Module 4 Psych Pers Freud & Adler.pdf

22/09/2022 PSYCHODYNAMIC PERSPECTIVE PSYCHOLOGICAL Sigmund Freud’s Psychoanalytic Theory PERSPECTIVE OF THE SELF...

22/09/2022 PSYCHODYNAMIC PERSPECTIVE PSYCHOLOGICAL Sigmund Freud’s Psychoanalytic Theory PERSPECTIVE OF THE SELF Alfred Adler’s Individual Psychology Module 4 Understanding the Self TSU PSYCHOLOGY DEPARTMENT TSU PSYCHOLOGY DEPARTMENT INTEGRITY/EXCELLENCE/PASSION/SERVICE INTEGRITY/EXCELLENCE/PASSION/SERVICE PSYCHODYNAMIC Assumption 1: PERSPECTIVE Primacy of the Unconscious contend that the majority of psychological 3 Core Assumptions of the Psychodynamic processes take place outside conscious Perspective awareness the activities of the mind (or psyche) are presumed to be largely unconscious Assumption 1:Primacy of the Unconscious Assumption 2: Critical Importance of Early Research confirms this basic premise of Experiences psychodynamic: Many of our mental activities— Assumption 3: Psychic Causality memories, motives, feelings, and the like—are largely inaccessible to consciousness (Bargh & Morsella, 2008; Bornstein, 2010; Wilson, 2009) TSU PSYCHOLOGY DEPARTMENT TSU PSYCHOLOGY DEPARTMENT INTEGRITY/EXCELLENCE/PASSION/SERVICE INTEGRITY/EXCELLENCE/PASSION/SERVICE  22/09/2022 Assumption 2: Assumption 3: Critical Importance of Early Experiences Psychic Causality psychodynamic theory points that nothing in mental posits that early childhood events life happens by chance—that there is no such thing as play a role in shaping personality a random thought, feeling, motive, or behavior early experiences—including those occurring most theorists and researchers agree that thoughts, motives, during the first weeks or months of emotional responses, and expressed behaviors do not arise life—set in motion personality processes randomly, but always stem from some combination of that affect us years, even decades, later (Blatt identifiable biological and psychological processes (Elliott, 2002; & Levy, 2003; McWilliams, 2009) Robinson & Gordon, 2011) TSU PSYCHOLOGY DEPARTMENT INTEGRITY/EXCELLENCE/PASSION/SERVICE TSU PSYCHOLOGY DEPARTMENT INTEGRITY/EXCELLENCE/PASSION/SERVICE PSYCHOANALYTIC THEORY (Sigmund Freud) ◎ Freud saw mental Austrian Levels of functioning as operating on three levels— neurologist and Mental the founder of unconscious, Life 1. psychoanalysis 2. preconscious, and 3. conscious. TSU PSYCHOLOGY DEPARTMENT INTEGRITY/EXCELLENCE/PASSION/SERVICE  22/09/2022 A. UNCONSCIOUS ◎ These drives can only become conscious in ◎ The unconscious includes drives and disguised or distorted forms such as: Dream Images instincts that are beyond awareness but ◉ ◉ Slips of the Tongue (Freudian Slip) that motivate most human behaviors. ◉ Neurotic Symptoms ◎ DRIVE- mental representation of an inner bodily source of excitement An example of a Freudian slip is a man who accidentally uses a former girlfriend's name when referring to a current girlfriend. B. PRECONSCIOUS C. CONSCIOUS ◎ The preconscious contains images that are not in ◎ Consciousness plays a relatively minor role in awareness but that can become conscious either Freudian theory. quite easily or with some level of difficulty. ◎ Conscious ideas stem from either the perception of external stimuli (our perceptual conscious system) or from the You might not presently be thinking about how to do long division, unconscious and preconscious after they have but you can access the information and bring it into conscious evaded censorship. awareness when you are faced with a math problem. TSU PSYCHOLOGY DEPARTMENT INTEGRITY EXCELLENCE PASSION SERVICE  22/09/2022 THE ICEBERG MODEL Freud describes the personality in terms of Structure of three constructs: Personality the id, the ego, and the superego TSU PSYCHOLOGY DEPARMENT INTEGRITY EXCELLENCE PASSION SERVICE ID (“it”)  Raw, unorganized, inborn part of personality ◎ Freud emphasizes that the id, ego, and   Primitive desires of hunger, sex, and aggression Works with Pleasure Principle superego are not separate compartments within the mind. ◎ They blend together, like sections of a telescope or colors in a painting.  