NCM-114-Students-Notes.pdf

NCM 114 ( GERIATRICS / CARE OF THE OLDER ADULT) What is Geriatrics? What is a GERIATRIC NURSE? - it comes for the greek word “GERON” (old man) and - is a type of nurse that helps care specifically for “IATRON” (healer)...

NCM 114 ( GERIATRICS / CARE OF THE OLDER ADULT) What is Geriatrics? What is a GERIATRIC NURSE? - it comes for the greek word “GERON” (old man) and - is a type of nurse that helps care specifically for “IATRON” (healer) aging and elderly individuals - A branch of health care dealing with the problems of -they are trained to be able to perform traditional aging and its diseases, so it aims to promote the health nursing duties (implementation of treatment plans, and well-being of an older adult maintaining quality of life), and attend to special needs of the elderly people Other Names for Older Adult  Geriatrics Landmarks in the Development of Gerontological  Aging Nursing  Aged  Over-the-hill  1902 - American Journal of Nursing(AJN)  Senescent publishes first geriatric article by a physician  Elderly  Senior / Senior Citizen  1904 - AJN publishes first geriatric article by a Registered Nurse What is Aging? - it is the process of growing old  1925 - AJN considers geriatric nursing as a potential specialty - it is not only the passage of time or number of years/age you have, It is also the manifestation of  1950 - First geriatric nursing textbook, Geriatric biological events that occur in a span of time Nursing (Newton), published. First master’s in geriatric nursing completed by Eleanor Pingrey. -people age differently. there is change happening in the human body through the process or over a period  1970 - ANA creates the Standard of Practice for of time, some human body systems slow down, while Geriatric Nursing other lose their “fine tuning”  1976 - ANA Geriatric Nursing Division changes - In general, slight/gradual changes are common and name to Gerontological Nursing Division expected as you age.  1984 - National Gerontological Nursing Gerontological Nursing Association (NGNA) established. Gerontology - a study of aging ( includes  1987 - ANA Revises Standards and Scope of psychological, cognitive, physical and biological Gerontological Nursing Practice. aspects of aging).  2004 - American Nurses Credentialing Center’s Ageism first computerized generalist certification exam is - stereotyping and discrimination against individuals or for the gerontological nurse groups based on their age (especially older people)  2005 - Journal of Gerontological Nursing - the term was invented by Robert Neil Butler in 1969 to Celebrates 30 years. describe discrimination against seniors, and patterned on sexism (sex/gender discrimination) and racism  2008 - Geriatric Nursing journal celebrates 30 (race/ethnic group discrimination) years of Gerontological Nursing Research emerges. 7 common signs of Aging: Older Age divided into 3: 1. Fine lines and wrinkles - most common and evident signs of aging for men 1. Young old - (65-74 of age) and women. 2. Middle old - (75-84 of age) 3. Very old, or frail old - (85 years onwards) 2. Dullness of the skin - youthful glow skin slowly fades as you age. Subfields of Gerontology 3. Uneven skin tone 1. Social gerontology- is concerned mainly with the 4. Dry skin social aspects of aging versus the biological or psychological. 5.Blotchiness and age spots 6. Rough skin texture 7. Visible pores 1 2. Geropsychology - is a branch of psychology Aging in the Philippines concerned with helping older persons and their families maintain well being, overcome problems and 2020 census according to PSA achieve maximum potential during later life. - 9.22 million senior citizens in the country (this comprises 8.5% of the total population) 3. Geropharmacology- the study of drugs/medication - There were more females (55.5%) than males as it relates to older adults. (44.5%) 4. Financial gerontology- is another emerging subfield Top 5 Regions with Highest Number of Senior that combines knowledge of financial planning and Citizens services with a special expertise in the needs of older 1. Calabarzon - 13.3% of the total population adults. 2. Central Luzon - 11.6% of the total population 3. Metro Manila - 11.3% of the total population 5. Gerontological rehabilitation nursing - combines 4. Western Visayas - 9.4% of the total population expertise in gerontological nursing with rehabilitation 5. Central Visayas - 8.2% of the total population concepts and practice ___________________________________________ 2 Regions with Lowest Number of Senior Citizens 1. Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR) - 1.8% of Roles of the Gerontological Nurse the total population 2. Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim 1. Provider of care Mindanao (BARMM) - 1.5% of the total population 2. Teacher 3. Manager Oldest Filipino 4. Advocate Francisca Susano - 124 yrs old from Negros 5. Research Consumer Occidental - born on September 11, 1897 1. Provider of Care - died on November 22, 2021 - Gives direct hands-on care in a variety of settings __________________________________________ (may it be through giving medications, doing the bedside care and other treatment plans that should be Top 10 Countries with the Largest Number of implemented). Older Adults 2. Teacher 1. Japan 6. Germany 9. France - An essential part of all nursing is teaching. It focuses 2. Italy 7. Bulgaria 10. Latvia on modifiable risk factors and health promotion. 