Music 10, 2nd Quarter, Past Paper PDF

MUSIC 10 2ND QUARTER Afro-Cuban rumba, Jamaican reggae, Colombian cumbia, and the Brazilian Samba....

MUSIC 10 2ND QUARTER Afro-Cuban rumba, Jamaican reggae, Colombian cumbia, and the Brazilian Samba. Popular Latin American Music 1. Samba - It is a dance form of African origin around 1838 which evolved into an African- You have learned earlier that music is an Brazilian invention in the working class and integral part of the Africans’ being because their slum districts of Rio de Janeiro. music is highly associated with almost 2. Son – It is a fusion of the popular music or everything that they do, be it in work, in religion, canciones (songs) of Spain and the African in special gatherings and other celebrations. It rumba rhythms of Bantu origin. Originating in can be well said that African Music connects Cuba, it is usually played with the guitar, people thus making the community folks more contrabass, bongos, maracas, and claves.3. united, and more supportive toward each other. Salsa – It is a social dance with marked influences from Cuba and Puerto Rico that Their music has reached different parts of the started in New York in the mid 1970s. Its style globe as Africans who migrated to Latin America contains elements from the swing dance and and other countries brought their music with hustle as well as the complex Afro-Cuban and them. Afro-Caribbean dance forms of pachanga and guaguanco. The music of Latin America is the product of three major influences – MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS OF LATIN AMERICA Indigenous, Spanish-Portuguese, and African. The varied cultures developed in Latin America Sometimes called Latin music, it includes the gave rise to different types of wind and countries that have a colonial history from percussion instruments. As some instruments Spain and Portugal, divided into the following were considered holy and music was supposed areas of Andean Region, Central America, to glorify the gods, mistakes in playing these Caribbean and Brazil. instruments were considered offensive and insulting to them. INFLUENCES ON LATIN AMERICAN MUSIC 1. Indigenous Latin-American Music – The A. Aztec and Mayan Instruments natives were found to be using local These are the instruments that were played drum and percussion instruments. The during the Aztec Empire (c. 1345- 1521 CE) and indigenous music of Latin America was Mayan Civilization (1800 BC – AD 950). Aztec largely functional in nature, being used for and Mayan people are people who lived in religious worships and ceremonies. Southern Mexico and Northern Central America 2. Native American/ Indian Music - The ethnic Central. and cultural groups of the principal Native 1. Tlapitzalli – It is a flute Americans share many similar yet distinctive variety from the Aztec music elements. Songs had a wide range of culture made of clay with volume levels. Songs celebrate themes like decorations of abstract harvest, planting season or other important designs or images of their events or occasions of the year. deities. 3. Afro-Latin American Music - The African 2. Teponaztli – It is a influence on Latin American music is Mexican slit drum hollowed most pronounced in its rich and varied rhythmic out and carved from a piece patterns produced by drums and various ofhardwood with designs percussion instruments. representing human figures 4. Euro-Latin American Music - The different or animals to be used for regions of Latin America adopted various both religious and characteristics from their European colonizers. recreational purposes. Melodies of the Renaissance period were used in 3. Conch – It is a wind Southern Chile and the Colombian Pacific instrument made from a coasts. seashell usually of a large sea 5. Mixed American Music - The result of the snail. It is prepared by cutting a massive infusion of African culture also brought hole in its spine near the apex, about the introduction of other music and dance and then blown into as if it were forms such as the a trumpet. 4. Rasp – It is a hand 1  MUSIC 10 2ND QUARTER percussion instrument whose sound is produced similar to that of a recorder, used during the by scraping a group of notched sticks with rainy season. another stick, creating a series of rattling effects. 