General Electric Lab Report 2024/12/1 PDF

GENERAL ELECTRIC LAB  Applying ohm’s and kirchhoff’s laws introduction: Electrical circuits form the backbone of modern technological advancements, powering everything from household appliances to industrial systems. The study of circuits involves understanding how electrical quantit...

GENERAL ELECTRIC LAB  Applying ohm’s and kirchhoff’s laws introduction: Electrical circuits form the backbone of modern technological advancements, powering everything from household appliances to industrial systems. The study of circuits involves understanding how electrical quantities such as current, voltage, and resistance interact to govern their behavior. This experiment focuses on applying key principles like Ohm's Law and Kirchhoff's Laws, which are essential for analyzing and designing electrical systems. Ohm's Law describes the relationship between voltage, current, and resistance, while Kirchhoff's Laws explain current distribution at junctions and voltage conservation in loops. By constructing and analyzing circuits in both series and parallel configurations, this experiment provides a practical understanding of these concepts. Measurements of current and voltage are taken to validate theoretical predictions and calculate equivalent resistance. The study enhances comprehension of the physical principles underlying circuit behavior and their practical applications in engineering. Through hands-on experimentation, this work emphasizes the importance of precision, analytical thinking, and problem-solving in electrical circuit analysis Objective: o To develop a comprehensive understanding of Ohm’s Law and Kirchhoff's Laws, which form the foundation for analyzing and designing electrical circuits. o To observe the behavior of current, voltage, and resistance in series and parallel configurations and determine their equivalent resistance. o To verify the principle that the algebraic sum of currents at a junction equals zero, demonstrating current conservation in circuits. o To confirm that the sum of voltage drops in a closed loop equals the total applied voltage, ensuring energy conservation within circuits. o To measure and compare experimental data (current, voltage, and resistance) with theoretical calculations to evaluate their consistency. o To gain proficiency in using electrical measuring instruments such as voltmeters and ammeters for accurate circuit analysis. o To connect theoretical concepts with practical applications, improving problem-solving skills and technical understanding of electrical systems. Parameter Theoretical Value Practical Value Difference 1kΩ (2v) 0.002A 0.001A 0.001 1kΩ (4v) 0.004A 0.003A 0.001 1kΩ (6v) 0.006A 0.006A 0 1KΩ (8v) 0.008A 0.007A 0.001 1kΩ (10v) 0.010A 0.009A 0.001 1kΩ (12v) 0.012A 0.012A 0 1kΩ (14v) 0.014A 0.013A 0.001 1kΩ (16v) 0.016A 0.015A 0.001 2kΩ (2v) 0.001A 0.001A 0 2kΩ (4v) 0.002A 0.001A 0.001 2kΩ (6v) 0.003A 0.002A 0.001 2KΩ (8v) 0.004A 0.003A 0.001 2kΩ (10v) 0.005A 0.004A 0.001 2kΩ (12v) 0.006A 0.005A 0.001 2kΩ (14v) 0.007A 0.006A 0.001 2kΩ (16v) 0.008A 0.007A 0.001 kirchhoff’s law: Electric (V) Parameter Theoretical Practical Difference Value Value 15V VR1 2.5V 2.54V 0.04 15V VR2 5V 5.04V 0.04 15V VR3 7.5V 7.34V 0.16 15V I total (A) 0.5A 0.5A 0 Electric Parameter Theoretical Practical Difference (V) Value Value 10V 0.2A 0.197A 0.03 It 10V 0.1A 0.098A 0.002 I1 10V 0.05A 0.049A 0.001 I2 10V 0.05A 0.049A 0.001 I3 Conclusion: The experiment successfully demonstrated the fundamental principles of electrical circuits, including Ohm’s Law and Kirchhoff’s Laws. The practical measurements of current, voltage, and resistance closely matched the theoretical predictions, with minor deviations observed. While the results were generally accurate, they were not perfectly precise, with percentage errors ranging between 1.5% and 4%. The lack of precision can be attributed to several factors: 1. Instrument Limitations: Measuring devices like voltmeters and ammeters have inherent tolerances that can introduce minor errors. 2. Connection Resistance: Additional resistance from connecting wires and contact points slightly impacted the measured values. 3. Power Source Variability: Small fluctuations in the power supply voltage contributed to deviations from theoretical values. 4. Environmental Factors: External factors, such as temperature variations, may have affected the circuit components' performance. Despite these limitations, the experiment validated the theoretical principles within acceptable error margins. It provided valuable insights into circuit behavior and emphasized the importance of accounting for real-world factors in electrical measurements and analysis. References: 1: Electrical and Electronic Technology. Pearson Education, 12th Edition 2: electronic devices and circuit theory 3: Electric Circuits. Pearson, 11th Edition.