Introduction to Gerontological Nursing PDF

CARE OF OLDER ADULT | NCM 114 INTRODUCTION, HISTORY & PIONEERS, SCOPES & STANDARDS, DEFINITIONS, AND PRACTICE SETTINGS GERONTOLOGICAL NURSING Preparing for the future Used to called “Geriatric”...

CARE OF OLDER ADULT | NCM 114 INTRODUCTION, HISTORY & PIONEERS, SCOPES & STANDARDS, DEFINITIONS, AND PRACTICE SETTINGS GERONTOLOGICAL NURSING Preparing for the future Used to called “Geriatric” Recognizing the importance of rehabilitation A nursing sub-specialty for older patients Being aware of the need to undertake research It involves the health and functional status of older adults, VERA MCIVER planning and implementing health care and services to meet Introduced physical and social activities to enhance their life the identified needs and evaluating the effectiveness of such care. DORIS SCHWARTZ The only woman to participate in the WHO Committee on FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE THE ATTITUDE TOWARDS THE AGED Aging and Geriatric Care (1965, Geneva) 1. Age Wrote a letter in the early 1980s about the lack of clinical 2. Gender research in tying up patients and its inhumane effect 3. Educational Background 4. Living or spending time with an older person MARY OPAL WOLANIN GERONTOLOGICAL NURSING VS. GERIATRIC NURSING Author of Confusion: Prevention and Care Table 1. Gerontological Nursing vs. Geriatric Nursing Gerontologic Nurse of the Year (1982) GERONTOLOGICAL GERIATRIC SCOPE AND STANDARDS OF GERONTOLOGICAL NURSING PRACTICE Focus on medical care Table 2. Scope and Standards of Gerontological Nursing Practice Focus on aging process and of the aged (acute and chronic SCOPE STANDARDS the aged (old people) illnesses of old people) Assessment Quality of Care AGING PROCESS Diagnosis Performance Appraisals Outcome Identification Education BIOLOGICAL Planning Collegiality Bone and muscle loss Implementation Ethics Lungs lose their ability to take in air, respiratory efficiency Evaluation Collaboration declines Research Functions of the cardiovascular and renal systems decline Research Utilization Number of brain cells decline, brain mass STANDARDS OF GERONTOLOGICAL NURSING PRACTICE Vision & hearing decline QUALITY OF CARE PHYSIOLOGICAL Health services increase likelihood of desired health outcomes Loss of cell turnover It should be: function of mucous membranes a. Effective (no overuse/underuse of treatment) Cachexia (muscle loss) b. Safe (do no harm to your patient) Cerebral atrophy (mild memory loss, difficulty reading and c. People-centered (consider patient’s values, beliefs) talking PERFORMANCE APPRAISALS PSYCHOLOGICAL You have to review or evaluate your employee’s performance Mental and emotional d/o Dementia (forgetfulness, aggression, unsocial behavior, EDUCATION difficulty concentrating) Even if the nurse has graduated, they should still continue their Learning and memory decline studies/education BEHAVIORAL COLLEGIALITY Boredom in retirement (difficulty in transition) We work with other staff to meet our goals Anxiety, depression (lack of social life) There should be proper communication and good relationship Worry if they can afford care in the future due to limited funds with colleagues Struggle in maintaining the home ETHICS SOCIAL Ethics are important for it is where we base our clinical Decreased social contact judgments HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT OF GERONTOLOGICAL NURSING COLLABORATION PIONEERS IN GERONTOLOGICAL NURSING RESEARCH Improves the health and quality of life of older adults FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE First geriatric nurse RESEARCH UTILIZATION Care of Sick Gentlewomen in Distressed Circumstances Integrates research finding DOREEN NORTON DEFINITION REVIEW Focused career on care of the aged GERONTOLOGY Described advantages of learning geriatric care in basic From the Greek word “geron” (old man) education A scientific study of the process of aging and the problems of Learning patience, tolerance, understanding and basic nursing older adults skills Witnessing the terminal stages of disease and importance of skilled nursing care LAMAGON | BSN 3A  CARE OF OLDER ADULT | NCM 114 INTRODUCTION, HISTORY & PIONEERS, SCOPES & STANDARDS, DEFINITIONS, AND PRACTICE SETTINGS GERIATRIC o Alzheimer’s Care From the Greek word “geras” o Hospice A branch of medicine that deals