadi Aloul Acknowledgments  This lecture used material from:  Eide et al., “Introduction to Engineering Design and Problem Solving” NGN110: Introduction to Engineering and Computing Dr. Fadi Aloul American University o...

Lecture 4: Design Process NGN110: Introduction to Engineering and Computing Dr. Fadi Aloul Acknowledgments  This lecture used material from:  Eide et al., “Introduction to Engineering Design and Problem Solving” NGN110: Introduction to Engineering and Computing Dr. Fadi Aloul American University of Sharjah Page 2 Engineering Design  Definition from Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology (ABET): Engineering design is the process of devising a system, component, or process to meet desired needs It is a decision-making process (often iterative), in which the basic sciences, mathematics, and engineering sciences are applied to convert resources optimally to meet a stated objective NGN110: Introduction to Engineering and Computing Dr. Fadi Aloul American University of Sharjah Page 3 Bloom’s Six Levels of Complexity of Thinking “Where do we begin in seeking to improve human thinking?” NGN110: Introduction to Engineering and Computing Dr. Fadi Aloul American University of Sharjah Page 4 Bloom’s Six Levels of Complexity of Thinking  Analysis  Break the problem to parts so that the overall structure is understood  Identify relationship between parts Problem subproblems * Teng NGN110: Introduction to Engineering and Computing Dr. Fadi Aloul American University of Sharjah Page 5 Bloom’s Six Levels of Complexity of Thinking  Synthesis  Put parts together to form a new plan or idea Solution Solution to subproblems * Teng NGN110: Introduction to Engineering and Computing Dr. Fadi Aloul American University of Sharjah Page 6 Six Levels of Complexity of Thinking Knowledge Comprehension Application Analysis Synthesis Evaluation NGN110: Introduction to Engineering and Computing Dr. Fadi Aloul American University of Sharjah Page 7 Design Process Is Iterative In Nature 1 Identify the need 10 Communication 9 Specification Continuous and cyclic in nature 2 Define problem 3 Search 4 Constraints 8 Decision 7 Analysis 5 Criteria 6 Alternative solution NGN110: Introduction to Engineering and Computing Dr. Fadi Aloul American University of Sharjah Page 9 Design Process Is Iterative In Nature * Eide NGN110: Introduction to Engineering and Computing Dr. Fadi Aloul American University of Sharjah Page 10 Example - Sketching Stage NGN110: Introduction to Engineering and Computing Dr. Fadi Aloul American University of Sharjah Page 11 Example - Modeling Stage NGN110: Introduction to Engineering and Computing Dr. Fadi Aloul American University of Sharjah Page 12 Example - Building Stage NGN110: Introduction to Engineering and Computing Dr. Fadi Aloul American University of Sharjah Page 13 Design Process Identify the Need  Someone recognizes that some constructive action needs to be initiated  This can be you, your instructor, your manager, or a client Define Problem Search Constraints Criteria Alternative Soln. Analysis Decision Specification Communication NGN110: Introduction to Engineering and Computing Dr. Fadi Aloul American University of Sharjah Page 14 Example – (1) Identify the Need     Dormitories are designed to accommodate two students Equipped with two desks, closets, beds, and shelving units Room is crowded; (imagine if you fit a microwave, oven, chair, television, etc.) There is a need for a system that will utilize better dormitory living space for college and university students NGN110: Introduction to Engineering and Computing Dr. Fadi Aloul American University of Sharjah Page 15 Design Process Identify the Need  Before we think of solutions, make sure the problem we want to solve is well defined  This will help others understand Define Problem Search Constraints Criteria Alternative Soln. Analysis     What needs to be accomplished User specifications Constraints etc. Decision Specification Communication NGN110: Introduction to Engineering and Computing Dr. Fadi Aloul American University of Sharjah Page 16 Example – (2) Define Problem  Possible problem statement Add Lofted Beds to the Dorm NGN110: Introduction to Engineering and Computing Dr. Fadi Aloul American University of Sharjah Page 17 Design Process Identify the Need  Look for several things when beginning to solve most problems.  Example Define Problem Search  Constraints  Criteria  Alternative Soln.  Analysis  Decision  Specification Communication NGN110: Introduction to Engineering and Computing Dr. Fadi Aloul   What has been written about it? Is something already on the market that may solve the problem? What is wrong with the way it is being done? What is right with the way it is being done? Who manufactures the current “solution”? How much does it cost? Will people pay for a better one if it costs more? How much will they pay? American University of Sharjah Page 18 Example – (3) Search  Source of information         Existing solutions Internet Library Government documents Professional organizations Trade journals Vendor catalogs Experts in field NGN110: Introduction to Engineering and Computing Dr. Fadi Aloul American University of Sharjah Page 19 Example – (3) Search  Run Surveys Do you prefer a loft system to the existing dorm furnishing ? Yes 86%, No 14% Would you prefer to have a loft already installed in your room ? Yes 18%, No 82% What would you be willing to pay for a loft system ? < $100: 70%, $100 - $250: 15%, $250 - $500: 10%, >$500: 5% NGN110: Introduction to Engineering and Computing Dr. Fadi Aloul American University of Sharjah Page 20 Example – (3) Search  Advanced Google Search Options NGN110: Introduction to Engineering and Computing Dr. Fadi Aloul American University of Sharjah Page 21 Example – (3) Search  Advanced Google Search Options  Filter by file type e.g..ppt.doc.pdf ….  