Lect_1_Biomed_instru_design_5th_BME_Thi_Qar_Uni_Ali_Basim_Mahdi.pdf

Biomedical instrumentation DESIGN lecture 1 Why it is BIG & RED 1 Biomedical instrumentation design Uni. of Thi-Qar Faculty of Engineering. 5th stage. By Ali Basim Mahdi  Outlines of...

Biomedical instrumentation DESIGN lecture 1 Why it is BIG & RED 1 Biomedical instrumentation design Uni. of Thi-Qar Faculty of Engineering. 5th stage. By Ali Basim Mahdi  Outlines of this lecture are 1- Design 2- Introduction to medical devices Biomedical instrumentation design Uni. of Thi-Qar 2 Faculty of Engineering. 5th stage. By Ali Basim Mahdi  What is Design? Design is a creative planning process that leads to useful products and/or systems. There is no perfect design. Requirements of a design are made up of criteria and constraints. 3 Biomedical instrumentation design Uni. of Thi-Qar Faculty of Engineering. 5th stage. By Ali Basim Mahdi  What is the Design Process? The design process is a purposeful method of planning practical solutions to problems. The design process is never final; there are always multiple solutions to a problem. The design process is influenced by requirements called criteria and constraints. Biomedical instrumentation design Uni. of Thi-Qar 4 Faculty of Engineering. 5th stage. By Ali Basim Mahdi Adopted PLTW® High School Design Process Biomedical instrumentation design Uni. of Thi-Qar 5 Faculty of Engineering. 5th stage. By Ali Basim Mahdi  Adopted GTT Design Process 11 Create or Make 9 Communicate Results 11 Define the Problem 10Refine 8 Improve 2 Brainstorm Research 3 Design and Generate Design Ideas 7 Test and Evaluate 3 Process Research The adopted GTT design process combines several steps. 6 4 Model or Prototype 4 Develop Ideas Identifying Criteria and Constraints 5 Choose Biomedical instrumentation design Uni. of Thi-Qar Faculty of Engineering. 5th stage. 5 Best Idea Explore Possibilities 6 By Ali Basim Mahdi 7 6 Develop a Design Proposal Select an Approach  9 Communicate Results 1 Define the Problem Define the Problem 8 Improve Design 2 Brainstorm Defining the problem is like Design conducting detective (investigation) 7 Test and Process 3 Research Evaluate work. You must examine the 6 Model or Prototype 4 Develop Ideas evidence and form some 5Choose Best Idea conclusions. Examples: Design a medical device can detect DM in early stage Design a medical device can detect cancer in initial stage Design a medical device can treat Hypertension Blood Pressure patient Biomedical instrumentation design Uni. of Thi-Qar 7 Faculty of Engineering. 5th stage. By Ali Basim Mahdi  9 1 Brainstorm Communicate Define the Results Problem 8 Improve Design 2 Brainstorm Design Brainstorming involves bringing 7 Test and Evaluate Process 3 Research a group of people together to 6 Model or Prototype 4 Develop Ideas generate many different ideas. 5Choose Best Idea Examples: Study the historical family Make hormonal analysis Make analyzing for the nutrition habits ALL IDEAS ARE CONSIDERED NONE ARE CRITICIZED! Biomedical instrumentation design Uni. of Thi-Qar Faculty 8 of Engineering. 5th stage. By Ali Basim Mahdi  9 1 Research Communicate Define the Results Problem 8 Improve Design 2 Brainstorm Design Research may require going to the 7 Test and Evaluate Process 3 Research library, using computer databases, 4 writing letters, performing 6 Model or Prototype Develop Ideas experiments, and asking questions. 5Choose Best Idea Examples:  Read books and scientific articles  View scientific films or videos  Search the Internet  Ask questions of the “experts”  Create and analyze a survey Biomedical instrumentation design Uni. of Thi-Qar 9 Faculty of Engineering. 5th stage. By Ali Basim Mahdi  9 1 Develop Ideas Communicate Define the Results Problem 8 Improve Design 2 Brainstorm Design Develop multiple ideas that will 7 Test and Process 3 Research solve the problem and meet the Evaluate requirements. The alternatives may 6 Model or Prototype 4 Develop Ideas all be quite diverse. 5Choose Best Idea Criteria:  How will the solution actually work?  What materials should I use?  What should the product look like so that people will buy it? Constraints:  Will it be completed by the deadline?  What cost, size & ….should it be? Biomedical instrumentation design Uni. of Thi-Qar 10 Faculty of Engineering. 