Module 5 - Remedial Action Plan Presentation - Fall 2024 PDF

ENVI 3138 MODULE 5 Phase IV Site Assessments 1 RECAP!! Phase I Review of existing information typically consisting of: Records review – multiple sources Aerial photography Site visit Interviews Reporting...

ENVI 3138 MODULE 5 Phase IV Site Assessments 1 RECAP!! Phase I Review of existing information typically consisting of: Records review – multiple sources Aerial photography Site visit Interviews Reporting Phase 1 outcome?? DESKTOP EXERCISE!! Is it likely or not that I have a problem at my site? 2 RECAP!! Phase II Field Work Involves characterization of a site for the physical aspects and the potentially contaminated site media by most likely contaminants. Phase II involves sampling of site media Determines pathways and receptors A good assessment can outline what is where and at what levels Phase II outcome?? Location, concentration, phase and types What contaminants do I likely have a problem with at my site? 3 Phase III Environmental Site Assessments Fine Tuning Phase Detailed Assessment to characterize the site All contaminants known and their spatial relationships are outlined Pathways and receptors are fully outlined Inputs for remediation and risk assessment Phase III outcome?? All inputs available for determination of remedial plan Go out to know more if required 4 Phase IV Environmental Site Assessments RAP “Remedial Action Plan” Remediation defined: process of bringing site media to levels acceptable to the regulatory framework in place for that site at that time Remedial design phase where options are identified, evaluated, best option put forward using selection criteria, matrices, etc. Considerations often include implementability, climate, cost, time frame Phase IV or V or VI outcome?? Job is finished, site is clean to the present standards The term Phase IV outdated 5  Concern or Need Identified Site Identified ESA PROCESS Historical Review Phase I ESA No issues Issues Further Assessment Project Over Needed Yes No Phase II ESA Project Over Issues Limited and Defined Impacts Phase III ESA Issues Risk Assessment Remediation Program Closure Monitor Reassess Monitor Closure 6 Remedial Action Plan As per Nova Scotia Environment (NSE), it is defined as: A plan that identifies site-specific remedial objectives for a site. It describes a preferred conceptual remediation plan to reduce the risks of contamination to acceptable levels. It provides a performance monitoring plan, and, if appropriate, requirements for long term site management. 7 RAP - Components Prepare Remedial Action Plan (RAP) for submission to regulatory authorities – must include: ✓ Defined remedial objectives ✓ Identify course of action ✓ Identify monitoring program for air, soil, groundwater, surface water to include analytical program and frequency of sampling ✓ Include Health & Safety Plan (HASP) and Environmental Protection Plan (EPP) as well as a contingency plan to follow if there are potential adverse effects on humans/environment during remediation. ✓ HASP for protection of people to exposure ✓ EPP backup in the event of failure in protecting the environment ✓ Identify procedures (contingency plan) to follow in the event unsuccessful results are obtained regarding the treatment performance 8 RAP- Components Health & Safety Plan – must include: Must have if you 1) Hazard identification and evaluation want to work for ▪ identifies potential for chemical exposure, fire, Province of NS explosion, oxygen deficiency, ionizing radiation, biological, physical and electrical hazards, heat stress, exposure to noise, vibration and cold ▪ provide mitigative measures ▪ provide monitoring program Extremely IMPORTANT! 2) Record keeping Why? It is a historical account of activity ▪ daily work logs, incident reports that occurred on any particular day. It can include who was on site (including visitors), equipment, weather conditions, and activity (photos, notes etc.). This is important not only for H&S but also for project progress/monitoring. 9 Environmental, Health & Safety EH&S Plans Contractors usually have their own specific procedures and methods. Clients (not all) have specific requirements that must be met by contractors and/or consultants. Consultants (always) have specific requirements that must be met by contractors. The idea is to ensure contractors meet or exceed the minimum requirements presented to them!! 10 RAP- Components cont’d Health & Safety Plan – must include: 3) Emergency Response Plan IMPORTANT ▪ describe communication systems (eg. cell phones) ▪ provide evacuation routes (see next slide) ▪ outline lines of authority (who is in charge) ▪ indicate reporting procedures to outside agencies and provide phone numbers for police, fire department, regulatory officials (municipal, provincial, and federal) 4) Responsible Party Identification ▪ line of authority ▪ appoint Health and Safety Officer ▪ appoint persons to keep daily logs and prepare incident reports. 11 Emergency Route for Sydney Tar Ponds and Coke Ovens Remediation Project showing routing to local hospital 12 Who is in Charge? Very important to clarify who is in control!! Two options: In this option, you need to ensure 1. Client In Charge that you have the in-house qualifications, resources, capabilities, Client tells contractor what to do and time to lead H&S. If you do not, outsource or have the consultants lead. 2. Consultant In Charge Consultants usually have the expertise Consultant tells contractor what and experience for this. Qualifications would need to be verified. to do 13 RAP- Components Health & Safety Plan – must include: 5) Training Requirements Need to be within expiry dates!! ▪ Training requirements of labour code ▪ OSHA 40 hour training (Occupational Safety and Health Administration) ▪ WHMIS - Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System Shave Beards!! 