Nationalism in India Class 10 Notes PDF

Revision Notes Class 10 Social Science - History Chapter 2 – Nationalism in India Mahatma Gandhi’s Role in Nationalism Mahatma Gandhi returned to India from South Africa in 1915. His method was known as Satyagraha, which means Agitation for Truth. He...

Revision Notes Class 10 Social Science - History Chapter 2 – Nationalism in India Mahatma Gandhi’s Role in Nationalism Mahatma Gandhi returned to India from South Africa in 1915. His method was known as Satyagraha, which means Agitation for Truth. He organised the Champaran Satyagraha to support the oppressed plantation workers in 1917. He went to Kheda to show support to the peasants in 1918 with Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel. The Jallianwala Bagh Massacre The British government passed the Rowlatt Act in 1919 which gave them the power to repress any political activities and authorized the detention of any political prisoners without trials for up to 2 years. On 13th April 1919, the villagers attended the Baisakhi fair at the Jallianwala Bagh when there was countrywide martial law. General Dyer blocked the only entry/exit of the park and open fire at the civilians. He ordered open fire which killed thousands of men, women, and children. This brutal act enraged other Indians. There were nation-wide partials, attacks on government buildings, and clashes. Khilafat Movement The Khilafat Committee was formed in Bombay and Mahatma Gandhi supported it. It was started by Shaukat Ali and Muhammad Ali. The Salt March Mahatma Gandhi demanded from Lord Irwin, the Viceroy of India which included the abolishment of the Salt tax. He began the Salt March with 78 volunteers from Sabarmati Ashram to Dandi to manufacture salt. Class X History www.vedantu.com 1 The Poona Pact The Dalits refused to participate in the movement without separate electorates and reservation of seats. Dr. Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar formed the Depressed Classes Association and signed the Poona Pact with the Congress in 1932 Important Questions and Answers 1. Explain the three main events that took place under Gandhi's Satyagraha Movement. Ans: The three main events that took place under Gandhi's Satyagraha movement were as follows: Champaran Satyagraha in 1917 Kheda Satyagraha in 1918 Mill Workers Support in 1918 2. When did Gandhiji return from South Africa? Ans: Gandhiji returned from South Africa in 1915. 3. What was observed on April 6th, 1919? Ans: 6th April 1919 was observed as the Satyagraha Day where people went on fast and strikes across the nation. 4. Write down the effect of the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre. Ans: The effects of the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre were as follows: Government buildings were attacked by the people There were clashes with police officers and numerous strikes The British suppressed the agitations with brutality and humiliation The villages were bombed and destroyed 5. In which session of the INC was the demand of 'Purna Swaraj' formalized? Ans: 'Purna Swaraj' was formalized in the 1929 session of the Indian National Congress at Lahore. 6. What did the Rowlatt Act impose? Ans: According to the Rowlatt Act, the British Government had the power to prohibit the political activities and detain the political leaders without trial for up to two years. Class X History www.vedantu.com 2 7. Who started the Khilafat Movement and why? Ans: It was started by Muhammad Ali and Shakaut Ali. It was started in response to the unjust treatment given to the Caliph of the Ottoman Empire who was regarded by the Muslims around the world as their Spiritual Leader. 8. Which act prohibited the plantation workers from leaving the tea garden without prior permission? Ans: The Inland Immigration Act passed in 1859. The plantation workers couldn't leave the tea gardens without prior permission from their superiors which they seldom got upon asking. 9. Who wrote the book 'Hind Swaraj'? Ans: Mahatma Gandhi wrote the book Hind Swaraj. 10. What is the meaning of 'Beggar'? Ans: Beggar means forced labour without income. Class X History www.vedantu.com 3