MPTH111 Week 1 History of Tourism PDF

**MPTH111** **WEEK 1: HISTORY OF TOURISM** Tourism is derived from the Hebrew word "TORAH" which means studying, learning and searching Early Tourism has two forms: travel for business and religious travel (the power of pilgrimage) **Tourism in classical world** - people travel due to warfare an...

**MPTH111** **WEEK 1: HISTORY OF TOURISM** Tourism is derived from the Hebrew word "TORAH" which means studying, learning and searching Early Tourism has two forms: travel for business and religious travel (the power of pilgrimage) **Tourism in classical world** - people travel due to warfare and trading **Middle ages** - travelling during those time was dangerous due to war. Crusaders and pilgrims were the only ones who traveled Bildungsreisen (a german word) which means educational journey or trips - During renaissance era, "Art" became popular where people travel to see architectural buildings, music and museums. **Middle - class culture of travel** - the "Grand Tour", a traditional tour by Europeans (middle class). **HISTORY OF TOURISM -- BABYLONIAN AND EGYPTIAN EMPIRES** A museum of "historic antiquities" was open to the public in the 16th century B.C. in Babylon, while the Egyptian help many religious festivals attracting not only the devout, but many who came to see the famous buildings and works of art in the cities. During these activities, local towns accommodated tourist by providing services such as : vendors of food and drink, guides , hawkers of souvenirs, tours. **HISTORY OF TOURISM: INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION** There were technological changes where mode of transportation, recreation, urbanization developed. **THE FIRST TRAVEL AGENTS: 1. Robert Smart** - In 1822, Robert Smart of Bristol, England, announced himself as the first steamship agent. He began booking passengers on steamers to various Bristol Channel ports and to Dublin. - The founder of Thomas Cook and Son Travel agency. - Organized the first excursion train trip was between Leicester and Loughborough (In England). - A train was subsequently arranged, and on 5 July 1841 for about 500 passengers. - A secretary to the British consul-general in Oslo, Norway. - In this position, he frequently arranged individual scenic tours in Norway for visiting British notables. - Finally, in 1850, he set up a business as a "trip organizer" - he earliest guest rooms were parts of private dwellings hosted almost like members of family. In the Middle east and in the Orient, "caravansaries" and inns date back to antiquity - **Tavern** - people gather together to drink alcoholic beverages were the ancient sumerians introduced and produced the beer. - **Caravanserai** -- Road side inns for Traders. **TOURISM AS A GLOBALIZED SYSTEM** - Importance of tourism is evident from the fact that its influence thoroughly penetrates society, politics, culture and, above all, the economy. - Early 1920s, an early theory of "Fremdenverkehr" (a german term for tourism), emerged and dealt with business and economic problems; since 1960s, it has been replaced by the ever-expanding field of tourism studies. - This gives many disciplines the space to approach the **HISTORY OF PHILIPPINE TOURISM** - Tourism in the Philippines traces its origins during the ancient times. - Trade also became part of the tourism industry. - 19TH to early 20th century flourished the tourism industry due to influx of immigrants from Europe and United States. It was listed as one of the best countries to visit in Asia aside from Hong Kong and Japan, earning the nickname "Pearl of the Orient Seas" - **Ancient times** - when the first set of people chose to migrate through land bridges, followed by the other sets of migrations from the Malayan archipelago in the south and Taiwan in the north. - **Trading**s - as Arabs, Indians, Japanese, Chinese, Malays, and other ethnic groups in mainland Southeast Asia, Taiwan, and Ryukyu Traded goods with the natives. **1950s** - wave of tourist arrivals flourished but declined drastically during the dictatorship era. **1991 - 1992** - industry only managed to cope up with 1.2 milion arrivals **2010s** - "It's more fun in the Philippines" slogan **2015** - 5, 360, 682 foreign million tourists due to creative social media initiatives. **EARLY (AND LATE) TOURIST** **ATTRACTION IN ANCIENT WORLD** - The Great Pyramid of Egypt - The Hanging Gardens of Babylon in Iraq - The Tomb of Mausolus in Turkey - The Statue of Zeus at Olympia in Greece - The