NCM 114 01 Introduction To Gerontologic Nursing PDF

NCM 114: Care of the Older Adult INTRODUCTION TO GERONTOLOGIC NURSING Prepared by: MA. ALTHEA O. ILAO, RN Course Instructor “Do you believe that population aging is a mark of the success of humanity?”  I. OVERVIEW OF GERONTOLOGIC NURSING  Focuses on the t...

NCM 114: Care of the Older Adult INTRODUCTION TO GERONTOLOGIC NURSING Prepared by: MA. ALTHEA O. ILAO, RN Course Instructor “Do you believe that population aging is a mark of the success of humanity?”  I. OVERVIEW OF GERONTOLOGIC NURSING  Focuses on the theoretical and practical information about basic and complex concepts and issues relevant to the nursing care of older people across the continuum of care. NCM 114:CARE OF THE OLDER ADULT  I. OVERVIEW OF GERONTOLOGIC NURSING  Course Outcomes 1. Incorporates clinical assessment skills specific to older adults in the context of families, groups and diverse communities. 2. Understands the major roles of the gerontological nurse in a variety of clinical settings from a holistic framework NCM 114:CARE OF THE OLDER ADULT  I. OVERVIEW OF GERONTOLOGIC NURSING  Course Outcomes 3. Reads and reports on evidence based research findings relevant to gerontological nursing practice. 4. Identifies complex nursing care needed to accommodate older adults with acute and chronic illnesses in the context of hospitals, home or community settings. NCM 114:CARE OF THE OLDER ADULT  I. OVERVIEW OF GERONTOLOGIC NURSING  Course Outcomes 5. Maintains accountability to professional nursing values and standards. 6. Communicates effectively with older adult clients, their families, health care professionals, faculty, and other students. NCM 114:CARE OF THE OLDER ADULT  I. OVERVIEW OF GERONTOLOGIC NURSING  Course Outcomes 7. Shows respect and demonstrates a caring way of being with the older population. 8. Demonstrates critical thinking and good judgement. NCM 114:CARE OF THE OLDER ADULT  I. OVERVIEW OF GERONTOLOGIC NURSING  Course Outcomes 9. Promotes health of older adults, demonstrating sensitivity and understanding of their learning needs. 10. Incorporates clinical assessment skills into practice. 11. Provides holistic nursing care safely and competently. NCM 114:CARE OF THE OLDER ADULT PRINCIPLES IN THE CARE OF OLDER PERSONS Wellness Health Promotion Recovery and Rehabilitation Quality of life NCM 114:CARE OF THE OLDER ADULT 9 DEFINITIONS OF “OLD” Who are Older Adults? Chronological age - Young-old: 60 – 74 yo - Middle-old: 75 – 84 yo - Old-old (frail elderly): 85 - 100 yo - Elite old: 0ver 100 yo NCM 114:CARE OF THE OLDER ADULT 10 DEFINITIONS OF “OLD” Biological or physiological aging – refers to the determination of age by body function *Among individuals, vast differences exist between biological and chronological aging NCM 114:CARE OF THE OLDER ADULT 11 THE SPECIALTY OF GERONTOLOGICAL NURSING PRACTICE The specialty of gerontologic nursing has grown in recognition since the baby boomers began to turn 65 years old in 2011. NCM 114:CARE OF THE OLDER ADULT 12 PROFESSIONAL ORIGINS 2 key trailblazers in the development of gerontological nursing are:  Florence Nightingale  Doreen Norton NCM 114:CARE OF THE OLDER ADULT 13 PROFESSIONAL ORIGINS o An anonymous American Journal of Nursing editorial in 1925, “Care of the Aged”, is thought to be one of the earliest calls for a nursing specialty in older adult care. NCM 114:CARE OF THE OLDER ADULT 14 PROFESSIONAL ORIGINS o In 1966, ANA established the Division of Geriatric Nursing Practice and defined Geriatric Nursing as “concerned with the assessment of nursing needs of older people, planning and implementing nursing care to meet those needs; and evaluating the effectiveness of such care.” NCM 114:CARE OF THE OLDER ADULT 15 PROFESSIONAL ORIGINS o In 1976, it was changed to The Division of Gerontologic Nursing Practice to reflect the nursing roles of providing care to healthy, ill and frail older persons which later on became The Council of Gerontologic Nursing in 1984 NCM 114:CARE OF THE OLDER ADULT 16 History of Gerontological Nursing 1960s: ANA forms Gerontological nursing specialty 1970s: Veterans Administration (VA) funds Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center 1980s: The National Gerontological Nursing Association (NGNA) was established 1990s: Hartford Foundation Institute for Geriatric Nursing established at NYU 21st century: “baby boomers” begin turning 65; growing interest in Gerontological care. NCM 114:CARE OF THE OLDER ADULT 17 Gerontological Nursing Organization in PH The Gerontology Nurses Association of the Philippines (GNAP) was officially launched on August 28, 2008 at the Philippine General Hospital. https://www.facebook.com/ GNAPhilippines2021 NCM 114:CARE OF THE OLDER ADULT 18 Definition of Terms Any discussion of older adult