6) Personal Protective Equipment ▪ Level of equipment (eg. respirators) and clothing (Tyvek© suits, chemical resistant gloves & boots) required. PPE for environmental remediation projects is typically more robust than standard construction projects. Think about it. 14 RAP- Components Health & Safety Plan – must include: 7) Medical Surveillance Program ▪ Medical exam, blood tests, chest x-rays, EKGs, Arsenic ▪ Frequency – depends on duration of project 8) Decontamination Procedures ▪ For vehicles, persons, equipment, clothing ▪ Wash Pads ▪ Brushes ▪ Water Treatment 15 RAP- Components Health & Safety Plan Let`s look at one……or two….. Refer to (On Moodle): STPA Master Health & This tells the contractor what he/she is expected to do regarding Health & Safety on the project. Safety Plan Contractor Assignment This tells the client what the contractor is going to do Health & Safety Plan regarding Health & Safety on the project. Usually based on the MHASP 16 RAP- Components Environmental Protection Plan – must include: 1) Monitoring program for air, soil, groundwater, surface EPP water to include analytical program and frequency sampling 2) Contingency Plan ▪ follow if there are potential adverse effects on environment during remediation 3) Site security (fencing, watch guards) Example: Open excavations with potential hazardous materials. 17 RAP- Components Environmental Protection Plan Let`s look at one….. Refer to (On Moodle): Contractor Environmental This tells the client what the contractor is going to do regarding Protection Plan protecting the environment both proactively and reactive. 18  Environmental Protection Plan Mitigative Measures (typical) ✓ Silt Fencing 19  Environmental Protection Plan Mitigative Measures (typical) ✓ Rock Check Dams 20 Environmental Protection Plan Mitigative Measures (typical) ✓ Hay Bales 21 Environmental Protection Plan Mitigative Measures (typical) ✓ Tarps ✓ Erosion Control Blankets 22  Environmental Protection Plan Mitigative Measures (typical) ✓ Dewatering Pumps 23  Environmental Protection Plan Mitigative Measures (typical) ✓ Rip Rap Lining 24  Environmental Protection Plan Mitigative Measures (typical) ✓ Oil Absorbent Pads 25  Environmental Protection Plan Mitigative Measures (typical) ✓ Oil Absorbent Booms 26 So we`ve discussed what kinds of things we need in/with our RAP, let`s look at the actual Remediation Methods/Techniques/Options Where can we start?? 27 REMEDIAL OPTIONS-EVALUATION Six Tier Approach to Assessing Feasibility of Remedial Technologies: CCME 1. Evaluate technology to treat contaminant Determines ability of the technology to treat COC given the physical/chemical properties of COC Practical Examines phases (liquid, water and solid) Favorable rating is given if technology can treat COC in the phases is it found In the 6-Tier approach regulators will review your plan in detail 28 REMEDIAL OPTIONS-EVALUATION Six Tier Approach to Assessing Feasibility of Remedial Technologies: 2. Evaluate technology to treat contaminant at site determines the ability to treat COC in the media in which COC is found to meet remedial objective Considers physical/chemical properties of media Soil type, chemistry, moisture, thickness, permeability, nutrient availability, organic content Depth to groundwater, chemistry, oxygen level 29 REMEDIAL OPTIONS-EVALUATION Six Tier Approach to Assessing Feasibility of Remedial Technologies: 3. Evaluate exposure risk and disruption caused by applying the technology to humans and the environment both during and after remediation Considers exposure from dermal contact, inhalation of vapours and dust, odour concerns, contaminated run-off Examine surrounding land use and nearness to receptors, including waterways Considers activities on the site and adjacent lands 30 REMEDIAL OPTIONS-EVALUATION Six Tier Approach to Assessing Feasibility of Remedial Technologies: 4. Evaluate track record of technology considers whether it is conventional technology with proven record to remediate COC to remedial objectives in the environment it is in or whether it is innovative technology with not a long period of data available to assess its effectiveness – “developed” technology versus “ developing” technology Example: For organics soil washing is a developed technology, for metals soil washing is a developing technology 31 REMEDIAL OPTIONS-EVALUATION Six Tier Approach to Assessing Feasibility of Remedial Technologies: 5. Evaluate timely completion for existing or intended use of the site Need to assess what is driving the remediation project such as land transactions Have to know why selling? Time table it takes time to clean up if they want to sell quickly may have to dig up or risk manage contaminant immediate threats to humans/environment public perception 32 REMEDIAL OPTIONS-EVALUATION Six Tier Approach to Assessing Feasibility of Remedial Technologies: 6. Evaluate cost effectiveness ▪ need to derive capital and operating costs of the various technologies ▪ let client decide on best approach on their affordability and projected cash flow. “ Role of the site assessor is not to tell client what to do, but to give client options” 33 REMEDIAL