Music of Classical Period PDF

MUSIC 9: 2ND QUARTER Music of Classical Period Objectives; ·Relates Classical music to other art forms and its history within the era; Listen perceptively to selected Classical Period music; and Demonstrate understanding of the characteristic features of Classical Period music.  The...

MUSIC 9: 2ND QUARTER Music of Classical Period Objectives; ·Relates Classical music to other art forms and its history within the era; Listen perceptively to selected Classical Period music; and Demonstrate understanding of the characteristic features of Classical Period music.  The Classical Era, also called “Age of Reason”, is the period from 1750-1820. The cultural life was dominated by the aristocracy, who, as patrons of musicians and artists, generally influenced the arts. Significant changes in musical forms and styles were made. In the middle of the 18th century, Europe began to move toward a new style in architecture, literature, and the arts, known as Classicism. It was also pushed forward by changes in the economic order and in social structure. Classical music was patronized primarily by the nobility.  Important historical events that occurred in the West during this era were the French Revolution, Napoleonic Wars, the American Declaration of Independence in 1776 and the American Revolution. The term “classical” denotes conformity with the principles and characteristics of ancient Greece and Roman literature and art which were formal, elegant, simple, and dignified. The same characteristics may also describe the melodies of classical music.  The use of crescendo a () augmented the forte and piano dynamics. A style of broken chord accompaniment called; Alberti Bass was practiced. The great composers of the period were: Franz Joseph Haydn, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, and Ludwig Van Beethoven. Sonata, Concerto, and Symphony are the instrumental forms developed during this era while vocal forms included Opera Seria and Opera Buffa.  Franz Joseph Haydn He is an Austrian music composer. Composer of 106 symphonies, he is known as one of the creators of the fundamental genres of classical music. His musical style influenced Felix Mendelssohn, Franz and Johannes Brahms.  Franz Joseph Haydn Even as he stayed with and became a part of the Esterházy family, he became even more popular outside the palace. The following are his important works were assignments from abroad: ·Paris Symphonies (1785-1786) ·The Seven Last Words of Christ (1786)  Franz Joseph Haydn One of his Friends back in Vienna is Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. In 1791 when a new Esterházy prince allowed Haydn to leave, he quickly accepted an invitation to go to England to conduct new symphonies. Audience flocked to Haydn’s concerts, and during his time in England, he generated some of his best-known works: ·Military ·The Rider quartet ·The Surprise ·Drumroll and London symphonies  Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart These were characterized by vivid emotion and sophisticated textures. Here are some of the highlights of his life: ·Mozart appeared in public as a keyboard performer – 1761. ·He traveled with his sister to the court of Prince Maximilian III of Bavaria in Munich, and at the Imperial Court in Vienna and Prague – 1762. ·He composed his first opera, La Finta Semplice – 1763. ·He wrote the opera titled, Mitridate re di Ponto – 1770. ·He composed the solo motet, Exsultate, Jubilate, K 165 – 1773. ·He wrote the Italian opera titled, La Finta giardiniera, K. 196 – 1775 ·In 1776, he turned his efforts to composing piano concertos that culminated in the composing of the E- flat concerto K. 271 in early 1777. ·In Paris, he composed ballet music and a new symphony – 1778. ·He composed the opera titled, Idomeneo – 1781. ·Beethoven arrived in Vienna to study with Mozart – 1787. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart  Ludwig van Beethoven Here are some highlights about Beethoven: ·He was known as a pianist, a composer, and a music innovator. ·He widened the scope of the following music forms: sonata, symphony, concerto, and quartet. ·He came out with new ways for combining vocals and instruments. ·He studied music with new ways for combining vocals and instruments. ·He studied music with Christian Gottlob Neefe, who was a court organist at Bonn to the Elecor of Cologne.  