Sole of Foot Anatomy PDF

Sole of foot Dr Sapna , Asst Professor www.gmu.ac.ae COLLEGE OF MEDICINE Objectives List the muscles of the sole of the foot List the nerves and vessels of the sole of the foot Skin Thick for protection Firmly adherent to the underlying pla...

Sole of foot Dr Sapna , Asst Professor www.gmu.ac.ae COLLEGE OF MEDICINE Objectives List the muscles of the sole of the foot List the nerves and vessels of the sole of the foot Skin Thick for protection Firmly adherent to the underlying plantar aponeurosis Creased Plantar aponeurosis It’s a thickened band of deep fascia Attachments : Posteriorly: attached to calcaneum. Anteriorly: 5 slips pass to the 5 toes Functions : Protects the underlying nerves and vessels. Maintains the longitudinal arches of the foot First layer Abductor hallucis – medial plantar nerve Flexor digitorum brevis – medial plantar nerve Abductor digiti minimi – lateral plantar nerve Origin of all the muscles : medial tubercle of calcaneus First layer Abductor hallucis ✓Action :abduction of great toe Flexor digitorum brevis ✓Action : flexion of lateral 4 toes Abductor digiti minimi: ✓Action: abduction of little toe Second layer Two tendons : Flexor halucis longus(FHL) Flexor digitorum longus(FDL) 2 muscles : Quadratus plantae 4 lumbricals Quadratus plantae Nerve supply : lateral plantar nerve Action : assists in plantar flexion Second layer 4 lumbricals muscles Origin: tendon of FDL Insertion : middle & distal phalanx of lateral 4 toes Nerve supply : 1st – medial plantaer nerve 2nd,3rd & 4th – lateral plantar nerve Action : flexion at MCP & extension at IP joints Third layer Flexor hallucis brevis Nerve supply : medial plantar nerve Adductor hallucis Nerve supply : lateral plantar nerve Flexor digiti minimi bervis Nerve supply: lateral plantar nerve Fourth layer Two tendons Tibialis posterior Peroneous longus(fibularis longus) Two muscles 3 plantar interrosei 4 dorsal interrossei Fourth layer 3 Plantar interrosei : PAD Nerve supply: lateral plantaer nerve Action: Adduction of 3rd,4th & 5th toes at metatarsophalangeal joints towards the long axis which is passing through the second toe Fourth layer 4 Dorsal interrosei : DAB Nerve supply : lateral plantar nerve Action: Abduction of toes II to IV at metatarsophalangeal joints Arteries of sole Medial plantar artery: smaller terminal branch of posterior tibila artery Enters the sole along with medial plantar nerve Branches : Muscular branches Digital branches Lateral plantar artery: larger terminal branch of posterior tibial artery Enters the sole with lateral plantar nerve Branches : Muscular branches 5th plantar metatarsal artery  Plantar arch The plantar arch runs from the 5th metatarsal and extends medially to the 1st metatarsal formed by the continuation of the lateral plantar artery and the anastomoses between the deep branch of dorsalis pedis artery. Gives plantar metatarsal arteries Veins : accompany the arteries of sole. Medial & lateral plantar vein Plantar fasciitis Inflammation of plantar fascia Common causes of heel pain Stabbing pain early morning-eventually decreases through the day Long periods of standing –aggravate the pain Causes : Common in runners or occupation which involves standing for a long time- teachers,ballet dancers Obesity Stress on fascia -inflammation References Netter’s Clinical Anatomy,4th Edition-2019,John T Hanson, Chapter 6,Page 291-366,ISBN 978-0-323-53188-7 https://wwwclinicalkeycom.gmulibrary.com/#!/content/book/3-s2.0- B9780323531887000068  Ankle joint Dr Sapna Shevade www.gmu.ac.ae COLLEGE OF MEDICINE Objectives Classify ankle joint Name the articulating bones in ankle joint Identify the ligaments of ankle joint Name the movements of ankle joint Name the muscles that bring about the movements Articulating bones Inferior surface of tibia Medial malleolus Lateral malleolus Superior surface of talus Type Hinge variety of synovial joint Ligaments Medially : Deltoid ligament Laterally : Anterior talofibular ligament Posterior talofibular ligament Calcaneofibular ligament Deltoid ligament Tibio-talar part Tibio-calcanial part Tibio-navicular part Movements Dorsiflexion Plantarflexion Tibialis Anterior Gastrocnemius, Soleus Talocalcalcaneal joint / Subtalar joint Plane synovial joint Movements Inversion Eversion Joints of the foot