Satisfaction is the ultimate goal  Its only resource is to form mental images of what it wants, a process called wish fulfillment TSU PSYCHOLOGY DEPARTMENT INTEGRITY/EXCELLENCE/PASSION/SERVICE  22/09/2022 EGO (“me”) SUPEREGO (“over-me”)  Right and wrong  Due to constant battle between an id demanding instant  Develops at age 5 or 6 gratification and a superego demanding constant restraint  Learned from others  Rational and reasonable  Reality Principle:  Moral Ideals and Conscience Instinctual energy (ID) is restrained  Guides us toward socially acceptable behavior through in order to maintain the safety of the the use of guilt and anxiety individual and keep him/her within societies norms The cost of advanced civilization is the sense of guilt. –Sigmund Freud, Civilization and Its Discontents TSU PSYCHOLOGY DEPARTMENT INTEGRITY/EXCELLENCE/PASSION/SERVICE TSU PSYCHOLOGY DEPARTMENT INTEGRITY/EXCELLENCE/PASSION/SERVICE PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT Each stage represents the fixation on different areas of the body. As a person grows physically certain areas of their body become sources of potential frustration, pleasure or both. (EROGENOUS ZONES) FIXATION- a person’s libidinal energy may remain fixed at an earlier stage of development TSU PSYCHOLOGY DEPARTMENT Stages of Psychosexual Development INTEGRITY/EXCELLENCE/PASSION/SERVICE TSU PSYCHOLOGY DEPARTMENT INTEGRITY/EXCELLENCE/PASSION/SERVICE  22/09/2022 ORAL STAGE ◎ BIRTH TO 1 Y/O ◎ Erogenous zone: mouth ◎ Satisfaction comes from putting all sorts of things in the mouth ◎ Activities are sucking, biting, swallowing FIXATIONS IN THE ORAL STAGE ANAL STAGE ◎ ORAL AGGRESSIVE ◎ 1 Y/O to 3 Y/O ◉ shouting, nagger, sarcastic, ◉ argumentative ◎ Erogenous zone: anus ◎ ORAL RECEPTIVE ◎ Derives great pleasure in bowel ◉ overeating, gullible, smoking or bladder control  22/09/2022 PHALLIC STAGE FIXATIONS IN THE ANAL STAGE ◎ 3 Y/O to 6 Y/O ◎ Erogenous zone: Genitals ◎ Child becomes aware of anatomical sex ◎ ANAL-RETENTIVE differences ◉ Obsessive in cleanliness, stingy ◎ Conflict comes from erotic attraction, ◎ ANAL REPULSIVE resentment, rivalry, jealousy and fear ◉ Messy, lack of commitment ◎ Oedipus complex while girls experience the Electra complex LATENCY STAGE GENITAL STAGE ◎ 6 Y/O to Puberty ◎ Puberty to Adulthood ◎ Latent means “hidden” ◎ Physical sexual changes reawaken ◎ Focused on school works, repressed needs hobbies and friendships ◎ Restricted by social rules  22/09/2022 FOR FREUD: ◎ Past experiences are the main determinants of our present behavior ◎ People have no choice in shaping their personality ◎ The unconscious is the main source of motivation of most human behaviors INDIVIDUAL PSYCHOLOGY BRIEF BACKGROUND ON THE THEORY (Alfred Adler) Adler did not agree on Freud’s view that all our Austrian medical present behaviors are determined by our past doctor, experiences. psychotherapist, Adler believed that people actively seek to improve and founder of themselves. the school of Personal values and the desire for social involvement individual should be a central idea in psychoanalysis. psychology. TSU PSYCHOLOGY DEPARTMENT TSU PSYCHOLOGY DEPARTMENT INTEGRITY/EXCELLENCE/PASSION/SERVICE INTEGRITY/EXCELLENCE/PASSION/SERVICE  22/09/2022 INDIVIDUAL PSYCHOLOGY INFERIORITY 1. The one dynamic force behind people’s behavior is the striving for We are all born with a sense of inferiority which success or superiority. motivates us to improve ourselves and achieve our 2. People’s subjective perceptions shape their behavior and personality. SELF-IDEAL. 