nursing is complicated by the wide variety of terms used interchangeably to describe the specialty. Geriatrics Gerontology From the Greek geras, From the Greek geron, meaning “old age”. meaning “old man”. The branch of medicine that Is the scientific study of the deals with the diseases and process of aging and the problems of old age. problems of older adults; it Generic term relating to includes biologic, sociologic, older adults. psychological and economic aspects. NCM 114:CARE OF THE OLDER ADULT 19 Definition of Terms Gerontologic Gerontic Nursing Nursing Specialty of nursing that involves nurses Developed by Gunter and Estes in advocating for the holistic care of older 1979 adults. This includes assessing the health Connotes the nursing of older and functional status of older adults, persons – the art and practice of planning and implementing health care nurturing, caring, and and services to meet identified needs, comforting. and evaluating the effectiveness of such This term has not gained wide care. acceptance, but some view it as a From “old age” until death more appropriate description of the specialty Most often used by nurses specializing in this field. NCM 114:CARE OF THE OLDER ADULT 20 Definition of Terms Gerontic Nursing Clinical Tip: Geriatrics refers to the medical care of the aged, while Gerontologic gerontological /Gerontological Geriatric Nursing Nursing (Ill Elderly) nursing is the (Normal Elderly) preferred term for this nursing specialty. Curative /Palliative Promotive/Preventive of Care Care NCM 114:CARE OF THE OLDER ADULT 21 WHY STUDY GERONTOLOGIC NURSING? 1.Growth Population - In 2022, there were 771 million people aged 65+ years globally, accounting for almost 10% of the world’s population. - Filipinos 60 y.o. and older comprised 8.5% of the total population or 9.2M (2020 PH Census) - Aging index is at 27.6% or 1:4 ratio of older adult to children. NCM 114:CARE OF THE OLDER ADULT 22 WHY STUDY GERONTOLOGIC NURSING? 2. Epidemiologic Shift - changing patterns of population distributions in relation to changing patterns of mortality, fertility, life expectancy, and leading causes of death. - Communicable to Non- communicable diseases - “People are living longer – but with more disability” NCM 114:CARE OF THE OLDER ADULT 23 WHY STUDY GERONTOLOGIC NURSING? 3. Cultural Difficulties - “diversity” of culture; population is becoming more racially and ethnically diverse - Home-based care - “Ageism” NCM 114:CARE OF THE OLDER ADULT 24 WHY STUDY GERONTOLOGIC NURSING? 4. Atypical Response - Older adults don’t respond to illness normally - Elders may not show the classic signs of infections; instead there may be an abrupt change in their mental status. - Confusion, Restlessness, ALOC NCM 114:CARE OF THE OLDER ADULT 25  WHY STUDY GERONTOLOGIC NURSING? 2. Epdemiologic Shift - changing patterns of population distributions in relation to changing patterns of mortality, fertility, life expectancy, and leading causes of death. - Communicable to Non- communicable diseases - “People are living longer – but with more disability” Source: www.psa.gov.ph; Census of Population and Housing NCM 114:CARE OF THE OLDER ADULT 26 THE AGING POPULATION - Aging of population (also known as demographic aging, and population aging) is a summary term for shifts in the age distribution (i.e., age structure) of a population toward older ages. - Countries all over the world are facing demographic aging. In the US, we often speak of “the graying of America,” but all nations are soon will be faced with important issues regarding the provision of healthcare to older persons. NCM 114:CARE OF THE OLDER ADULT 27 THE SUCCESSFUL AGING  Successful aging is defined as “the ability to maintain three key behaviors or characteristics: - a low risk of disease and disease-related disability; - high mental and physical function; and - active engagement in life.” NCM 114:CARE OF THE OLDER ADULT 28 Source: https://www.macrotrends.net/global-metrics/countries/PHL/philippines/life-expectancy NCM 114:CARE OF THE OLDER ADULT 29 Source: https://www.macrotrends.net/global-metrics/countries/PHL/philippines/fertility-rate NCM 114:CARE OF THE OLDER ADULT 30 ATTITUDES TOWARDS AGING TV, Media, Newspaper, Film Industry, Commercials and Ads Observation of family members, friends, neighbors and your own experience with older adults. Aging myths and realities; separate fact from fiction. NCM 114:CARE OF THE OLDER ADULT 31 ATTITUDES TOWARDS AGING Ageism: negative attitude toward aging or older adults; can be seen as a process of systematic stereotyping of and discrimination against people because they are old. NCM 114:CARE OF THE OLDER ADULT 32 ATTITUDES TOWARDS AGING Three major misconceptions about aging: 1. Disease in old age is normal 2. Older adults have no future and therefore