Mthapp100lab Anatomy & Physiology Lab 15 PDF

MTHAPP100LAB – ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY W/ PATHOPHYSIOLOGY LABORATORY | FIRST SEMESTER TRINITY UNIVERSITY OF ASIA VERDE, E.J. | 1MT03 LAB 15: THE LOWER EXTREMITIES...

MTHAPP100LAB – ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY W/ PATHOPHYSIOLOGY LABORATORY | FIRST SEMESTER TRINITY UNIVERSITY OF ASIA VERDE, E.J. | 1MT03 LAB 15: THE LOWER EXTREMITIES ▪ Posterior inferior iliac spine – point a short distance inferior to the posterior superior iliac spine OUTLINE o Ischial spine – pointed process on the inferior edge of the ischial region that protrudes into 15.1 The Lower Extremities the pelvic outlet 15.2 The Pelvic Girdle 15.3 The Thigh and Leg o Obturator foramen – large hole formed by the 15.4 The Ankle and Foot curve of the pubis (medially) and the ischium o Pubic arch – arch formed by the both the left and the right pubis’ inferior angles or rami 15.1 THE LOWER EXTREMITIES o Pelvic brim (inlet) – boundary of the opening into the true pelvis; formed by the upper margins (pubic crests) of the superior pubic Lower Extremities – 62 bones rami, the iliopectineal lines that run along the inside face of the ilium, and the sacral 15.2 THE PELVIC GIRDLE promontory o True pelvis – also called the pelvis minor; space inferior to the pelvic brim in which the pelvic Pelvic Girdle organs usually lie Coxal bone – 2 bones; join to form the pelvic girdle; o False pelvis – also called the pelvis major; articulate with the sacrum and support the legs; formed broad, shallow space superior to the pelvic brim by the fusion of 3 bones early in development: ilium, and inferior to the iliac crests (actually part of ischium, and pubis the abdominal cavity) Pelvic regions: Each coxal bone forms a joint directly with two other o Ilium – lateral, superior region of the bone; bones: the opposite coxal bone (anteriorly) and the includes the bone-like wall of the upper pelvis sacrum (posteriorly) o Ischium – inferior, posterior, lateral coxal region o Symphysis pubis – joint between the left and o Pubis – inferior, medial region, comprising an right pubis; also called pubic symphysis upper and lower ramus; forms the pubic arch at o Sacroiliac joint – joint between the coxal's ilium the body's anterior midline and the lateral surface of the sacrum Other features of the coxal bone: o Acetabulum – cup-like socket formed where 15.3 THE THIGH AND LEG the ilium, ischium, and pubis articulate with the head of the femur o Iliac crest – upper, curving "lip" of the "bowl" Thigh and Leg formed by the iliac portion Femur – 2 bones; long bone of the thigh o Iliac spines – the corners of the iliac portion o Head – large spherical enlargement at the ▪ Anterior superior iliac spine – blunt proximal end anterior point at the end of the iliac o Neck – narrow region just distal to the head crest o Greater trochanter – large bump that forms a ▪ Anterior inferior iliac spine – smaller lateral, proximal "corner" blunt point of the iliac crest o Lesser trochanter – bump on the medial, ▪ Posterior superior iliac spine – point at proximal aspect (just distal to the neck) the posterior end of the iliac crest o Intertrochanteric line – line that runs between the greater and lesser trochanter 1  MTHAPP100LAB – ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY W/ PATHOPHYSIOLOGY LABORATORY | FIRST SEMESTER TRINITY UNIVERSITY OF ASIA VERDE, E.J. | 1MT03 o Linea aspera – ridge that runs lengthwise along the posterior surface of the shaft o Medial condyle – medial, distal bump that articulates with the tibia o Lateral condyle – lateral, distal bump that articulates with the tibia o Medial epicondyle – blunt projection from the side of the medial condyle o Lateral epicondyle – blunt projection from the side of the lateral condyle Patella – 2 bones; large sesamoid bone forming the anterior bone of the knee joint Tibia – 2 bones; one of two long bones of the leg; the larger medial leg bone o Lateral condyle – latera, proximal articular surface o Medial condyle – medial, proximal articular surface o Crest – sharp ridge running longitudinally along the anterior surface o Tibial tuberosity – rough bump on the medial aspect of the distal end Fibula – narrower, lateral bone of the leg o Head – proximal enlargement o Lateral malleolus – pointed bump on the lateral aspect of the distal end 15.4 THE ANKLE AND FOOT Ankle and Foot Tarsal bones – 7 bones; form the ankle o Talus o Calcaneus o Cuboid o Navicular o Medial cuneiform o Intermediate cuneiform o Lateral cuneiform Metatarsal bones – 5 bones; similar to the metacarpals of the hand Phalanges – 28 bones; form the foot Hallux (first digit) – does not have a middle phalanx 2