5. Huehueti – It is a Mexican upright tubular drum used by the Aztecs and other 3. Quenas – These are ancient civilizations. It is vertical cane flutes with an made of wood opened at the end-notched made from bottom and standing on fragile bamboo. They are three legs cut from the base, used during the dry season. with its stretched skin beaten by the hand or a wooden mallet. B. Incan Instruments D. Mariachi These are instruments that were being played It is an extremely popular band in Mexico whose during the civilization of Inca between c. 1400 original ensemble consisted of violins, guitars, and 1533 CE in Pre-Columbian America, which harp, and an enormous guitarron. Mariachi was centered in what is now Peru. The Incas music is extremely passionate and romantic built one of the largest, most tightly controlled with their blended harmonies and characterized empires the world has ever known. by catchy rhythms. 1. Ocarina - It is an ancient vessel flute made of clay or ceramic with four to 12 finger holes and a mouthpiece that projected from the body. 2. Zampoñas (Panpipes) – These are ancient instruments VOCAL AND DANCE FORMS OF LATIN tuned to different AMERICAN MUSIC scalar varieties, played 1. Cumbia – It is a popular African courtship by blowing across the dance with European and African tubetop. instrumentation and characteristics, originating in Panama and Colombia. It contains varying C. Andean Instruments rhythmic meters. These are the instruments that were being 2. Tango – It is a foremost Argentinian and played during the Andean Civilization (c. 3000 Uruguayan urban popular song and dance and BCE – 1537). This civilization is considered remains a 20th century nationalistic indigenous and not derived from other Argentinian piece of music that is most civilizations mainly because they came from the expressive. river valleys of the coastal desserts of Peru. 3. Cha Cha – It is a ballroom dance originated in Cuba in 1953 that was derived from the mambo. The Cuban Cha Cha is considered more 1. Siku - It is a side-blown sensual because it contains polyrhythmic cane flute that is played all patterns. year round. 4. Rumba - It is a popular recreational dance with Afro-Cuban origin. It is normally used as a ballroom dance where a couple would be in an embrace though slightly apart, with the rocking of the hips to a fast-fast-slow sequence. 5. Bossa nova – It is the slower and gentler 2. Tarkas - These are vertical version of the Cuban Samba, originated in the duct flutes with a mouthpiece 1950s. It is the Portuguese term for “new trend”. 2  MUSIC 10 2ND QUARTER Antonio Carlos Jobim is the foremost into rock music. Jazz rock is a mix of funk and international figure of Bossa nova R&B which stands for “rhythm and blues”, while Sitti Navarro is his Filipino counterpart. 6. Reggae - It is an urban popular music and dance style that originated in Jamaica in the mid1960s. Bob Marley is the best known proponent of reggae who hails from Jamaica. Popular music literally means “music of the 7. Foxtrot – It is a 20th century social dance populace” which is similar to traditional folk that originated after 1910 in the USA. music of the past. As it developed in the 20th 8. Paso Doble - It is a theatrical Spanish dance century, pop music generally consists of music used by the Spaniards in bullfights for entertainment of large number of people, which means “double step”. whether on radio or in live performances. BALLADS Ballads originated as an expressive folksong in narrative verse dealing typically about love. The word is derived from both the medieval French What is Jazz Music? “chanson balladee” and “ballade” which refers to Jazz Music is an American music developed a dancing song. It was used by poets and especially from ragtime and composers since the 18th century until it blues which originated in the African-American became a slow popular love song in the 19th Community. century. Characteristics of Jazz Music: Some enduring pop standard and jazz a. syncopated rhythms (making part of music ballads include: off-beat) - Jazz musicians like to emphasize the notes that they play on the “The Man I Love“ “upbeats”, Syncopation may be affected by (George Gershwin) affecting normally weak beats in a measure, by resting on a normal accented beat, or by tying over a note to the next measure b. Polyphonic (producing many sounds simultaneously) c. Improvisation (creative activity of immediate musical composition) distortion of pitch and timbre (often utilize complex sounds) “Always” (Irving Berlin) Different Forms of Jazz: 1. Ragtime - an American popular musical style mainly for piano, originating in the Afro-American communities in St. Louis and New Orleans. 