Ludwig van Beethoven ·He auditioned for Mozart as a requisite for studying with the latter. After the audition, Mozart remarked, “Keep your eyes on him; some day he will give the world something to talk about.” ·He was assigned at age 19 to compose a musical memorial for the Holy Roman Emperor Joseph II. Beethoven titled it Cantata on the Emperor Joseph II. It is now considered his earliest masterpiece. ·He studied in Vienna with the most eminent musicians of the age: piano with Joseph Haydn, vocal composition with Antonio Salieri, and counterpoint with Johann Albrechtsberger. ·He won many patrons among the leading citizens of the  Ludwig van Beethoven ·In 1793, he dedicated and played in the house of Prince Lichnowsky a series of three piano trios, his Opus 1. Later on, on April 2, 1800, Beethoven debuted his Symphony No. 1 in C Major at the Royal Imperial Theater in Vienna. ·He composed musical pieces that earned him the reputation of being a masterful composer. ·He published his Six String Quartets in 1801. ·He composed The Creatures of Prometheus in 1801, a wildly popular ballet that received 27 performances at the Imperial Court Theater. ·He debuted his Symphony No. 3 in Napoleon’s honor, which he later renamed the Eroica Symphony. ·He struggled to come to terms with a shocking and terrible  Ludwig van Beethoven ·In his “middle” or “heroic” period (between 1803 and 1812), he composed an opera, six symphonies, four solo concerti, five string quartets, six string sonatas, seven piano sonatas, five sets of piano variations, four overtures, four trios, two sextets, and 72 songs. ·He composed the famous symphonies: No. 3-8, the Moonlight Sonata; the Kreutzer violin sonata; and Fideio, his only opera. Ludwig van Beethoven  VOCAL and INSTRUMENTAL MUSIC SONATA A multi-movement work for solo instrument, Sonata came from the word “Sonare” which means to make a sound. This term is applied to a variety of works for a solo instrument such as keyboard or violin. Below is an excerpt from the 3 movements of the Sonata No. 16 in C Major K545 by W.A. Mozart. Listen to each phrase of the movement. -1st Movement: Allegro – fast movement -2nd Movement: Slow tempo: (Andante, Largo, etc.), mostly lyrical and emotional. -3rd Movement: Minuet: It is in three-four time and in a moderate or fast tempo.  SONATA ALLEGRO FORM The most important form that developed during the classical era consists of 3 distinct sections: Exposition, Development and Recapitulation. 1. Exposition - the first part of a composition in sonata form that introduces the theme 4. 2. Development is the middle part of the sonata-allegro form wherein themes are being developed 3. Recapitulation - repeats the theme as they first emerge in the opening exposition  CONCERTO Concerto is a multi-movement work designed for an instrumental soloist and orchestra. It is a classical form of music intended primarily to emphasize the individuality of the solo instrument and to exhibit the virtuosity and interpretative abilities of the performer. The solo instruments in classical concertos include violin, cello, clarinet, bassoon, trumpet, horn and piano. A concerto has three movements: fast, slow, and fast.  CONCERTO 3 movements: -1st Movement: Fast: Sonata-allegro form with expositions of the orchestra and then by the soloist. -2nd Movement: Slow: Has more ornamentation than the First movement. -3rd Movement: Fast: Finale: usually in a form of rondo, resembling the last movement of the symphony and usually a short cadenza is used.  SYMPHONY A multi-movement work for orchestra, the symphony is derived from the word “Sinfonia” which literally means “a harmonious sounding together”. It is a classical music for the whole orchestra, generally in four movements.  SYMPHONY 4 movements of the symphony: -1st Movement: Fast: Sonata-allegro form -2nd Movement: Slow: gentle, lyrical – typical ABA form or theme and variation -3rd Movement: Medium/Fast: uses a dance form (Minuet or scherzo) -4th Movement: Fast: typically, Rondo or Sonata form  ASSESSMENT A. IDENTIFICATION Describe and identify the characteristic and works of famous composers during Classical Period. FRANZ JOSEPH HAYDN ______________________________________________________________ WOLFGANG AMADEUS MOZART ______________________________________________________________ LUDWIG VAN BEETHOVEN ______________________________________________________________