health promotion efforts are wasted 3. Damage to health from poor diet and inactivity is irreversible. NCM 114:CARE OF THE OLDER ADULT 33 ATTITUDES TOWARDS AGING Three major misconceptions about aging: 1. Disease in old age is normal 2. Older adults have no future and therefore health promotion efforts are wasted 3. Damage to health from poor diet and inactivity is irreversible. NCM 114:CARE OF THE OLDER ADULT 34 Scope & Standards of Practice Scope of Nursing Practice - Defined by state regulation - Influenced by the complex and multifaceted needs of the population being served - Depends on the setting in which the nurse practice NCM 114:CARE OF THE OLDER ADULT 35 Scope & Standards of Practice  Scope of Nursing Practice American Nurses Credentialing Center (ANCC) defines practice for the gerontological nurse as follows: 1. Gerontological nurses specialize in the nursing care and the health needs of older adults. 2. They plan, manage and implement health care to meet those needs, and evaluate the effectiveness of such care. 3. The nurse’s primary challenge is to identify and use the strengths of older adults and assist them in maximizing their independence. 4. Nurses actively involve older adults and family members as much as possible in the decision-making process, which has an impact on the quality of their clients everyday life. NCM 114:CARE OF THE OLDER ADULT 36 Scope & Standards of Practice  Scope of Nursing Practice in the Philippines Stipulated in Article VI Sec. 28 of R.A. 9173, otherwise known as “The Philippine Nursing Act of 2002” An act providing for a more responsive nursing profession, repealing for the purpose republic act no. 7164, otherwise known as "the philippine nursing act of 1991" and for other purposes. NCM 114:CARE OF THE OLDER ADULT 37 Scope & Standards of Practice Standards of Nursing Practice - Developed by the nursing profession - These standards are divided into clinical care and the role of the professional nurse - There are six standards: Assessment, Diagnosis, Outcome Identification, Planning, Implementation, Evaluation NCM 114:CARE OF THE OLDER ADULT 38 Scope & Standards of Practice Standards of Clinical Gerontological Nursing Care Standard I: ASSESSMENT - The gerontological nurse collects patient health data. Standard II: DIAGNOSIS – The gerontological nurse analyzes the assessment data in determining the diagnosis NCM 114:CARE OF THE OLDER ADULT 39 Scope & Standards of Practice Standards of Clinical Gerontological Nursing Care Standard III: OUTCOME IDENTIFICATION - The gerontological nurse identifies expected outcomes individualized to the older adult. Standard IV: PLANNING – The gerontological nurse develops a plan of care that prescribes interventions to attain expected outcomes. NCM 114:CARE OF THE OLDER ADULT 40 Scope & Standards of Practice Standards of Clinical Gerontological Nursing Care Standard V: IMPLEMENTATION- The gerontological nurse implements the interventions identified in the plan of care Standard VI: EVALUATION – The gerontological nurse evaluated the older adult’s progress toward attainment of expected outcomes. NCM 114:CARE OF THE OLDER ADULT 41 Roles of the Gerontological Nurse Direct – care provider Teacher Leader Advocate Evidence – based clinician NCM 114:CARE OF THE OLDER ADULT 42 Roles of the Gerontological Nurse (by setting) Skilled Nursing Facilities Retirement Communities Adult Day Care Residential Care Facilities Rehabilitation Hospitals or facilities Community nursing care NCM 114:CARE OF THE OLDER ADULT 43 Certifications Generalist Certification Clinical Nurse Specialist Nurse Practitioner/ Advanced Practice Certification NCM 114:CARE OF THE OLDER ADULT 44 Gerontological nursing is a specialty practice that focuses on the unique Summary needs of older adults and their families. It requires specialized knowledge in the art and science of nursing, coupled with Gerontological nursing best practices, to manage the complex needs of this population. Focusing on the individualization of the aging person, nurses should explore the multiple career options in this rewarding, exciting, creative, and uniquely innovative field of Gerontological nursing. NCM 114:CARE OF THE OLDER ADULT 45 “Youth is not a time of life; it is a state of mind. Not a matter of rosy cheeks, red lips and supple knees; it is a matter of will. Years may wrinkle the skin, but to give up enthusiasm wrinkles the soul. When the aerials are down and your spirit is covered with snows of cynicism and the ice of pessimism, then you are grown old even at twenty, but as long as your aerials are up to catch the waves of optimism, there is hope you may die young at eighty.” -Samuel Ullman, “YOUTH” NCM 114:CARE OF THE OLDER ADULT 46 THANK YOU Ma. Althea O. Ilao, RN [email protected] NCM 114:CARE OF THE OLDER ADULT 47