5th stage. By Ali Basim Mahdi  9 1 Choose Best Idea Communicate Define the Results Problem 8 Improve Design 2 Brainstorm Design Decide on an idea that best meets the 7 Test and Evaluate Process 3 Research criteria, fits within the constraints, and has the least amount of negative 6 Model or Prototype 4 Develop Ideas characteristics. 5Choose Best Idea List the strengths and weaknesses of each alternative. Optimization – Making improvements to the design idea for better performance or increased safety Trade-off – Giving up one desirable trait for another (i.e., giving up on using a certain material so that the object is more affordable) Biomedical instrumentation design Uni. of Thi-Qar 11 Faculty of Engineering. 5th stage. By Ali Basim Mahdi  9 1 Model or Prototype Communicate Define the Results Problem 8 Improve Design 2 Brainstorm Design Model building is used to gather 7 Test and Evaluate Process 3 Research additional information and test design ideas. 6 Model or Prototype 4 Develop Ideas Examples: 5Choose Best Idea Realistic drawings or renderings help you visualize what the solution will look like in real life. Scale models or mock-ups are small, accurate representations of the final product. 3D CAD (computer aided designs) can show objects in action. + 3D Printing A prototype is a working model; it looks and functions just like the finished product. 12 Biomedical instrumentation design Uni. of Thi-Qar Faculty of Engineering. 5th stage. By Ali Basim Mahdi  9 1 Test and Evaluate Communicate Define the Results Problem 8 Improve Design 2 Brainstorm Design Models of design solutions must be 7 Test and Evaluate Process 3 Research tested and important questions must be answered during the 6 Model or Prototype 4 Develop Ideas evaluation. 5Choose Best Idea Is it safe for people and the environment? Is it comfortable? Is it affordable? Is it aesthetically pleasing (does it look good)? Will it last as long as it needs to? Does it meet the criteria and constraints? Does it work properly? 13 Biomedical instrumentation design Uni. of Thi-Qar Faculty of Engineering. 5th stage. By Ali Basim Mahdi  9 1 Improve Design Communicate Define the Results Problem 8 Improve Design 2 Brainstorm Design After studying all test data and 7 Test and Evaluate Process 3 Research evaluating design solutions, you 6 Model or Prototype 4 Develop Ideas may need to make changes. 5Choose Best Idea Now is the time to improve a design – before production begins. During the improve design phase, you may consider new ideas. Biomedical instrumentation design Uni. of Thi-Qar Faculty of 14 Engineering. 5th stage. By Ali Basim Mahdi  9 1 Communicate Results Communicate Define the Results Problem 8 Improve Design 2 Brainstorm Design 7 Test and Process 3 Research Share your design ideas with Evaluate others to prove the design is 6 Model or Prototype 4 Develop Ideas worthy of manufacturing. 5Choose Best Idea Examples: Poster Drawings Charts Prototypes PowerPoint presentation Reports Discussion 15 Biomedical instrumentation design Uni. of Thi-Qar Faculty of Engineering. 5th stage. By Ali Basim Mahdi 2nd point: Introduction to medical devices The invention, prototype design, product development, clinical testing, regulatory approval (FDA & CE), manufacturing , marketing, sale of a new medical instrument add up to complex, expensive, and lengthy process. Very few new ideas survive the practical requirements, human barriers, and inevitable setback of this process. Usually there is one person who is in the ‘champion’ of a truly new medical instrument or device. This person( who is not necessarily the inventor) must have a clear vision of the final new product and exactly how it will be used, able to overcome the unexpected technical problems and finally to protect patients. WHO IS THAT? Biomedical instrumentation design Uni. of Thi-Qar 16 Faculty of Engineering. 5th stage. By Ali Basim Mahdi Classification of Biomedical instruments Biomedical instruments can be classified according to different criteria, one of the classification is according to clinical medicine specialty, such as radiology, cardiology, pediatric , ophthalmology, obstetrics or oncology. Therefore , radiology will be the start point to discuss. Biomedical instrumentation design Uni. of Thi-Qar Faculty of 17 Engineering. 