3. Personality is unified and self-consistent. SELF- IDEAL- is an expression of the fictional goal 4. The value of all human activity must be seen from the viewpoint of social interest. of the personality, which is an image of success 5. The self-consistent personality structure develops into a “persons are always striving to find a situation in person’s style of life. which they excel” 6. Style of life is molded by people’s creative power. TSU PSYCHOLOGY DEPARTMENT TSU PSYCHOLOGY DEPARTMENT INTEGRITY/EXCELLENCE/PASSION/SERVICE INTEGRITY/EXCELLENCE/PASSION/SERVICE INFERIORITY COMPLEX CREATIVE POWER -excessive feelings of inferiority people’s ability to freely shape their behavior and (overcompensation) create their own personality. -unhealthy; produces feelings of helplessness and By the time children reach 4 or 5 years of age, their feelings of hopelessness creative power has developed to the point that they can set their final goal. FINAL GOAL- to be big, complete, and strong. TSU PSYCHOLOGY DEPARTMENT TSU PSYCHOLOGY DEPARTMENT INTEGRITY/EXCELLENCE/PASSION/SERVICE INTEGRITY/EXCELLENCE/PASSION/SERVICE  22/09/2022 SUPERIORITY COMPLEX/ STRIVING FOR SUCCESS STRIVING FOR SUPERIORITY socially nonproductive attempt to gain personal psychologically healthy people who are motivated by social interest and the success of all humankind superiority capable of helping others without demanding or expecting a with little or no concern for others. personal payoff, and are able to see others not as opponents Some people create clever disguises for their personal but as people with whom they can cooperate for social striving and may consciously or unconsciously hide benefit their self-centeredness behind the cloak of social SOCIAL INTEREST- “social feeling” or “community concern feeling,”; it means a feeling of oneness with all humanity TSU PSYCHOLOGY DEPARTMENT TSU PSYCHOLOGY DEPARTMENT INTEGRITY/EXCELLENCE/PASSION/SERVICE INTEGRITY/EXCELLENCE/PASSION/SERVICE STYLES OF LIFE the term Adler used to refer to the flavor of a person’s life. It includes a person’s goal, self- concept, feelings for others, and attitude toward the world Product of the interaction of the environment, heredity and creative power of a person TSU PSYCHOLOGY DEPARTMENT TSU PSYCHOLOGY DEPARTMENT INTEGRITY/EXCELLENCE/PASSION/SERVICE INTEGRITY/EXCELLENCE/PASSION/SERVICE  22/09/2022 RULING TYPE GETTING TYPE aggressive, dominating dependent people who take rather than give people who don't have much social interest PAMPERED STYLE OF LIFE (weak or cultural perception social interest) They expect others to look after them, overprotect them, and satisfy their needs. They are characterized by extreme discouragement, indecisiveness, oversensitivity, impatience, and exaggerated emotion, especially anxiety. TSU PSYCHOLOGY DEPARTMENT TSU PSYCHOLOGY DEPARTMENT INTEGRITY/EXCELLENCE/PASSION/SERVICE INTEGRITY/EXCELLENCE/PASSION/SERVICE AVOIDING TYPE SOCIALLY-USEFUL TYPE people who try to escape life's problems and take little part people with a great deal of social interest in socially constructive activity and activity NEGLECTED STYLE OF LIFE Children who feel unloved and unwanted are likely to burrow heavily from these feelings in creating a neglected style of life. No one feels totally neglected or completely unwanted. TSU PSYCHOLOGY DEPARTMENT TSU PSYCHOLOGY DEPARTMENT INTEGRITY/EXCELLENCE/PASSION/SERVICE INTEGRITY/EXCELLENCE/PASSION/SERVICE  22/09/2022 FAMILY CONSTELLATION consisted of parents, children, and any extended family members birth order in this constellation influences a person's lifestyle choices. a child defines self in relation to other children and how the self is different from or the same as others in the family. BIRTH ORDER- position among siblings in the family TSU PSYCHOLOGY DEPARTMENT TSU PSYCHOLOGY DEPARTMENT INTEGRITY/EXCELLENCE/PASSION/SERVICE INTEGRITY/EXCELLENCE/PASSION/SERVICE TSU PSYCHOLOGY DEPARTMENT INTEGRITY/EXCELLENCE/PASSION/SERVICE