2. Big Band - refers to a large ensemble form originating in the United States in the mid 1920’s closely associated with the Swing “In a Sentimental Era with jazz elements relying heavily Mood” on percussion, wind, rhythm section, and brass (Duke Ellington). instruments with a lyrical string section to accompany a lyrical melody. 2. Bebop - a musical style of modern jazz which is characterized by a fast tempo, instrumental virtuosity, and improvisation that emerged STANDARDS during World War II. In music, the term “standard” is used to denote 3. 4. Jazz Rock - a music of the 1960’s and the most popular and enduring songs from a 1970’s bands that inserted jazz elements particular genre or style. Its style is mostly in a slow or moderate tempo with a relaxed mood. It 3  MUSIC 10 2ND QUARTER features highly singable melodies within the DISCO range and technical capacity of listeners. Among the foremost proponents of this style are the following: Another form of pop music known as “Disco” rose in 70s. This type of music pertained to rock Frank Sinatra - His music that was more danceable, thus leading to hit singles include “My Way” and the establishment of venues for public dancing “Strangers in the Night”. also called discos. The term originated from the French word “discotheque” which means a Nat King Cole - His famous hits library for phonograph records. include “L-O-V-E” and “Unforgettable”. or synthesizers. Matt Monroe - His hit singles include “Portrait of My Love” and “Born Free”. Famous figures of the disco genre include ABBA, Donna Summer (“The Queen of Disco”), ROCK AND ROLL The Bee Gees and Gloria Gaynor, bringing us such hits as “Dancing Queen”, “Stayin’ Alive”, “Boogie Wonderland”, and “Hot Stuff”. POP MUSIC Parallel with the disco era, other pop music superstars continued to emerge. Among them were Diana Ross and the Supremes (Stop in the Name of Love), Olivia Newton John (Hopelessly Devoted to You), Elton John (Skyline Pigeon) and The Rock and roll is the combination of Afro- Carpenters (We’ve Only Just Begun). American forms such as the blues, jump Pop superstars in more recent years were Celine blues, jazz, and gospel music with the Western Dion (My Heart Will Go On), swing and country music. The lead instruments Whitney Houston (I Will Always Love You), were the piano and saxophone and were Mariah Carey (Hero), Beyonce (Listen), eventually replaced by modern instruments. Lady Gaga (Bad Romance), and Bruno Mars (Just The Way You Are) and many more. Elvis Presley- The greatest proponent of the rock and roll style was the legendary. His hit Michael Jackson, songs such as “Heartbreak Hotel” and “Blue “The King of Pop” Suede Shoes” were complemented by his good Perhaps the most looks and elaborate movements that included popular solo hugging the microphone as he sang. performer of all time is Michael Joseph The Beatles -British band whose compositions Jackson who was further boosted rock and roll as the favorite born on August 29, genre of the times. 1958 and died on June 25, 2009. He Examples of The Beatles’ songs in this genre are was an American “I Saw Her Standing There”, “Get recording artist, Back” and “While My Guitar Gently Weeps”. entertainer, singer-songwriter, record 4  MUSIC 10 2ND QUARTER producer, musical arranger, dancer, 1970s - 1980s. Major commercial Philippine choreographer, actor, businessman, and pop music artists were Claire dela Fuente, philanthropist. Jackson's 1982 album “Thriller” Didith Reyes, Rico Puno, Ryan Cayabyab, remains the world's best-selling album of all Basil Valdez, Celeste Legaspi, Hajji time, and four of his other solo studio albums Alejandro, Rey Valera, Freddie Aguilar, are among the world's best-selling