3. Finland 8. Croatia - educating them through lifestyle modifications such as a healthy diet, stop smoking, increased physical Top causes of death among people aged 60 and activity, and stress management. above 3. Manager  According to the 2014 Philippine Health Statistics - Act as managers during everyday practice as they compiled by the Department of Health balance the concerns of the patient, family, nursing, and the rest of the interdisciplinary team.  Heart disease  Hypertension 4. Advocate  Cardiac Arrest - Acts on behalf of older adults to promote their best  Respiratory disease interests and strengthen their autonomy and decision  Endocrine disease making.  Neoplasms such as cancers and tumors  Infectious disease - Advocacy may come from different forms, including  Parasitic disease active involvement at the sociopolitical level or helping to explain medical or nursing procedures to family Top 10 Causes of Death among Filipinos aged 60 members on their level of understanding. and above 5. Research Consumer 1. Diseases of the Circulatory System - A nurse must remain abreast/informed of the current 2. Diseases of the Respiratory System research or trend putting it into practice from the 3. Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases results of reliable and valid studies through research. 4. Neoplasms 5. Certain infectious and parasitic diseases 6. Diseases of the Genitourinary System 7. Diseases of Digestive System 8. Diseases of the Nervous System 9. Diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs 10. Certain disorders involving the immune mechanism 2 Reasons Why?  In the use of services in commercial and government establishments, there should be an  Because they have greater vulnerability to express lane for senior citizens’ exclusive use diseases. Senior citizens need greater access to health care facilities and treatments. Not all senior  A senior citizen who wants to pursue post- citizens can afford or have to access to such secondary, tertiary, post-tertiary or technical- facilities vocational education in public and private schools is entitled to education assistance through  According to Lydia Manahan, a professorial scholarships, financial aids and other means. lecturer at the University of the Philippines Manila College of Nursing and a member of the  Seniors are also exempted from training fees for university's Institute on Aging, the reasons why socioeconomic programs. some senior citizens experience poverty can be categorized into two: non-modifiable and  Senior citizens are exempted from paying modifiable individual income taxes, provided that they are minimum wage earners, in accordance with RA Non modifiable for old age poverty: Old age, 9504 (Internal Revenue Code of 1997). being a woman or man and inherent poverty  Upon death, seniors’ funeral and burial expenses Modifiable for old age property: Poor health, are discounted and VAT-exempt. lack of preparation for old age, lack of financial literacy, abusive children, poor pension plan  Their nearest surviving relative can also receive quality and poor government plans that senior from the state a minimum P2,000 death benefit citizen needs assistance.  All these benefits are apart from the current Reasons for modifiable because individuals can invest pensions that senior citizens already receive from or change to become physically fit and healthy, the Government Service Insurance System and financially stable, and raise children who will take care the Social Security System upon retirement as of them as they grow old. She noted that governments well as death-related benefits. could still improve services and the pension system for the elderly.  The 20 percent discount is good only in the malls and groceries, but not all senior citizens can According to her, Poverty plays a very crucial reason afford to go to the mall. Is it possible to have the in not having a good quality of life.The quality of life of discount in carinderias and sari-sari stores?” the family will have an impact on the quality of life of Manahan asked. She noted that the large malls the older persons. can get tax exemptions for such discounts, but can the neighborhood sari-sari or convenience store do the same? Senior Citizens’ Benefits  There are bills seeking to amend RA 9994 to  Expanded Senior Citizens Act of 2010 increase the social pension for indigents from the current P6,000 annually to P12,000. It will also  Senior citizens are entitled to a 20% discount expand the coverage to include senior citizens who are not enrolled to any pension program  Exemption from value-added tax (VAT) on medicines, professional fees from private  President Duterte also recently signed the law hospitals, home care providers and other health- creating the National Commission for Senior care facilities, medical and dental services, and Citizens, which will enable the government to diagnostic and laboratory fees. further expand its health and rehabilitation, educational and socio-economic programs for the  They should also be able to receive these elderly. services as well as vaccination for free in all government hospitals and health-care facilities through the Philippine Health Insurance Corp. or PhilHealth.  The 20% discount and VAT exemption also cover fares in all forms of public transportation and the use of services in hotels, restaurants, recreational centers, theaters, cinemas, and other leisure and entertainment centers. 3