5th stage. By Ali Basim Mahdi 18 Biomedical instrumentation design Uni. of Thi-Qar Faculty of Engineering. 5th stage. By Ali Basim Mahdi  Biomedical instrumentation design Uni. of Thi-Qar 19 Faculty of Engineering. 5th stage. By Ali Basim Mahdi  ‫عدة مشاريع تم انجازها ودخلت‬ ‫الخدمة منها مستشفيات حكومية و‬ ‫منها مستشفيات اهلية‬ Biomedical instrumentation design Uni. of Thi-Qar 20 Faculty of Engineering. 5th stage. By Ali Basim Mahdi  ‫المشاريع الصحية التي ترغب وزارة الصحة‬ ‫طرحها لالستثمار‬ Biomedical instrumentation design Uni. of Thi-Qar Faculty of 21 Engineering. 5th stage. By Ali Basim Mahdi  Introduction: Human medicine is the quest for understanding one particular object THE HUMAN BODY, and its structure and function under all conditions of health, illness, and injury. This quest has yielded models of human health and illness that are immensely (very much) useful in preventing disease and disability, detecting and diagnosing illness and injury, and designing therapies to alleviate (lighten, soften, attenuate) pain and suffering, and to restore the body to a state of wellness or, at least, structural and functional capacity. The success of these efforts depends on (a) Our depth of understanding of the human body, (b) The delineation (planning) of ways to intervene (occur) successfully in the progression of the disease and the effects of injuries. 22 Biomedical instrumentation design Uni. of Thi-Qar Faculty of Engineering. 5th stage. By Ali Basim Mahdi  The human body is an incredibly (extremely) complex system. Acquiring data about its static and dynamic properties results in (leads to) massive amounts of information. One of the major CHALLENGES to researchers, clinicians is the question of how to acquire, process, and display vast quantities of information about the body so that the information can be assimilated (collect and digest), interpreted, and utilized to yield more useful diagnostic methods and therapeutic procedures. The presentation of information as IMAGES is the most efficient approach to addressing this challenge. Therefor, physicians rely on images to understand the human body and intervene in the processes of human illness and injury. The use of images to manage and interpret information about biological and medical processes is certain to continue its expansion, not only in clinical medicine but also in the biomedical research enterprise that support it. Biomedical instrumentation design Uni. of 23 Thi-Qar Faculty of Engineering. 5th stage. By Ali Basim Mahdi  Images have variety of information (characteristics) that essential to improve human health through detection and diagnosis of illness and injury. These characteristics are related to the actual 1- structure (anatomy) 2- composition (biology and chemistry) 3- function (physiology and metabolism) of the body. Advances in medical imaging: Advances in medical imaging have specially influential (effects) come from another area notably in the defense and military sectors (ultrasound developed for submarine). Also microelectronics and computer industries funded for security, surveillance, defense, and military purposes. The migration of technologies from other arenas into medicine has not always been successful. For an example, infrared detection devices developed for night vision in military operation have so far not proven to be useful for early detection of breast cancer. Biomedical instrumentation design Uni. of 24 Thi-Qar Faculty of Engineering. 5th stage. By Ali Basim Mahdi  Today, the emphasis in medical imaging shifts to reflect both (a) a deeper understanding of the biology underlying human health and disease and (b) a grown demand for accountability (proven usefulness) of the technologies before they are introduced into clinical medicine. Also unresolved biological questions important to the diagnosis and treatment of the human disease are used to encourage development of new imaging methods. For example, the function of the human brain, along with the causes and mechanisms of various mental disorders such as dementia, depression, and schizophrenia, are among the greatest biological enigmas confronting biomedical scientists and clinicians. The most obvious one is fMRI which is approach to unraveling some of the mysteries related to how the human brain functions in health, disease, and disability. Biomedical instrumentation design Uni. of 25 Thi-Qar Faculty of Engineering. 