Colossus of Rhodes in Greece  The Great Lighthouse (Pharos) in Alexandria, Egypt - The Temple of Artemis (also called the The Temple of Diana)at Ephesus, at the time part of Greece, now in Turkey **THE NEW 7 WONDERS OF THE EARTH** - The Great Wall of China (Built 220 BC to 1644 AD) - The Taj Mahal, India (Built 1632- - Petra, Jordan (Built 4 Century BC- - The Colosseum in Rome, Italy - Christ the Redeemer statue, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (Built 1926-1931) - Chichen Itza, Mexico (Built 5-13 century AD) - Machu Picchu, Peru (Build mid-15 century AD) **7 NATURAL WONDERS OF THE EARTH** - Grand Canyon - Northern Lights - Mount Everest - Paricutin Volcano - Victoria Falls - Great barrier reef - Harbor of Rio de Janeiro **WEEK 2: THE CONCEPT OF TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY** **DEFINITION OF TOURISM** - "A phenomenon unique to modern time which is dependent on the people's increasing need for a change and relaxing, the wish of recognizing the beauties of nature and art and the belief that nature gives happiness to human beings and which helps nations and communities' approaching to each other thanks to the development in commerce and industry and the communication and transportation tools' becoming excellent" - "Tourism is the temporary, short-term movement of people to destination outside the places where they normally live and work and their activities during the stay at each destination. It includes - "One must travel and remain in a place outside of their usual residential environment for not - more than one consecutive year for leisure, business or other purposes" (UNWTO,1994) - "Tourism is a social, cultural - people to countries or places outside their usual environment for personal or - business/professional purposes. These people are called visitors which may be either tourists or - excursionists; residents or nonresidents and tourism has to do with their activities, some of which imply tourism expenditure" (UNWTO, 2008) **CHARACTERISTIC OF TOURISM** 1. Combination of phenomena and relationship 2. Essential elements: Dynamic (the Journey) and Static (the stay) 3. Essential elements must be to and from destinations outside the place of residence 4. Duration of stay is temporary and short-term, with intention of returning to the place of residence 5. For purposes of recreation and leisure **FORM OF TOURISM** **DOMESTIC TOURISM** - Comprises the activities of a resident visitor within the country of reference either as part of a domestic tourism trip or part of an outbound tourism **INBOUND TOURISM** - Comprises the activities of a non-resident visitor within the country of reference on an inbound tourism - Comprises the activities of a resident visitor outside the country of reference, either as - Domestic tourism + inbound tourism **National Tourism** - Domestic tourism + outbound tourism **International Tourism** - Inbound tourism + outbound tourism, 1. ATTRACTIONS 2. ACCESSIBILITY 3. AMENITIES 4. ACTIVITIES 5. ACCOMMODATION - Latin word "tornus" a circle-or turner's wheel. - Visitors are any person visiting a country for reasons other than of earning money **Tourist** - (Overnight Visitor) refers to a visitor (domestic, inbound, or outbound) whose trip includes overnight stay **Excursionist** - (Same-Day Visitor) - refers to a visitor (domestic, inbound, or outbound) who does not include an overnight stay **MOTIVATION FOR TRAVEL** Travel refers to the movement of people from one location to another. A traveler is someone who moves between different geographic locations, for any purpose and any duration (UNWTO,2010). **There are three main reasons why people travel** Business - Leisure - Bleasure **ELEMENTS OF TRAVEL** 1.Reason for Journey 2.Distance to travel 3.Length of stay at the destination 4.Residence of the tourist 5.Forms of travel **DEFINITION OF HOSPITALITY** - The word hospitality comes from the Latin word "hospitare" which means "to receive as guest". - Hospitality refers to the tradition that a host is ready to provide food, beverage and lodging for someone away from home. - Hospitality includes the "reception and entertainment of travelers, the way they are treated by the industry employees and an overall concern for their well-being and satisfaction. **SYMBOL OF HOSPITALITY** - The Pineapple Story begins when Christopher Columbus returned to Europe with the pineapple, which originated in South America, as one of the prizes obtained in the New World. - The pineapple tradition welcome friendship hospitality **3 PERSPECTIVE OF HOSPITALITY** 1. Guest Perspective 2. Operator Perspective 3. Tech Perspective **COMPONENTS OF TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY** 1.Food and Beverage Services Component 2.Accommodation or Lodging Services Component 3.Recreation and Leisure Services Component 4.Travel Services Component **CHARACTERISTICS OF TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY** 1. The tourism and hospitality are dynamic 2. The tourism and hospitality industry are seasonal. 