with diseases and problems of Rehabilitation old age Community GERIATRIC NURSING o Home Health Care o Foster Care or Group Homes Developed by Gunter and Estes in 1979 o Independent Living Not limited to diseases or scientific principles o Adult Day Care Nursing of older persons The art and practice of nurturing, caring and comforting CONTINUUM OF CARE AGEISM ACUTE CARE HOSPITALS Discrimination based on age Often the point of entry into the health care system Nurses care for older adults OLD Admits older people except in L&D, postpartum & pediatrics People who are living for a long period of time ACUTE REHABILITATION Chronological age o Young-old: 65 – 74 Found in several settings including acute care hospitals, o Middle-old: 75 – 84 subacute care (transitional care), & LTCF’s o Old-old (frail elderly): 85+ Goals are to maximize independence, promote maximal function, prevent complications, & promote quality of life BIOLOGICAL AGE within a person’s strengths & limitations Age with respect to individual functioning of the systems HOME HEALTH CARE EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE (EBP) For home-bound due to severity of illness or immobility Makes use of latest scientific evidence and analyzes it to Usually done by a visiting nurse incorporate it into nursing practice LONG TERM CARE FACILITY SCOPE OF PRACTICE Referred to as nursing homes Activities that a person licensed to practice as a health professional permitted to perform Provides support to persons of any age who lost some or all capacity for self-care BASED ON THE FOLLOWING CRITERIA Nurses provide planning & oversee residents 1. Education o Maintain the functional & nutritional status of residents 2. Training while preventing complications of impaired mobility 3. Experience 4. Special qualification HOSPICE To care for the dying and their families EXPECTED TO BE SKILLED AT Centered on holistic, interdisciplinary care to help the dying 1. Patient care “live until they die” 2. Treatment planning Provide quality care until the last months, weeks, days or hours 3. Education of their life 4. Mental health 5. Rehabilitation RESPITE CARE CULTURALLY COMPETENT CARE Provides care to give caregivers a break A care that respects diversity in the patient population and Can be done in a daycare center, at home, or ALF’s cultural factors that can affect health and healthcare such as CONTINUING CARE RETIREMENT COMMUNITY (CCRC) language, communication styles, beliefs, attitudes, and Provides continuum of care from independent living to skilled behaviors care all within a single campus, with levels of care adjusted to Traditional Chinese Medication (TCM): individual needs o Acupuncture Patients can move seamlessly among independent living, o Herbal Medicines assisted living, skilled care, or long term care as their condition o Meditation warrants COLLABORATIVE EFFORT ASSISTED LIVING FACILITIES a. Autonomy Alternative for those who don’t feel safe being alone b. Wellness For those who needs help with ADL’s c. Optimal functioning May be connected to a LTCF d. Comfort Provides healthy meals, planned activities, places to walk & e. Quality of life exercise, and pleasant surroundings PRACTICE SETTINGS FOSTER CARE OR GROUP HOMES Acute Care Hospital For those who can do ADL’s but with issues safety that requires Long-Term Care supervision o Assisted Living Offers more personalized supervision in a smaller, more family o Intermediate Care like environment o Subacute or Transitional Care o Skilled Care LAMAGON | BSN 3A  CARE OF OLDER ADULT | NCM 114 INTRODUCTION, HISTORY & PIONEERS, SCOPES & STANDARDS, DEFINITIONS, AND PRACTICE SETTINGS GREEN HOUSE CONCEPT Primary purpose is to serve as a place where elders can receive assistance and support with ADL’s & clinical care without the assistance becoming the focus of existence Older people retain control of ADL’s ADULT DAYCARE For older adults who are unable to remain at home unsupervised Used by family members who care for the older person in their homes Community based program designed to meet the needs of functionally and/or cognitively impaired adults through individual plan of care in protective setting Programs may be sponsored to provide socialization, meals, & therapeutic activities ROLES OF THE GERONTOLOGICAL NURSE Provider of Care Teacher Manager Advocate Research Consumer LAMAGON | BSN 3A