Mthapp100lab Anatomy & Physiology Lab 15 PDF
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Uploaded by ComfortingAsh
Trinity University of Asia
Verde, E.J.
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Summary
This document is a lab manual for a first-semester anatomy and physiology course at Trinity University of Asia, focusing on the lower extremities. It includes outlines for the lower extremities, pelvic girdle, thigh and leg, and ankle and foot regions.
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MTHAPP100LAB – ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY W/ PATHOPHYSIOLOGY LABORATORY | FIRST SEMESTER TRINITY UNIVERSITY OF ASIA VERDE, E.J. | 1MT03 LAB 15: THE LOWER EXTREMITIES...
MTHAPP100LAB – ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY W/ PATHOPHYSIOLOGY LABORATORY | FIRST SEMESTER TRINITY UNIVERSITY OF ASIA VERDE, E.J. | 1MT03 LAB 15: THE LOWER EXTREMITIES ▪ Posterior inferior iliac spine – point a short distance inferior to the posterior superior iliac spine OUTLINE o Ischial spine – pointed process on the inferior edge of the ischial region that protrudes into 15.1 The Lower Extremities the pelvic outlet 15.2 The Pelvic Girdle 15.3 The Thigh and Leg o Obturator foramen – large hole formed by the 15.4 The Ankle and Foot curve of the pubis (medially) and the ischium o Pubic arch – arch formed by the both the left and the right pubis’ inferior angles or rami 15.1 THE LOWER EXTREMITIES o Pelvic brim (inlet) – boundary of the opening into the true pelvis; formed by the upper margins (pubic crests) of the superior pubic Lower Extremities – 62 bones rami, the iliopectineal lines that run along the inside face of the ilium, and the sacral 15.2 THE PELVIC GIRDLE promontory o True pelvis – also called the pelvis minor; space inferior to the pelvic brim in which the pelvic Pelvic Girdle organs usually lie Coxal bone – 2 bones; join to form the pelvic girdle; o False pelvis – also called the pelvis major; articulate with the sacrum and support the legs; formed broad, shallow space superior to the pelvic brim by the fusion of 3 bones early in development: ilium, and inferior to the iliac crests (actually part of ischium, and pubis the abdominal cavity) Pelvic regions: Each coxal bone forms a joint directly with two other o Ilium – lateral, superior region of the bone; bones: the opposite coxal bone (anteriorly) and the includes the bone-like wall of the upper pelvis sacrum (posteriorly) o Ischium – inferior, posterior, lateral coxal region o Symphysis pubis – joint between the left and o Pubis – inferior, medial region, comprising an right pubis; also called pubic symphysis upper and lower ramus; forms the pubic arch at o Sacroiliac joint – joint between the coxal's ilium the body's anterior midline and the lateral surface of the sacrum Other features of the coxal bone: o Acetabulum – cup-like socket formed where 15.3 THE THIGH AND LEG the ilium, ischium, and pubis articulate with the head of the femur o Iliac crest – upper, curving "lip" of the "bowl" Thigh and Leg formed by the iliac portion Femur – 2 bones; long bone of the thigh o Iliac spines – the corners of the iliac portion o Head – large spherical enlargement at the ▪ Anterior superior iliac spine – blunt proximal end anterior point at the end of the iliac o Neck – narrow region just distal to the head crest o Greater trochanter – large bump that forms a ▪ Anterior inferior iliac spine – smaller lateral, proximal "corner" blunt point of the iliac crest o Lesser trochanter – bump on the medial, ▪ Posterior superior iliac spine – point at proximal aspect (just distal to the neck) the posterior end of the iliac crest o Intertrochanteric line – line that runs between the greater and lesser trochanter 1 MTHAPP100LAB – ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY W/ PATHOPHYSIOLOGY LABORATORY | FIRST SEMESTER TRINITY UNIVERSITY OF ASIA VERDE, E.J. | 1MT03 o Linea aspera – ridge that runs lengthwise along the posterior surface of the shaft o Medial condyle – medial, distal bump that articulates with the tibia o Lateral condyle – lateral, distal bump that articulates with the tibia o Medial epicondyle – blunt projection from the side of the medial condyle o Lateral epicondyle – blunt projection from the side of the lateral condyle Patella – 2 bones; large sesamoid bone forming the anterior bone of the knee joint Tibia – 2 bones; one of two long bones of the leg; the larger medial leg bone o Lateral condyle – latera, proximal articular surface o Medial condyle – medial, proximal articular surface o Crest – sharp ridge running longitudinally along the anterior surface o Tibial tuberosity – rough bump on the medial aspect of the distal end Fibula – narrower, lateral bone of the leg o Head – proximal enlargement o Lateral malleolus – pointed bump on the lateral aspect of the distal end 15.4 THE ANKLE AND FOOT Ankle and Foot Tarsal bones – 7 bones; form the ankle o Talus o Calcaneus o Cuboid o Navicular o Medial cuneiform o Intermediate cuneiform o Lateral cuneiform Metatarsal bones – 5 bones; similar to the metacarpals of the hand Phalanges – 28 bones; form the foot Hallux (first digit) – does not have a middle phalanx 2