3. Tourism and hospitality are a laborextensive industry. 4. Tourism and Hospitality is peopleoriented. 5. Tourism and hospitality are a multidimensional phenomenon. 6. Tourism and hospitality products are unlimited. 7. Tourism and hospitality products are purchased without even insisting the people to buy them. **IMPORTANCE OF TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY** 1. Economic Progression. 2. Generation of employment. 3. Promotion of culture and cultural heritage. 4. Societal progress. 5. Significance to education. 6. Dispersion of development. 7. Environment and Culture preservation. 8. Build strong relationship between countries 9. Better planning strategies for infrastructure development 10. World's peace industry 11\. Foreign Exchange Earnings **WEEK 3 AND 4: HISTORY OF TOURISM** **AND HOSPITALITY** **EARLY TOURISM** - Tourism comes from the Hebrew word \"torah,\" which meaning \"education, teaching, or law.\" - Tourism is derived from the Old Saxon term \"torn,\" which means \"leave with the aim of returning\" in certain books. - Travel (from the word \"Travail\") has evolved from something that only a few people (the wealthy) could do to something that anybody can do. **2 REASONS WHY PEOPLE TRAVEL:** 1. **FOR BUSINESS** 2. **FOR RELIGIOUS** - The Greeks' creation of the Olympic Games in 776 B.C. led to the development of another type of travel for entertainment. - One of the most important pilgrimage destinations in the 14th century was St. Jame of Galicia, which is located in Spain. - The word "Holiday" was derived from an Old English phrase hāligdæg (holy day). - For English pilgrims had to obtain and carry permits - passports **MEDIEVAL PERIOD** - The decline of the travel declined. - Religious travels were the only one who traveled during the period. **RENAISSANCE** - Educational travel was offered as a new type of travel. - Young men's educational journey became known as the - The practice had become institutionalized for the top class of society by the 18th century. - Another purpose of regular travel : health and culture. People who are sick look for cures, while others seek out culture. - Spas or medical baths. - Sanitas Per Aquas -- "health through waters" - The term spa comes from the Spanish word espa - \"fountain.\" **INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION** - Travel grew in popularity. Technological advancements and - Societal changes - Enjoyment (Leisure Travel) - People's increased productivity and urbanization provided them with the chance and financial means to take a vacation **MODERN TOURISM (19TH CENTURY)** The development of two technological developments: - the building of a railway system - the creation of steam power. Low-cost commercial aircraft - The invention of steam power which led to the popularity of day cruises and the development of resorts along the coasts of major cities throughout the world. **THOMAS COOK** - First travel organizers to plan a railway journey between Leicester and Loughborough, England. - \"Cook's Circular Notes\" - traveler's check. **THE BAEDEKER** - Most popular guide book of the century, - Main book for Europeans. - The growth of income, curiosity, and adventure attitudes among people at the turn of the twentieth - The development of motor cars -- motorized public road transport boosted popularity of seaside tours. - Another is the interest in international travel. - The Tourism and Hospitality industry remains to be one of the major contributors to economic diversification and source of foreign exchange. **HISTORY OF THE HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY ANCIENT PERIOD THE SUMERIANS:** - They are the earliest recorded hospitality industry. - They also introduced money and writing - Alcoholic beverages -- the Beer which were considered to be safest drink than their water. - Taverns the very first hospitality business **EARLY TRADERS** - Establishment of caravanserai along the Silk Road. **CARAVANSERAIS -** were classified as \"guest homes\" or \"roadside inns\" that were built to accommodate visitors and traders for the night. **EMPIRES: 3200BC TO 476AD Egyptian Empire:** - Egyptian hospitality is wellknown - large feast held in honor of their distinguished visitors and dignitaries. - Egyptians were the first to start the tourism and hospitality industry - Famous pyramids **GREEK EMPIRE:** - The emergence of inns and taverns in ancient Greece. - One of the many reasons they were regarded as one of the most hospitable empires of their time was because of this. **ROMAN EMPIRE:** - Trade, interchange of products, battles, road networks, religious activities, sports, and tourist sites are all possible contributors to the growth of travel and tourism. - Roman technologies such as Roman law, cement, concrete, and army, wild - KHANS - which were a combination of stables, sleeping quarters, and castles, were built. These were basic structures that provided protection not just from the elements, but also from foes and robbers. **MEDIEVAL PERIOD (DARK AGES)** - Inn keeping practically vanished after the fall of the Roman Empire in 476 AD - Christians had a responsibility to provide hospitality to tourists and pilgrims. - "Xenodocheions" Greek word that means "inns or resting places" - The Hospice of St. Bernard was the most famous of these monastery-shelters. - The Roman roads became known as post roads were relay stations converted to "post houses" or "posting houses" -- which served as a lodging facility - In Europe, rest houses for pilgrims were established by Charlemagne - There was a decrease in the number of available restaurants or dining establishments throughout this time. - In England, taverns, pubs, and inns did not serve food or drink, and the higher class disregarded these establishments. - The stagecoach was the most popular means of transportation. - In the 1600s, a rule requiring innkeepers to acquire licenses. - Innkeepers are obligated to accept all travelers under the - common law. - innkeepers must insure (insurance) their guests' property and - ensure their safety. A type of eating place for commoners was introduced aT England in the 16TH century which is called ordinary. **BOULANGER** - Restaurants, a French word that means \"restoratives,\" were the name for these establishments. - A dish composed of sheep\'s feet with a sauce was one of the items on his menu. - France - CafØ. CafØ is the French word for "coffee". - CafØ Procope **THE INDUSTRIAL ERA: 1800S** - It is a time marked by the industrialization of society and economies, - the invention and mechanization of various kinds of transportation, including railways. **THE MODERN PERIOD** **19TH CENTURY** - The evolution of the hotel business. - Hotel began serving food and beverages to the travelers. - Sophisticated facilities that supplied superior rooms and dining areas to the general public - The creation of various hotel selling facilities such as hotel bars, hotel pools, and hotel architectural improvements. - The term \"restaurant\" was then used to refer to a hotel's dining room. **20TH CENTURY** - The development of a hospitality culture among people, presented - a major financial opportunity. - Many large hotel chains began operating in the midtwentieth century. - Automobiles became immensely popular. - The rise of motels, which are accommodation facilities erected beside major highways - In the year 1980, the United - (UNWTO) announced the 27TH day of September as "World - Tourism Day". **21ST CENTURY** - The integration of technological advancements into the hospitality industry - Engineering advancements enabled the construction of taller and more technological hotels. **THE ORIGIN OF TOURISM AND**  **HOSPITALITY IN THE PHILIPPINES** **PIONEER IN THE TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY** 1. **Cesar Ritz** (The Hotelier of Kings and King of Hoteliers) 2. **Ellsworth Milton Statler** (Hotel Man of the Half century) 3. **Conrad Hilton** (The Biggest Hotel Man in the World" 4. **Thomas Cook** (The Father of Modern Tourism) 5. **Howard Dearing Johnson** (The 6. **John Willard Marriott** (Founder of Marriott corporation) 7. **Ray Kroc** 8. **Isadore Sharp** (Man for All Seasons) 9. **Ruth fertel** **WEEK 5** **ECONOMICS** - This refers to the study of the laws of supply and demand. - It discusses the production, allocation and distribution of resources. - Economic also deals with the optimal use of scarce resources to match available resources with the needs and wants of individuals and communities. - It is concerned with issues arising from scarcity **TOURISM DEMAND** - It is defining are "the total number of persons who travel, or wish to travel, to use tourist facilities and services at places away from their places of work or residence". 