OPTIONS-EVALUATION Seventh? Tier Approach to Assessing Feasibility of Remedial Technologies: “Political” acceptance of technology considers public participation, eg. Incineration is not a popular well received technology and is banned in many regions Recommendation: if plan to implement an innovative technology whose public acceptance is uncertain, better to keep another option in your “back pocket”. CCME doesn’t have a 7th, Political Acceptability 34 Types of Remediation Technologies 35 Types of Remediation Technologies Remediation technologies generally classified into four categories based on the process acting on the contaminant. These are: Removal Separation Destruction Containment 36 Types of Remediation Technologies 1. Removal a process that physically removes the contaminant or contaminated medium from the site without the need for separation from the host medium. Example: Excavation 37 Types of Remediation Technologies 2. Separation a process that removes the contaminant from the host medium (soil or water). Example: Soil Vapour Extraction 38 Types of Remediation Technologies 3. Destruction a process that chemically or biologically destroys or neutralizes the contaminant to produce less toxic compounds. Example: Natural Attenuation 39 Types of Remediation Technologies 4. Containment a process that impedes or immobilizes the surface and subsurface migration of the contaminant. Example: Solidification/ Stabilization RMR – Sydney Tar Ponds C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Windows\INetCache\IE\MUWLMHWA\basarugur_TV_Camera_Icon_48x48.png 1 40 REMEDIAL OPTIONS - EVALUATION Remedial Technologies for Soils: Natural Attenuation Bioventing Soil Vapour Extraction In-situ Biodegradation Ex-situ Bioremediation Solidification/Stabilization Solid Phase Biological Treatment Slurry Phase Biological Treatment 41 REMEDIAL OPTIONS-EVALUATION Remedial Technologies for Soils: Chemical Reduction / Oxidation Chemical Extraction Low Thermal Desorption Heating of excavated soil to volatilize organic contaminants High Temperature Thermal Desorption Incineration With sand and gravel Excavation and Disposal conditions, excavation Soil Washing is not an option Dehalogenation Vitrification: electric current turns soil to rock 42 REMEDIAL OPTIONS-EVALUATION Remedial Technologies for Soils: Encapsulation Capping Isolation Reuse 43 REMEDIAL OPTIONS-EVALUATION Remedial technologies for Groundwater: Natural Attenuation Oxygen/Nutrient Enhanced Biodegradation All soil contains “bugs” that like HCs, but need O2 & nutrients Passive Treatment Walls Air Sparging – in situ air stripping Air Stripping Pump, Treat and Reinject Free Product Recovery Carbon Filtration 44 REMEDIAL OPTIONS-EVALUATION Remedial technologies for Groundwater: UV Oxidation Barrier Walls (sheets piles, slurry) Permeability Enhanced Groundwater Extraction High Vacuum Extraction Hydrodynamic Isolation In-situ Bioremediation 45 REMEDIAL OPTIONS-RANKING ❑Rank short list of remedial options by applying weighting factors to each of the Six Tiers apply numbers to a high, moderate and low weighting factor and multiply to obtain a total score the technology with the highest or second highest score is favored preferred remedial options ❑Considers: ✓ (1 & 2) effectiveness ✓ (3) exposure risks and disruption to operations ✓ (4) reliability (track record) ✓ (5) time frame to completion ✓ (6) costs 46 TREATABILITY STUDIES Evaluate and optimize site-specific remediation performance variables in a controlled setting. 47 TREATABILITY STUDIES Bench Scale Bench Scale is Pilot Scale is laboratory scaled up and usually done Pilot Scale at the site Bench Scale versus Pilot Scale 48 TREATABILITY STUDIES Bench Scale Tests ▪ Will establish the optimum physical environmental conditions for the treatment to be successful ▪ Will also identify the projected time frame for completion in the field ▪ Will enable cost estimates to be derived 49 TREATABILITY STUDIES Pilot Scale Tests ▪ Will determine the effectiveness of the treatment technology to meet remedial objectives ▪ Will establish time lines for completion ▪ Will resolve limiting factors such as toxicity and chemical /biological complexing ▪ Will provide data for input to the detailed design specifications ▪ Will establish monitoring requirement (timing for site visits and sampling) ▪ Will enable detailed capital and operating cost estimates to be derived ▪ Will provide data for obtaining regulatory permits and approvals 50 Remedial Options - Summary Check List (Items to consider) The remediation plan is achievable in a timely manner and is compatible with any proposed redevelopment schedule, so as to minimize construction delays The remediation plan must ensure that the quality of life of the neighboring residents or businesses is not affected during and following remedial activities The remediation plan must meet acceptable air and water discharge guidelines & resource management directives and policies The remediation plan is the most cost effective plan 51 In Closing….. The RAP is a plan. Therefore…. PLAN PLAN PLAN 52 Video Presentation The following presentation is supporting material for this module. Along with the presentation for the Sydney Tar Ponds & Coke Ovens Remediation project, this is a case study of remedial technologies and solutions that could be used for major remediation projects. This was presented for varying audiences and conferences during and after the end of the Project. Click on the picture for the video. Duration: 35 minutes 53 54