5th stage. By Ali Basim Mahdi  Increasingly, development continues to turn from single specialty into distinct medical specialty. Medical radiology Diagnostic Radiation radiology oncology Today, imaging is used extensively in radiation oncology to characterize the cancers to be treated, design the plans of treatment, guide the delivery of radiation, monitor the response of the patients to treatment, and follow patients over the long term to assess the success of therapy, occurrence of complications, and frequency of recurrence. 26 Biomedical instrumentation design Uni. of Thi-Qar Faculty of Engineering. 5th stage. By Ali Basim Mahdi  Interventional radiology (ADVANCED) Interventional radiology is a medical sub-specialty of radiology utilizing minimally-invasive image-guided procedures to diagnose and treat diseases in nearly every organ system. The concept behind interventional radiology is to diagnose and treat patients using the least invasive techniques currently available in order to minimize risk to the patient and improve health outcomes. These procedures have less risk, less pain and less recovery time in comparison to open surgery. GIVE EXAMPLES 27 Biomedical instrumentation design Uni. of Thi-Qar Faculty of Engineering. 5th stage. By Ali Basim Mahdi  Imaging in Interventional Pain Management Interventional pain procedures are commonly performed either with image- guidance fluoroscopy, computed tomography (CT), or ultrasound (US) or without image guidance utilizing surface landmarks. Recently, three dimensional rotational angiography (3D-RA) suites also known as flat detector computed tomography (FDCT) or cone beam CT (CBCT) and digital subtraction angiography (DSA) have been introduced as imaging adjuncts. These systems are indicative of a trend toward increased use of specialized visualization techniques. Pain medicine practice guidelines suggest that most procedures require image guidance to improve the accuracy, reproducibility (precision), safety, and diagnostic information derived from the procedure. Biomedical instrumentation design Uni. of Thi-Qar 28 Faculty of Engineering. 5th stage. By Ali Basim Mahdi What’s the definition of the Pain management, pain killer, pain medicine, or pain control? It is a branch of medicine that uses an interdisciplinary approach for easing the suffering and improving the quality of life of those living with chronic pain. OR Pain Management is a medical specialty focused on helping patients deal with chronic pain, or pain that persists months after the healing process has ended – generally three to six months or more. Treatment goals include decreasing the frequency and/or severity of pain, increasing the patient’s level of physical activity, and facilitating a timely return to work, if applicable. 29 Biomedical instrumentation design Uni. of Thi-Qar Faculty of Engineering. 5th stage. By Ali Basim Mahdi Embolization: is a minimally invasive treatment that blocks one or more blood vessels or abnormal vascular channels. In a catheter embolization procedure, medications or synthetic materials called embolic agents are placed through a catheter into a blood vessel to prevent blood flow to the area. Hepatectomy: is the surgical resection (removal of all or part) of the liver. While the term is often employed for the removal of the liver from a liver transplant donor, this article will focus on partial resections of hepatic tissue. A cancer needs a good blood supply to provide itself with food and oxygen and to remove waste products. When it has reached 1 to 2 mm across, a tumour needs to grow its own blood vessels in order to continue to get bigger. Angiogenesis means the growth of new blood vessels. So Anti angiogenic drugs are treatments that stop tumours from growing their own blood vessels. If the drug is able to stop a cancer from growing blood vessels, it might slow the growth of the cancer or sometimes shrink it. Biomedical instrumentation design Uni. of Thi-Qar 30 Faculty of Engineering. 5th stage. By Ali Basim Mahdi