Nervous System Kinesiology Study Guide PDF

Name:Ximena Landeros 10/01/2024 Period 1, Kinesiology CNS consists of: Autonomic nervous system:Sympathetic NS, Parasympathetic NS peripheral nervous system:cranial nerves, brachial plexus, spinal nerves, lumbosacral plexus Central nervous system:brain and spinal cord Nerve Cells:fund...

Name:Ximena Landeros 10/01/2024 Period 1, Kinesiology CNS consists of: Autonomic nervous system:Sympathetic NS, Parasympathetic NS peripheral nervous system:cranial nerves, brachial plexus, spinal nerves, lumbosacral plexus Central nervous system:brain and spinal cord Nerve Cells:fundamental unit of nervous system tissue Motor neurons-efferent sensory neurons-afferent interneurons-neuron between neurons Cell Body:most cell organelles Dendrites: Receives impulses from other parts of the NS and transmits them toward cell body Axon:Conductor of impulses away from the body Terminal:distal end of axon, neurotransmitters are released Myelin:Fatty Sheath, surrounds the inner part of axon, increases speed of pulse conduction Node of Ranvier:Gap in myelin sheath Interneuron:found within the CNS, integrates signals from sensory neurons Nerve fiber: conducts nerve impulses from the neuron Tract:group of myelinated nerve fibers within CNS, carries info from area to area Sensory neuron:sends afferent impulses from the periphery to the spinal cord/CNS, located in skin, muscles, viscera, and joints Motor Neuron:conducts efferent impulses from the spinal cord or CNS to the periphery such as muscles, glands,etc. White matter:major tracts in the CNS, contains softly myelinated fibers, found in CNS and PNS Gray Matter:mostly unmyelinated fibers, includes the cerebral cortex and the central portion of the spinal cord, H/Butterfly shape in spinal cord ` Synapse:space between neurons 3 levels of protection: 1.skull and vertebrae 2.meninges, covers the brain, consists of the dura mater(outer), Arachnoid(middle), Pía (inner) 3.cerebrospinal fluid, between arachnoid and Pía mater, shock absorption, is the main function Cerebrum:largest portion, mental functions, divides into 4 lobes, controls speech, learning, personality Frontal lobe:anterior portion, personality, rational thought, decision making, motor movement Parietal lobe:between frontal and occipital, controls sensory and gross sensation, touch and pressure, determines weight, size, shape, reading skills Temporal lobe:under frontal and parietal lobe, behavior, hearing, language reception, understanding, memory Occipital lobe:posterior portion, vision, recognition of size shape, and color Thalamus:relay center, body sensations, where pain is perceived Hypothalamus:hormone function, behavior, temperature basal ganglia:coordination of motor movement brain stem:below the cerebrum, heart rate and respiration Midbrain:visual reflexes Pons:”bridge” between midbrain and medulla Medulla oblongata:controls respiration, blood pressure, and heart rate Cerebellum:controls muscle coordination, tone and posture Corpus Callosum:connects r and l cerebral hemisphere Spinal Cord:info between brain and body, 17 inches Conus Medullaris:end of spinal cord, cone shaped Name:Ximena Landeros 10/01/2024 Period 1, Kinesiology Cauda Equina:collection of nerve roots, L2-S5 PNS:includes nerves outside of the spinal cord, sends motor impulses to the muscles 12 Pairs of Cranial Nerves:some say marry money but my brother says big brains matter more 1.Olfactory nerve, Smell, sensory 2.Optic nerve, vision, sensory 3.Oculomotor nerve, muscles of eyes, motor 4.Trochlear Nerve, muscles of eyes, motor 5.Trigeminal nerve, sensory, Both 6.Abducens nerve, muscles of eyes, motor 7.Facial nerve, sensory of tongue, both 8.Vestibulocochlear, hearing, sensory 9.glossopharyngeal nerve, taste, both 10.vagus nerve, heart, lungs, GI tract, both 11.Accessory nerve or spinal, trapezius muscles, motor 12.Hypoglossal nerve, muscle of tongue, motor 31 Pairs of Spinal Nerves:8 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, 1 coccygeal Dermatomes:area of skin supplied with the sensory fibers of a spinal nerve Myotomes:all the muscles that receive motor innervation from a specific spinal cord Plexus:network of nerves that ranch and combine to form peripheral nerves 3 major plexus:cervical c1-c4, brachial c5-t1, lumbosacral L1-S3 Autonomic nervous system:controls visceral structures, digestion, reproduction, cardi/respi systems Sympathetic nervous system:fight or flight response, stress or simulation, increases heart rate, blood pressure, breathing Parasympathetic Nervous System:conserves energy, decreases heart rate, blood pressure, breathing Label the brain: Label neurons both motor and sensory neurons: Sensory above, Motor above: