Music 9 2nd Quarter PDF

MAPEH 9 Handout No. 1 MUSIC 9 2 QUARTER ND Classical music is most likely familiar than we might first imag...

MAPEH 9 Handout No. 1 MUSIC 9 2 QUARTER ND Classical music is most likely familiar than we might first imagine. In fact, nowadays it is all around us. Whether we may be in public places, classical music is used as theme and incidental music on television, and background music for movies. Example of these are the many scores of John Williams’ blockbuster movies like the “Star Wars” and “Indiana Jones” trilogies. In the great and wide-ranging world of 'classical' music there is precisely something there for everyone – do uncover the pieces which once represent the beginning of an exciting and captivating journey which will provide a lifetime's listening enjoyment. Music of the Classical Period (1750-1820) The Classical Era, also called as the “Age of Reason”, is the period from 1750-1820. The cultural life was dominated by aristocracies, who, as patrons of musicians and artists, generally influenced the arts. Significant changes in musical forms and styles were made. In the middle of the 18th century, Europe began to move toward a new style in architecture, literature, and the arts, known as Classicism. It was also pushed forward by changes in the economic order and in social structure. Classical music was patronized primarily by the nobility. The instruments used in classical music generally come from five or so different groups of instruments, including strings, woodwinds, brasses, and percussions. The use of these types of instruments generally makes up a symphonic orchestra. When the human voice is added to this ensemble of instrument - opera is formed. The forms of classical music are numerous and tend to be very well-defined. The concerto is a musical work in which one solo instrument is accompanied by an orchestra. This form of music was established in the Baroque period and has continued to be a strong musical force today. The symphony is a musical composition and is usually for an orchestra. The opera is an art form in which the singer and musicians work together to produce a piece that combines text and musical. Another form is known as dance music and its specific use is to facilitate or accompany dancing. This form can either be a whole musical piece or part of a larger musical arrangement. The suite form of music is an ordered set of instrumental or orchestral pieces of music that are performed in a concert setting rather than as accompaniments. An etude is a short musical composition designed to provide practice in a technical skill in the performance of a solo instrument. A symphonic poem, also known as a tone poem, is a piece of orchestral music in one movement in which some extra-musical program provides a narrative or illustrative event. The great composers of the period were: Franz Joseph Haydn, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, and Ludwig Van Beethoven. Sonata, Concerto, and Symphony are the instrumental forms developed during this era while vocal forms included Opera Seria and Opera Buffa. Characteristics of Classical Music: It is operatic. It is well-modulated. It gives great attention to musical form. It uses comic and witty melodies. It has strong sense of tension and release. It includes percussion instruments. It utilizes dynamics as thematic material. Composers of the Classical Period FRANZ JOSEPH HAYDN (1732-1809) - is one of the most prominent composers of the classical period. His life is described as “rags-to-riches” story. He came from a poor family and his music led to his rise in social status. He was hired by rich patrons and eventually became a musical director for the Esterhazy family for 30 years. His music reflects his character and personality: mainly calm, balanced, serious but with touches of humor. He was able to compose over 100 symphonies and developed them into long forms for a large orchestra. He was named, “Father of the Symphony” although he excelled in every music genre of the period. Most of his symphonies have nicknames such as the “Surprise Symphony”, “The Clock”, “The Military”. He also wrote chamber piano music and choral works. Haydn Instrumental Works: F.J. Haydn Symphony No.94 in G Major "Surprise” 2nd movement https://tinyurl.com/ptnnfbj F. J. Haydn Symphony No. 101 in D major, “The Clock” F. J. Haydn Symphony No. 100 in G major, “Military” WOLFGANG AMADEUS MOZART (1756-1791) - is a child prodigy and the most amazing genius in musical history. At age five, he was already playing the violin and the harpsichord. At six, he was recognized as an exceptional pianist and, at seven, he was already composing excellent music. At age thirteen, he had written sonatas, concertos, symphonies, religious works, and operas and operettas. He experimented in all kinds of music and composed over 700 works. Unfortunately, due to mismanaged finances he lived his life in poverty, died young and was buried in an unknown grave. He composed wonderful concertos, symphonies and opera such as “The Marriage of Figaro” (1786), “Don Giovanni” (1789), and “The Magic Flute” which became popular. Other known works: “Eine Kleine Nachtmusik” “Symphony No. 40 in G Major”, and “Sonata No. 11 in A Major K311. Mozart Instrumental Works: W. A, Mozart Piano Sonata No. 16 in C major, K. 545 (so-called facile or semplice sonata) https://tinyurl.com/y3apm5bs W. A. Mozart: PianoSonata No. 11, K331inA Major, 1st mov. (Andantegrazioso) W.A. Mozart Symphony No. 40 in G minor, 1st mov. (Molto Allegro) W. A. Mozart Serenade in G minor (Eine Kleine Nachtmusik) LUDWIG VAN BEETHOVEN (1770-1827) - was born in Bonn, Germany to a family of musicians and studied music at an early age. He was the composer who bridged the late Classical era and the early Romantic era. He was a talented pianist and composer. His famous compositions include 32 piano sonatas, 21 set of variations, 9 symphonies, 5 concertos for piano, 16 string quartets and choral music. His works include the “Missa Solemnis” (1818- 1823) and opera “Fidelio” (1805). His known symphonies are Symphony No. 3 (Eroica), No. 5, No. 6 (Pastoral), No. 9 (Choral), which adds voices to the orchestra. He began to go deaf in 1796 but this did not become a hindrance. He continued composing through the help of an assistant and hearing gadget. Some of his famous compositions were made when he was deaf. Characteristics of Beethoven’s works: His music veered toward larger orchestras. Sound was centered on the violas and lower registers of the violins and cellos to give his music a darker mood. All themes in a piece are tied together by one motif. He developed musical themes and motifs extensively by means of modulation. He used more brass instruments and dynamics. Beethoven Instrumental Works: L. V. Beethoven Piano Sonata no 14 in c sharp minor (Moonlight) 1st mov. Op. 27 no 2 (adagio sostenuto) https://tinyurl.com/y2r34lb4 L.V. Beethoven Piano Concerto no. 1 in C major op. 15 L.V. Beethoven Piano Concerto no. 5 “Emperor” in E flat major op. 73 L.V. Beethoven Symphony No. 5, Op. 67, C Minor L.V. Beethoven Symphony No. 9, Op. 125, d minor “Choral” VOCAL and INSTRUMENTAL MUSIC SONATA A multi-movement work for solo instrument, Sonata came from the word “Sonare” which means to make a sound. This term is applied to a variety of works for a solo instrument such as keyboard or violin. Below is an excerpt from the 3 movements of the Sonata No. 16 in C Major K545 by W.A. Mozart. 1st Movement: Allegro – fast movement 2nd Movement: Slow tempo: (Andante, Largo, etc.), mostly lyrical and emotional. 3rd Movement: Minuet: It is in three-four time and in a moderate or fast tempo SONATA ALLEGRO FORM The most important form that was developed during the Classical Era were consist of 3 distinct sections: Exposition, Development and Recapitulation. 1. Exposition - the first part of a composition in sonata form that introduces the theme 2. Development - is the middle part of the sonata-allegro form wherein themes are being developed 3. Recapitulation - repeats the theme as they first emerge in the opening exposition CONCERTO Concerto is a multi-movement work designed for an instrumental soloist and orchestra. It is a classical form of music intended primarily to emphasize the individuality of the solo instrument and to exhibit the virtuosity and interpretative abilities of the performer. The solo instruments in classical concertos include violin, cello, clarinet, bassoon, trumpet, horn, and piano. A concerto has three movements: fast, slow, and fast. 3 Movements of Concerto: 1st Movement: Fast: Sonata-allegro form with expositions of the orchestra and then by the soloist. 2nd Movement: Slow: Has more ornamentation than the First movement. 3rd Movement: Fast: Finale: usually in a form of rondo, resembling the last movement of the symphony and usually a short cadenza is used. SYMPHONY A multi-movement work for orchestra, the symphony is derived from the word “Sinfonia” which literally means “a harmonious sounding together”. It is a classical music for the whole orchestra, generally in four movements. 4 Movements of the symphony: 1st Movement: Fast: Sonata-allegro form 2nd Movement: Slow : gentle, lyrical – typical ABA form or theme and variation 3rd Movement: Medium/Fast: uses a dance form (Minuet or scherzo) 4th Movement: Fast: typically Rondo or Sonata form CLASSICAL OPERA Opera is a drama set to music where singers and musicians perform in a theatrical setting. The two distinct styles of opera: Opera Seria and Opera Buffa, were developed during the Classical Period. The Opera Seria (serious opera) usually implies heroic or tragic drama that employs mythological characters, which was inherited from the Baroque period. “Idomeneo” by Mozart is an example of Opera Seria. The Opera Buffa (comic opera) from Italy made use of everyday characters and situations, and typically employed spoken dialogues, lengthy arias and was spiced with sight gags, naughty humor, and social satire. “The Marriage of Figaro”, “Don Giovanni”, and “The Magic Flute” are examples of popular Opera Buffa by Mozart. ADAPTATION OF ORCHESTRA DURING CLASSICAL PERIOD The Classical period is one of the most significant periods in the development of orchestration. The most talented composers of this period were Mozart and Haydn. Many important developments took place during this time. The orchestra became standardized. Toward the end of Haydn’s career, in the London Symphonies, he introduced clarinets as part of the woodwind section, a change that was to be permanent. Haydn also introduced the following innovations: trumpets were used independently instead of always doubling the horns, cellos became separated from the double basses, and woodwind instruments were often given the main melodic line. In the Military Symphony (No. 100) Haydn introduced some percussion instruments not normally used in the orchestras of this time, namely: triangle, hand cymbals, and bass drum. What is still more unusual, they are employed in the second movement, which in the Classical tradition is normally the slow movement. In Haydn’s music a method of composition appeared that had a bearing on orchestration. This consisted of the conscious use of musical motives; motive is defined in the Harvard Dictionary of Music as: “The briefest intelligible and self-contained fragment of a musical theme or subject.” Perhaps the best-known musical motive in Western music is the four-note group with which Beethoven’s Fifth Symphony begins. These musical cells became the musical building blocks of the Classical period, particularly in the middle or development section of a movement, with the composer moving the musical motive from instrument to instrument and section to section, giving a new facet to the orchestration. The art of orchestration was thus becoming a major factor in the artistic quality of the music. Mozart, too, was responsible for great strides in the creative use of instruments. His last two symphonies (Nos. 40, K 550, and 41, K 551) are among the most beautifully orchestrated works of this or any period. For his 17 piano concertos, Mozart exhaustively explored the combination of piano and orchestra. Classical Music in the Modern World Today’s society is so focused on technology that it is almost shocking, kids are constantly hurled around their phones checking social media incessantly to see what the rest of the world is up to. The world has changed so much in the last few years that it may seem that much of the world has forgotten the way the world used to be. This can especially be seen in the music industry, music is primarily downloaded digitally, no one owns hard copies anymore. Artists are made, no longer found, a voice can be auto tuned, and instrument can be added in later. Some may say that the art of music has been lost, that there is no longer any trueness to it. For this reason, it seems that classical music has fallen out of place, that there is no longer a need for it in this society. However, classical music is a huge part of today’s music industry and our society as a whole. Classical music is the framework for all modern-day songs and tunes, the building blocks that music is built of today. Bach’s Prelude and Fugue Number 20 in A Minor was a composition that combined Bach’s classical style with a modern twist and was often said to be the first jazz piece. So, classical music is not something boring that old people listen to but is the basis of new ideas that slowly evolved into the music that we all love listening to today. Many melodies that you hear in today’s music can be heard in earlier classical pieces and still are relevant to today’s sounds. It was Mozart who first composed a four-chord melody and found that although a simpler sound it was just as beautiful, this is the same four chord melody that you hear is so many modern pop and rock songs. Many of today’s musicians grew up listening to and studying classical music, a fine foundation for any other music that they create after that. They know that this is a great way to build a strong career and solid understanding of music. You will no doubt see the importance of classical music in today’s society. Not only that but many studies have shown that listening to classical music can improve mental awareness, aid in studying and should be played to young children. Whether you listen for pure joy, to enhance your mental abilities or as a study of music no one can deny that classical music was the basis of all music and that it is still a vital part of today society.