records: Imelda Papin, Eva Eugenio, Nonoy Zuñiga Off the Wall (1979), Bad (1987), Dangerous and many more. (1991), and History (1995) 1980s to 1990s. This is regarded as the HIP HOP AND RAP “Golden Era of Philippine Ballads”. Hip hop is a stylized, highly rhythmic type of music that usually includes portions of rhythmically chanted words called rap. Among the classics that emerged were those Rap is characterized by the artist speaking created by - along with an instrumental or synthesized beat. Ryan Cayabyab “Kay Ganda ng Ating Musika”, It has evolved into a subculture that George Canseco “Kastilyong Buhangin”, encompasses music like rapping, DJ’ing, Willie Cruz “Bituing Walang Ningning”, scratching and beatboxing. Jose Mari Chan “Please Be Careful With My Among the early hip hop artists were LL Cool J Heart”, and Run D.M.C. While recent popular names Gary Valenciano and Regine “Sana Maulit include Beastie Boys, Eminem and Kanye Muli”. West. Martin Nievera, Lea Salonga, Regine Velasquez, Sharon Cuneta, Vina Morales, Francis Magalona, Pops Fernandez, Janno Gibbs, Ogie Alcasid, Joey Albert, Leah Navarro, ZsaZsa Padilla and many other singers in this period. The development of Philippine music was also influenced by the history of the country—from 1990s to Present. The famous solo artists its Pre-Spanish roots, through the Spanish and and bands included The Eraserheads, American periods, up to the present. It has since Smokey Mountain, Donna Cruz, Ariel evolved to have its own rich and distinct identity. Rivera, Southborder, Afterimage, Andrew E., Jaya, Rivermaya, and Parokya ni Edgar. OPM started in Manila where Tagalog and More recently, OPM stars also included Yeng English are the dominant languages for its Constantino, Sarah Geronimo, Aiza texts. However, other ethnolinguistic groups Seguerra, Eric Santos, Christian Bautista, such as the Visayan, Bikol, Kapampangan, Morissette Amon, Acapellago and and Ilocano also began to sing and record international singers Arnel Pineda, and their songs in their native dialects. Charice Pempengco (Jake Cyrus) Pop music in the Philippines started as an adaptation or translation, if not complete imitation, of Western hits. Bobby Gonzales’ “Hahabol-habol” (Hot Pursuit), a local version of the rock and roll songs of the 1950s Rico Puno’s Luneta, a local adaptation of The Way We Were. Here are the following artists in Philippine Pop Music by decades: 1960s-1970s - Nora Aunor, Pilita Corrales, Eddie Peregrina, Victor Wood, Asin, APO Hiking Society, and others were highly popular OPM singers. 5  MUSIC 10 2ND QUARTER ACTIVITY SHEET LESSON 1: AFRICAN MUSIC LESSON 4: POPULAR MUSIC (5 points) Directions. Complete the table below. Classify Essay: the instruments according to their Who among the popular artists discussed classification of sounds (Aerophone, in this lesson inspired you most? Chordophone, Idiophone, Lamellaphone or Support your answer. Membranophone) and describe the most distinct feature of each instrument. Copy and answer Among the popular artists, the one that the table below on a sheet of paper. inspired me the most is __________________ because __________________________________. LESSON 5: PHILIPPINE POP MUSIC Essay: (10 points) 1. Write at least 10 titles from the LESSON 2: LATIN AMERICAN MUSIC Original Philippine Music that you are Identification. Read each statement carefully familiar. and identify what is being described. (5 points) 2. Among the 10 songs that you are ________________1. This music is a product of familiar with, which is your favorite and three major influences – Indigenous, Spanish why? Portuguese, and African. _________________2. It is a fusion of the popular music or canciones of Spain and the African rumba rhythms of Bantu origin. _________________3. The type of social dance which has no fixed step pattern, usually having a simple forward/backward sequence. __________________4. It is the most popular band in Mexico. __________________5. It is considered as the slower and gentler version of the Cuban Samba. LESSON 3: JAZZ MUSIC (5 points) Essay: What form of jazz music did you enjoy the most? Why? The form of Jazz music I enjoy the most is ____________________________because ______________________________________. 6