1. DEMAND SUBSTITUTION 2. DEMAND REDIRECTION 3. DEMAND GENERATION **FACTORS AFFECTING TOURISM** **DEMAND** **Economic** - Cost of travel - Prices of goods and services - Foreign exchange rates **Geographic** - Accessibility of the destination - Seasonality of the available attractions and recreational - Location **Political** - Government laws on visas - Immigration - Customs - Taxes - Health policies **Perception of the Destination** - Image - Credibility - Branding - Safety and security issue **TOURISM SUPPLY** - It is consisting of the possible products and services to satisfy and exceed the demand of travelers. - It represents the quantity and range of products and services that the destination or host community can offer at a given price **COMPONENTS OF TOURISM SUPPLY** - DIRECT PROVIDERS - SUPPORT SERVICES - TOURISM DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATIONS **FACTORS AFFECTING TOURISM SUPPLY** **Political** - Government support for tourism investment such as tax holidays - Export and Import regulations **Technological** - Availability of equipment - Innovative techniques **Geographical** - Accessibility of destination - Climate - Natural environment **Social** - Hospitality - Communication skills - Showcase of traditions and culture **Legal** - Laws and regulations - Policies and procedures **ROLE OF TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY IN ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT** - The tourism and hospitality industry are one of the most important sectors of the global economy. - The tourism and hospitality industry are a driving force in expanding economic **ECONIMIC IMPACT** **Direct Effects** - These are the wages and earnings of those who work directly in the sector as workers or entrepreneurs and receive direct payment or income from tourist expenditures. **Indirect Effects** - Occur along the value chain. The funds raised from tourist expenditures will be used to purchase supplies such as ingredients for a restaurant menu, among other things. - This is also referred to as a secondary effect. **Dynamic Effects** - Tourism and hospitality can have an impact on local households' livelihood strategies, the business climate for small business development, patterns of growth in the local or national economy, and the destination's infrastructure or natural resource base. **TOURISM MULTIPLIER** - This simply refers to how many times a tourist's money circulates through a country's economy. Money spent in a hotel or restaurant directly contributes to the creation of jobs on the hotel grounds. - The multiplier effects continue or have ripple effect until the money in due course 'leaks' from the economy through imports or other methods. - LEAKAGE - is the value of goods and services imported to service the needs of tourism and hospitality **UNDESIRABLE IMPACT OF TOURISM** **Negative Environmental Effects of Tourism and Hospitality** **Negative Economic Effects of** **Tourism and Hospitality (Economic Instability)** - Foreign Poaching - Tourism Dependence **Negative Social Effects of Tourism and Hospitality** **STRATEGIES TO MAXIMIZE THE** **POSITIVE ECONIMIC EFFECT OF TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY** 1**.Growth Theories** - Theory of Balanced Growth - Theory of Unbalanced Growth **2.Economic Strategies** - Foreign Exchange - Import Substitution - Economic Development Incentives **SCOPE OF TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY** **TOURISM STAKEHOLDERS** - It Is described as an individual, organization and/or community who has an interest in the success of the industry. - **Demand Side are classified based on origin** - Domestic Tourists - International Tourist - **Supply Side** - Resource Providers - Tourism Operators  Tourism Managers - Infrastructure and Support Services **STAKEHOLDERS** 1. GOVERNMENT 2. TOURISM ORANIZATION AND OPERATORS 3. SMALL MEDIUM ENTERPRISES 4. NGO'S 5. TOURISTS 6. SUPPLIERS 7. EMPLYOYEES 8. EDUCATION 9. UTILITIES AND INFRASTRACTURE 10. TRANSPORT 11. COMMUNITIES **TOURISM SECTORS** 1. ACCOMMODATIONS 2. ATTRACTIONS 3. FOOD AND BEVERAGE SERVICE 4. GAMING AND ENTERTAINMENT 5. MICE AND SPECIAL EVENTS 6. TRANSPORTATION 7. TRAVEL TRADE 8. TOURISM SUPPORT SERVICES