Filter by domain e.g. aus.edu du.ae … NGN110: Introduction to Engineering and Computing Dr. Fadi Aloul American University of Sharjah Page 22 Example – (3) Search NGN110: Introduction to Engineering and Computing Dr. Fadi Aloul American University of Sharjah Page 23 Design Process Identify the Need  Physical and practical limitations will reduce the number of solutions for any problem  Limitations include  Time,  Budget,  Material,  Personnel,  … Define Problem Search Constraints Criteria Alternative Soln. Analysis Decision Specification Communication NGN110: Introduction to Engineering and Computing Dr. Fadi Aloul American University of Sharjah Page 24 Design Process Identify the Need  Define Problem Search  Constraints Criteria  Criteria are desirable characteristics of the solution which are established from experience, research, market studies, and customer performance Criteria judge alternative solutions Design criteria include   Alternative Soln. Analysis Decision      Specification Communication NGN110: Introduction to Engineering and Computing Dr. Fadi Aloul   Cost Reliability Weight Appearance Ease of operation Compatibility Safety features Noise level, etc… American University of Sharjah Page 25 Example – (5) Criteria NGN110: Introduction to Engineering and Computing Dr. Fadi Aloul American University of Sharjah Page 26 Design Process Identify the Need Define Problem Search  Several techniques can assist in developing a list of possible solutions  Constraints Criteria Alternative Soln. Analysis Decision Specification Communication NGN110: Introduction to Engineering and Computing Dr. Fadi Aloul  Checkoff list Direct your thinking Suggest possible ways for changing an existing solution Brainstorming Leader states problem clearly Invites solutions from team members Free expression is essential Leader sets the tone Equal members of group American University of Sharjah Page 27 Example – (6) Alternative Solutions NGN110: Introduction to Engineering and Computing Dr. Fadi Aloul American University of Sharjah Page 28 Design Process Identify the Need  Analyze alternative solutions  Use mathematical and engineering principles to determine performance of solution Define Problem Search Constraints Criteria Alternative Soln. Analysis Decision Specification Communication NGN110: Introduction to Engineering and Computing Dr. Fadi Aloul American University of Sharjah Page 29 Example – (7) Analysis NGN110: Introduction to Engineering and Computing Dr. Fadi Aloul American University of Sharjah Page 30 Design Process Identify the Need  Collect as much information as possible about each alternative  Seek the best, optimum, value in light of criterion Define Problem Search Constraints Criteria Alternative Soln. Analysis Decision Specification Communication NGN110: Introduction to Engineering and Computing Dr. Fadi Aloul American University of Sharjah Page 31 Example – (8) Decision NGN110: Introduction to Engineering and Computing Dr. Fadi Aloul American University of Sharjah Page 32 Design Process Identify the Need  Once decision is made, engineer must put it in writing  Engineer must utilize written, spoken, and graphical languages in order to interpret and develop specifications Define Problem Search Constraints Criteria Alternative Soln. Analysis Decision Specification Communication NGN110: Introduction to Engineering and Computing Dr. Fadi Aloul American University of Sharjah Page 33 Example – (9) Specification NGN110: Introduction to Engineering and Computing Dr. Fadi Aloul American University of Sharjah Page 34 Example – (9) Specification ITEM AMOUNT COST, $ 2”X4”X16’ 3 18.00 2” X4””X8’ 1 2.89 4”X4”X8’ 4 32.00 1 lb. 2.50 3” deck screws TOTAL: NGN110: Introduction to Engineering and Computing Dr. Fadi Aloul $55.39 American University of Sharjah Page 35 Design Process Identify the Need Define Problem Search  Sell your design   Written report Oral presentation Constraints Criteria Alternative Soln. Analysis Decision Specification Communication NGN110: Introduction to Engineering and Computing Dr. Fadi Aloul American University of Sharjah Page 36 Time Schedule for Design Process   Lists all start/finish dates for each task Estimates length of each task NGN110: Introduction to Engineering and Computing Dr. Fadi Aloul American University of Sharjah Page 37 NGN110 Competition Spring 2018 NGN110: Introduction to Engineering and Computing Dr. Fadi Aloul American University of Sharjah Page 38